EP0586864B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le réchauffage à haute température de produits en vrac - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le réchauffage à haute température de produits en vrac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0586864B1
EP0586864B1 EP93112126A EP93112126A EP0586864B1 EP 0586864 B1 EP0586864 B1 EP 0586864B1 EP 93112126 A EP93112126 A EP 93112126A EP 93112126 A EP93112126 A EP 93112126A EP 0586864 B1 EP0586864 B1 EP 0586864B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
gas
heating
bulk goods
vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93112126A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0586864A2 (fr
EP0586864A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Herman Dipl.-Ing. Juergens
Achim Dipl.-Ing. Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
Publication of EP0586864A2 publication Critical patent/EP0586864A2/fr
Publication of EP0586864A3 publication Critical patent/EP0586864A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0586864B1 publication Critical patent/EP0586864B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0072—Use of a pinion and a rack
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0005—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a gas
    • F27D2009/0008—Ways to inject gases against surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D2099/0061—Indirect heating
    • F27D2099/0065—Gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0045—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for granular materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for heating bulk goods to high temperatures according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for heating bulk goods to high temperatures according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • the known device has a mixing drum with an agitator which rotates so quickly about a horizontal axis that the bulk material is distributed in a ring over the inner peripheral surface of the drum.
  • the bulk material is transported from one end of the drum, where it is continuously fed from above, to the other end, where it is continuously discharged from below.
  • US-A-4,058,905 discloses a method for heating and cooling solids.
  • bulk goods are transported continuously on a conveyor grate through a heating zone and a cooling zone arranged behind them.
  • a heating zone hot air is supplied above the bulk material, which flows through the bulk material and the conveyor grate.
  • the air cooled by the heating of the bulk material is extracted under the conveyor grate and directed to the cooling zone. There it is fed again over the bulk material and flows through the bulk material and the conveyor grate.
  • the air heated by the cooling of the bulk material is extracted under the conveyor grate, further heated with a heater and directed back to the heating zone.
  • the heat supply must be controllable in such a way that the desired operating conditions are always achieved and maintained.
  • Known reactors do not meet these conditions.
  • the invention has for its object to heat this bulk material in an economical and safe manner first to a greatly elevated temperature and then to cool it to a relatively high temperature without fear of damage to the bulk material container due to inadequate temperature control.
  • the risk of damage to the container is particularly high due to excessive temperature gradients on the container and the associated material stress.
  • the housing of the reactor or mixer is equipped with a double jacket which serves to guide the gases intended for heating and cooling.
  • the controlled temperature gases preferably air
  • This circuit contains a flap station for adding cold air and for regulating the amount of gas carried in the circuit, a fan for conveying the temperature-controlled gas such as air and a heater for heating the gas such as air.
  • a measuring and control system enables a targeted increase and decrease in the temperature of the gas circulated.
  • the double jacket provided for the gas flow is preferably designed such that thermal expansions can be absorbed and compensated for by compensators, not least also because nozzles and manholes arranged on the mixer or reactor are also enclosed by the double jacket.
  • the double jacket is preferably divided so that the gas can be guided separately in each section. Throttle bodies allow the gas quantities to be set so that the gas flow is the same everywhere.
  • the exhaust gas flap preferably provided in the device according to the invention does not close absolutely tightly. This ensures that no excess pressure can build up in the gas circulation system.
  • a mixer 1 with a horizontal container and thus a horizontal axis 2 and a drive motor 3 for a mixer, not shown, is provided with a double jacket 4, which is intended for passing hot gas, with the aid of which the bulk material located in the mixer and possibly moved there is heated and finally can be kept at a reduced temperature, which is still significantly above the outside temperature, for a predetermined treatment time.
  • the double jacket 4 is designed such that it surrounds connecting pieces or other connecting elements leading into the mixer 1 or leading out of the mixer - not shown in FIG. 1 -.
  • the double jacket 4 is divided on the inside by a circular disk-shaped partition 5 into two sections 6 and 7 surrounding the drum-shaped container of the mixer 1 in a ring.
  • Each of these annular sections 6 and 7 is each provided with an inlet connection 8 and an outlet connection 9 for hot gas, which is preferably air, which serves as a heat carrier.
  • Each inlet connection 8 is preceded by a flap 10 regulating the inlet quantity of the gas.
  • the flaps 10 of the two inlet ports are individually controllable.
  • the amount of gas let through each flap 10 is detected by a downstream sensor 11.
  • the flap 10 connected upstream of this sensor is controlled according to the values determined by the respective sensor 11.
  • the air baffles 43 arranged in the inlet connection 8 can be angular in front view, as shown in FIG. 6. However, they can also have any other shape, for example also be a simple plate-shaped sheet.
  • the ends of the double jacket 4 are arranged on the container of the mixer 1 via compensators 49, which consist of bellows bent from sheet metal .
  • Such bellows can also be provided between the inlet and outlet connections and further connections leading into the container 48 of the mixer 1 and / or the double jacket 4.
  • compensators 49 ensure a tight, but stress-free connection between the container 48 and the double jacket 4 arranged thereon.
  • the gas used for indirect heating and cooling of the mixer 1 can be supplied with cool gas, such as fresh air, through a line 12, the amount of fish air supplied being controlled by a control element 13 arranged in the line 12.
  • cool gas such as fresh air
  • the fresh air supplied passes through a line 14 to a blower or compressor 15 which is provided with a motor 16 and which circulates the air which has entered the line 14.
  • the compressor 15 is connected via an intermediate line 17 to a heat exchanger 18 serving as a heating device.
  • the heat exchanger 18 contains a heating coil 20 which is heated by an electrical energy source 19 and through which the air brought in through the intermediate line 17 flows in order to be heated to the desired operating temperature.
  • the heating device can also be designed according to another functional principle, for. B. as a direct fire gas heater.
  • the air heated in the heat exchanger 18 flows through a further line 21 to a distributor 22 which leads to the two flaps 10 and thus to the two inlet ports 8 of the double jacket 4.
  • a collector 23 is connected to the two outlet ports 9 and directs the partial air quantities flowing out of the double jacket 4 into a common outlet line 24.
  • a controllable regulating element 25 is installed in this outlet line 24 and, together with the regulating elements 26 and 13, controls the amount of the exhaust air flowing out of the outlet line 24.
  • the line 14 is connected to the outlet line 24, which contains a further controllable control member 26 which is arranged between the outlet line 24 and the point at which the line 12 containing the control member 13 for the supply of fresh air into the line 14 opens.
  • a temperature sensor 27 is connected to the line 21 leading from the heat exchanger 18 to the double jacket 4 and detects the temperature of the heated air flowing through the line 21.
  • a further temperature sensor 28 is connected to the outlet line 24 and detects the temperature of the exhaust air flowing through the outlet line 24.
  • the two temperature sensors 27 and 28 are electrically linked to one another via a switching element 29 that detects the temperature difference.
  • a further temperature sensor 33 is connected to the interior of the mixer 1, which detects the temperature prevailing in the interior of the mixer 1 and in particular the temperature of the bulk material located in the mixer 1.
  • This temperature sensor is electrically linked to a setpoint-actual value switching element 34, which compares the temperature values detected with the temperature sensor 33 with a setpoint value for the temperature, for example specified by a program.
  • This switching element 34 is electrically connected to the circuit 32 provided for the calculation and forwards the possibly determined differences between the target value and the actual value to this circuit.
  • a controller 35 operating according to the split-range principle is electrically connected to the circuit 32 used for the calculation, to which the temperature sensor 27 assigned to the inlet line 21 is also electrically connected.
  • This split-range controller works in such a way that the heating of the circulating air used for heating and cooling is controlled in the case of a negative control deviation and the cooling in the case of a positive control deviation.
  • the split-range controller 35 is electrically connected on the one hand to the control elements 13, 25 and 26 and on the other hand to the energy source 19 of the heat exchanger 18. He can thus carry out a control of the regulating elements corresponding to the desired working temperature and thus the regulated supply of fresh air and the regulated return of exhaust air, and on the other hand control the heating energy input into the heat exchanger 18.
  • the setpoint for the temperature of the bulk material is entered into the switching element 34 by a program. This setpoint is compared in the switching element 34 with the actual value detected by the temperature sensor 33 and the temperature of the bulk material prevailing in the mixer 1. The desired value for the temperature of the heated gas flowing through the line 21 to the double jacket 4 is calculated from the comparison value obtained in this way.
  • both the heating energy given off by the energy source 19 and the control on the inlet, outlet and intermediate passage are regulated by means of the regulating elements 13, 25 and 26.
  • the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures is measured using the temperature sensors 27 and 28.
  • the difference value determined by the switching element 29 is included in the calculation of the reference variable for heating and cooling the mixer 1, taking into account the setpoint value determined by the switching element 34, and in the controller 35.
  • this is a split-range controller that controls the heating in the upper area and the cooling in the lower area. This ensures that either heating or cooling is the only option.
  • Fig. 2 to 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a system which is constructed and operates according to the circuit diagram from FIG. 1.
  • a silo-like feed container 36 is provided, which opens into the mixer 1 via a connecting piece 37, which contains a closure (not shown).
  • a second feed hopper 38 leading upwards is arranged next to the feed container 36.
  • an outlet funnel 39 is attached, which opens into a downpipe 40.
  • the outlet funnel is also provided with a closure, not shown, so that mix can only be removed from the mixer 1 when it has been heated and cooled sufficiently.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 the mixer 1 having a double jacket 4 is shown in more detail and somewhat more precisely than in the previous figures. It can be seen that the drive motor 3 is connected to the shaft 41 for the mixing mechanism provided in the container 48 of the mixer 1 via an intermediate gear 42.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de chauffage de produits en vrac à de hautes températures, dans lequel le produit en vrac est chauffé dans un récipient fermé (1) et porté à la température élevée voulue au moyen d'un gaz reconduit en circuit, qui s'écoule à l,extérieur le long du récipient (1),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - après le chauffage, le produit en vrac contenu dans le récipient (1) est refroidi à une température souhaitée plus faible au moyen du gaz reconduit en circuit; et que
    - lors du chauffage et lors du refroidissement du produit en vrac, la température du gaz est réglée en fonction de la température du produit en vrac et en fonction de la différence entre les températures aller et retour du gaz.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, lors du refroidissement du produit en vrac, notamment à une température située largement au-dessus de la température extérieure, du gaz froid est ajouté au gaz, du gaz excédentaire étant alors évacué du circuit.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la différence de température est limitée à une valeur maximale d'environ 100° C.
  4. Dispositif pour le chauffage de produits en vrac à de hautes températures, en particulier pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant:
    - un récipient (1) destiné à accueillir le produit en vrac, comprenant une double-enveloppe (4);
    - un système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24) relié à la double-enveloppe (4) et formant ainsi un circuit pour un gaz servant d'agent caloporteur;
    - un chauffage (18, 19, 20) inséré dans le système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24) et destiné à chauffer le gaz; et
    - une machine soufflante (15, 16) insérée dans le système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24);
    caractérisé par:
    - un poste de vannes (13, 25, 26) inséré dans le système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24), permettant d'acheminer et de mélanger du gaz froid au gaz présent dans le système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24), et d'évacuer du gaz excédentaire du système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24);
    - des capteurs de température (27, 28, 33) disposés dans les conduites d'alimentation et de retour (21, 24) reliées à la double-enveloppe (4), appartenant au système de conduites (14, 17, 21, 24), et dans le récipient (1); et par
    - un dispositif (29, 32, 34, 35) relié aux capteurs de température (27, 28, 33), destiné à maintenir la température régnant dans le récipient (1) à une valeur consigne grâce au réglage du poste de vannes (13, 25, 26) et du chauffage (18, 19, 20) en fonction de la température régnant dans le récipient (1) et de la différence entre les températures régnant dans les conduites d'alimentation et de retour (21, 24).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une mémoire programme est prévue, qui communique d'abord une valeur de consigne élevée, et ensuite une valeur de consigne plus basse au dispositif régulateur (29, 32, 34, 35), ce dispositif étant configuré de manière telle qu'en présence d'une consigne élevée, seul le chauffage (18, 19, 20) soit réglé, et qu'en présence d'une consigne peu élevée, seul le poste de vannes (13, 25, 26) soit réglé.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la double-enveloppe (4) est divisée en au moins deux sections partielles (6, 7) disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre, chacune d'elles étant pourvue d'un régulateur de débit réglable (10, 11).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 6, caractérisé par un mécanisme agitateur ou centrifuge (2, 3) disposé à l'intérieur du récipient (1), destiné à remuer le produit en vrac.
EP93112126A 1992-08-20 1993-07-29 Procédé et dispositif pour le réchauffage à haute température de produits en vrac Expired - Lifetime EP0586864B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4227541 1992-08-20
DE4227541A DE4227541A1 (de) 1992-08-20 1992-08-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erhitzen von Schüttgut auf hohe Temperaturen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0586864A2 EP0586864A2 (fr) 1994-03-16
EP0586864A3 EP0586864A3 (en) 1994-05-25
EP0586864B1 true EP0586864B1 (fr) 1997-05-21

Family

ID=6465945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93112126A Expired - Lifetime EP0586864B1 (fr) 1992-08-20 1993-07-29 Procédé et dispositif pour le réchauffage à haute température de produits en vrac

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0586864B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4227541A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2105016T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH350248A (de) * 1957-03-13 1960-11-15 Buettner Werke Aktiengesellsch Einrichtung zum Trocknen von spezifisch leichtem Gut, z.B. Holzspänen
CH535413A (de) * 1971-07-01 1973-03-31 Luwa Ag Vorrichtung zum Trocknen eines fliessfähigen Stoffes
US4058905A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-11-22 The Superior Oil Company Method for reducing residence time and eliminating gas leakage between zones in a cross-flow device for heating and cooling solids
US4223452A (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-09-23 Chambers John M Drying process and apparatus for accomplishing the same
DE3271831D1 (en) * 1982-05-19 1986-07-31 Kikkoman Corp Method and apparatus for heat-treating powdered, granular and like materials
US4872954A (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-10-10 Hogan Jim S Apparatus for the treatment of waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0586864A2 (fr) 1994-03-16
DE59306502D1 (de) 1997-06-26
EP0586864A3 (en) 1994-05-25
DE4227541A1 (de) 1994-02-24
ES2105016T3 (es) 1997-10-16

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