EP0575254B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0575254B1
EP0575254B1 EP93401556A EP93401556A EP0575254B1 EP 0575254 B1 EP0575254 B1 EP 0575254B1 EP 93401556 A EP93401556 A EP 93401556A EP 93401556 A EP93401556 A EP 93401556A EP 0575254 B1 EP0575254 B1 EP 0575254B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
flow
annular
gas
channel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93401556A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0575254A1 (de
Inventor
François Renault
Didier Quevillon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Total Marketing Services SA
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Total Raffinage Distribution SA
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Publication of EP0575254A1 publication Critical patent/EP0575254A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0491—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid the liquid and the gas being mixed at least twice along the flow path of the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F23D11/14—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle with a single outlet, e.g. slit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for spraying a liquid using an auxiliary fluid such as a gas.
  • this process is characterized in that the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total liquid mass is less than 0.5.
  • the speeds of the primary and secondary gas flows are sonic at the height of the edge.
  • the distribution of the liquid droplets is not optimal and can in certain cases lead to the formation of a long and slightly smoky flame in its center, which reflects poor combustion of the atomized liquid, due to an air defect along the axis of the spray.
  • injectors of a conventional type it is possible to adjust the distribution of the liquid droplets within the jet by varying various parameters. So with mechanical sprayers you can vary the dimensions of the gyration chamber or modify the turbulence of the jet. Similarly, with pneumatic sprayers, use may be made of a diffuser constituted by a suitable nozzle on the sprayer and pierced with calibrated holes inclined at a determined angle relative to the axis of the sprayer.
  • the Applicant has established that a simple and easy to implement means for obtaining an adequate distribution of the liquid droplets, without altering the quality of the spraying carried out by these devices with annular sheet of liquid, consists in placing at least one obstacle in through a part of the sheet of liquid, this obstacle having the effect of tearing this sheet locally and creating a discontinuity there, which modifies the trajectory of the droplets.
  • the problem to be solved in this case is not the same as for a heavy fuel oil sprayer, where the pressure in the spraying zone is less than 3 bar absolute and even, in general, less than 2 bar absolute.
  • the ratio of the total mass of gas to the total mass of liquid will be less than 0.5.
  • this device will comprise a plurality of obstacles distributed regularly with respect to the direction of flow of the flow of the liquid.
  • These obstacles may be constituted by planar legs projecting downstream from the annular wall shaped as an edge, substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the droplets.
  • the orientation of these legs will be adjustable.
  • the tabs forming an obstacle may be carried by the same crown fixed, for example, by screwing to the downstream end of the device.
  • the obstacles placed on the route sprayed droplets will permanently tear the droplet sheet into several separate jets which will not come together, further downstream, in a single jet.
  • the obstacles arranged in a plane transverse to the direction of flow of these droplets occupy part of the cross section of the droplet sheet less than 20 % and preferably 10% of this cross section.
  • the device according to the invention In its application to the spraying of heavy and viscous liquid fuels, with a view to their combustion in a chamber where the pressure is less than 3 bars, preferably 2 bars, the device according to the invention has proved to be particularly useful, because it appreciably reduces the amount of unburnt matter and the fumes from combustion. Surprisingly, in this use, the device according to the invention also produces much less polluting products, in particular nitrogen oxides.
  • the sprayer 1 shown in the drawings and intended to equip an oven for the combustion of heavy fuel oil is incorporated in an external body 2 of cylindrical section, secured to a cane, not shown, fixing everything to the wall of the oven.
  • All the parts of the injector are parts of revolution around the axis AA '.
  • the tube 3 is the main tube for supplying water vapor to the sprayer, via the internal cylindrical channel 9 of the tube 3, connected to a source of steam not shown.
  • the external wall 10 of the tube 3 and the internal wall 11 of the external body 2 constitute an annular channel 12 for supplying heavy fuel, connected to a source of heavy fuel, not shown.
  • the channel 9 supplies water vapor to a central cylindrical internal chamber 13, arranged in the central body 4.
  • cylindrical channels 14 In the central body 4 are provided cylindrical channels 14, the inlets 16 of which are arranged at the entrance to the chamber 13 and the outlets 17 of which open into an annular chamber 18 arranged in the distributor 5.
  • the channels 14 not visible on the sections have not been shown in broken lines, as is customary.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are also provided cylindrical channels 19, the inlets 20 of which are arranged at the downstream end of the chamber 13 and the outlets 21 open into inlets 22 of corresponding cylindrical channels 23, arranged in the distributor 6, by means of a groove 21 'forming an annular distribution channel.
  • annular channel 23 ' formed by a portion of the internal wall of the end piece 7 and of the internal wall 32' of the distributor 6 forming the edge with the external wall 32 of said distributor.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are further arranged cylindrical channels 24, only two of which have been shown for clarity, the inlets 25 of which are located at the end of the channel 12 and the outlets 26 of which open into an annular channel 27 .
  • the walls of this channel are constituted by a bevelled portion 28 of the body 4 and by a portion of the internal wall 29 of the distributor 5.
  • the channel 27 is extended by an annular channel 30, the walls of which are constituted by a portion of the internal wall 31 of the external body 2 and a portion of the external wall 32 of the distributor 6, which constitutes the edge on which the liquid prefilm, which can be smooth or serrated.
  • the channel 30 is extended by a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • the channel 33 is in the form of a venturi, part of the kinetic energy of the gas is transformed into pressure.
  • the annular chamber 18 is connected to the channel 30 by cylindrical channels 36, arranged in the distributor 5 and extended by an annular channel 38, constituted by a portion 37 of the exterior wall of the distributor 5 and a portion 39 of the interior wall of the body external 2.
  • the heavy fuel is brought through the annular channel 12, the cylindrical channels 24, the annular channel 27 to the annular channel 30.
  • the fuel film formed by the action of the flow of primary peripheral water vapor internally receives a flow of secondary peripheral water vapor. This comes from chamber 13, via inputs 20, channels 19 and 23.
  • the heavy fuel oil is thus finely divided in the annular channel 33 and sprayed into fine droplets at the outlet of the latter.
  • a crown 40 carrying four tabs 41 distributed in a regular manner with respect to the axis AA and arranged in projection opposite the orifice of the annular channel 33.
  • the tabs 41 are arranged transversely to the sheet of droplets of sprayed liquid. As indicated above, these tabs 41 advantageously occupy less than 20% and, preferably, less than 10% of the cross section of the droplet sheet and they tear it into four separate jets, which do not reform into a single sheet downstream of these legs.
  • the width l of the legs is 1.5 mm and 2 mm depending on the type of device.
  • the exit angle of the jet relative to the axis AA ' is 30 °.
  • the spraying test was carried out using an oil having a density, at 15 ° C, of 850 kg / m 3 (measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 60-101) and a viscosity of 300 mm 2 / s, at 20 ° C, (measured according to AFNOR NFT 60-100 standard).
  • the oil flow rate was 200 kg / h and the pressure 6.10 5 pascals.
  • Nitrogen was used as auxiliary fluid at a mass rate of 0.2 relative to the oil, the nitrogen pressure being 6.10 5 pascals.
  • the diameter of the droplets at the outlet of the sprayer was 85.10 -3 mm and was not affected by the presence of obstacles 41.
  • the spraying operating pressure was also very little affected by the presence of obstacles.
  • the liquid flow rate expressed in kg / m 2 s, was measured as a function of the distance from the spray axis, at 25 cm and 50 cm respectively. slot 33 of the sprayer.
  • the curve C 1 relates to the injector without obstacles 41
  • the curve C 2 relates to the injector equipped with four obstacles 41 made up of legs 1.5 mm wide
  • the curve C 3 relates to the injector equipped with four obstacles made up of legs 2 mm wide.
  • Curve C 4 relates to a conventional injector used in industry. This control injector is different from that described in application No. 90.06447 and does not include a breakwater, but includes a diffuser as indicated above (page 3, lines 3-6).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens eines Hilfsfluids, wie eines Gases, wobei in dem Verfahren folgendes enthalten ist:
    - ein ringförmiger Flüssigkeitsfluß,
    - ein ringförmiger Fluß eines Primärgases,
    - ein ringförmiger Fluß eines Sekundärgases, das mit dem vorherigen identisch oder nicht identisch ist,
    wobei das Verfahren besteht aus:
    a) dem Leiten des Flüssigkeitsflusses in das Innere des Flusses des Primärgases in dessen Strömungsrichtung,
    b) dem Ausbilden eines dünnen, ringförmigen Films der Flüssigkeit, indem die koaxialen Flüsse der Flüssigkeit und des Primärgases auf dem Umfang eines Rings geführt werden, von dem eines der freien Enden in Form einer Kante ausgebildet ist,
    c) dem Zerstäuben der Flüssigkeit am Ende der Kante durch kombinierte Einwirkung des Flusses des Primärgases und des Flusses des Sekundärgases, welches innerhalb des Ringes in der selben Richtung strömt wie der Flüssigkeitsfluß und der Fluß des Primärgases,
    wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß stromab des als Kante ausgebildeten Endes der Mantel zerstäubter Tröpfchen mittels wenigstens eines Hindernisses, das quer zum Flüssigkeitsfluß angeordnet ist, in mehrere getrennte Strahlen zerteilt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Gesamtmasse des Gases zur Gesamtmasse der Flüssigkeit kleiner als 0,5 ist.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zerstäubung in einer Kammer durchgeführt wird, in der der Druck niedriger als 3 bar, vorzugsweise als 2 bar, ist.
  4. Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung eines Flüssigkeitsflusses mittels mindestens eines Hilfsfluids, wie eines Gases, zur Durchführung des obigen Verfahrens, zur Ausbildung:
    - eines ringförmigen Flüssigkeitsflusses,
    - eines ringförmigen Flusses eines Primärgases,
    - eines ringförmigen Flusses eines Sekundärgases, das mit dem vorherigen identisch oder nicht identisch ist,
    wobei die Vorrichtung aufweist:
    a) wenigstens eine Zuführungsleitung (24) für die Flüssigkeit in einen ersten ringförmigen Flüssigkeitskanal (27),
    b) wenigstens eine Zuführungsleitung (14) für das Primärgas in einen zweiten ringförmigen Kanal für das Primärgas,
    c) wenigstens eine Zuführungsleitung (19) für das Sekundärgas in einen dritten ringförmigen Kanal (23') für das Sekundärgas, wobei die Ausgänge der ringförmigen Kanäle vom Äußeren in Richtung des Inneren der Vorrichtung in gleicher Weise angeordnet sind wie der Ausgang des ersten Kanals und der Ausgang des zweiten Kanals (38), die gemeinsam in einen vierten ringförmigen Kanal (30) münden, der das Gemisch aus Flüssigkeit und Primärgas zum Ausgang des dritten Kanals (23') leitet, wobei das Gemisch der Flüssigkeit und des Primär- und Sekundärgases über einen fünften ringförmigen Kanal (33), der gegebenenfalls als Venturirohr ausgebildet ist, aus der Vorrichtung geführt wird, wobei die Innenwand des vierten ringförmigen Kanals (30) als Kante ausgebildet ist,
    wobei die Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß sie stromab der ringförmigen Wand, welche als Kante ausgebildet ist, wenigstens ein Hindernis (41) aufweist, das quer zum Flüssigkeitsfluß angeordnet ist, das geeignet ist, dem Durchgang der zerstäubten Tröpfchen örtlich entgegenzuwirken.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mehrere Hindernisse (41) aufweist, die gleichmäßig in der Strömung des Flüssigkeitsflusses verteilt sind.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hindernisse (41) an einem an dem Gehäuse der Vorrichtungen angeordneten Kranz vorgesehen sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hindernisse (41) eine bezüglich des Flusses der zerstäubten Tröpfchen einstellbare Ausrichtung haben.
EP93401556A 1992-06-19 1993-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum Expired - Lifetime EP0575254B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9207491A FR2692502B1 (fr) 1992-06-19 1992-06-19 Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire.
FR9207491 1992-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0575254A1 EP0575254A1 (de) 1993-12-22
EP0575254B1 true EP0575254B1 (de) 1996-09-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93401556A Expired - Lifetime EP0575254B1 (de) 1992-06-19 1993-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit mittels mindestens einem Hilfsfluidum

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0575254B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE143121T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69304813T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0575254T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2092253T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2692502B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3021189T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10002005A1 (de) 2000-01-19 2001-08-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zerstäubungsdüse
GB0219461D0 (en) 2002-08-21 2002-09-25 Rolls Royce Plc Fuel injection arrangement
CN101884962B (zh) * 2010-07-09 2013-05-08 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 不堵塞、无气阻的锥面气雾喷嘴及锥面气雾形成方法
CN114160324A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-03-11 北京清新环境技术股份有限公司 雾化喷嘴

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1163607B (de) * 1960-08-04 1964-02-20 Rolls Royce Doppel-Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer Gasturbinenstrahltriebwerke
US1828463A (en) * 1929-12-06 1931-10-20 Morgan J Hammers Means for restricting atomized fluid discharge
DE664774C (de) * 1936-05-08 1938-09-03 Kurt Schuetz Zerstaeuberduese fuer Strahlrohre
US2775482A (en) * 1952-10-02 1956-12-25 Berthoud & Cie Means for distributing liquids very finely
US3029863A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-04-17 Edgar S Downs Liquid fuel burning heater
US3302399A (en) * 1964-11-13 1967-02-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Hollow conical fuel spray nozzle for pressurized combustion apparatus
FR2662377B1 (fr) * 1990-05-23 1994-06-03 Total France Procede et dispositif de pulverisation de liquide, ainsi que leurs applications.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69304813D1 (de) 1996-10-24
DK0575254T3 (da) 1996-10-07
FR2692502B1 (fr) 1995-03-31
DE69304813T2 (de) 1997-02-06
ATE143121T1 (de) 1996-10-15
GR3021189T3 (en) 1996-12-31
FR2692502A1 (fr) 1993-12-24
EP0575254A1 (de) 1993-12-22
ES2092253T3 (es) 1996-11-16

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