EP0421903B1 - Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners und Brenner für Drehofen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners und Brenner für Drehofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0421903B1
EP0421903B1 EP90430017A EP90430017A EP0421903B1 EP 0421903 B1 EP0421903 B1 EP 0421903B1 EP 90430017 A EP90430017 A EP 90430017A EP 90430017 A EP90430017 A EP 90430017A EP 0421903 B1 EP0421903 B1 EP 0421903B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner
axial
primary
annular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90430017A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0421903B2 (de
EP0421903A2 (de
EP0421903A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Collenbusch
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Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
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Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
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Application filed by Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA filed Critical Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
Publication of EP0421903A2 publication Critical patent/EP0421903A2/de
Publication of EP0421903A3 publication Critical patent/EP0421903A3/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of operating a burner for a rotary tube furnace, in which fuels and primary air are supplied concentrically.
  • the present invention also relates to a burner for a rotary tubular furnace equipped with a burner nozzle equipped with fuel and primary air ducts, which are arranged substantially concentric to each other, which primary air comprises air rotated and air flowing axially.
  • This known burner comprises, in addition to a central fuel supply for oil, another fuel supply arranged concentrically thereto for pulverized coal or any other similar fuel.
  • this arrival of solid fuel is between two primary air streams, one of which is the central stream, is rotated or swirled, that is to say that 'It has a component in tangential or peripheral direction and the other of which, which is external, has an essentially axial flow speed in order to stabilize the flame which penetrates far into the rotary kiln.
  • the known burner has in its center an inlet for liquid fuel, generally oil.
  • the liquid fuel is sprayed into fine droplets by means of a nozzle and mixes after it leaves the central opening of the nozzle with primary air, which leaves the swirling air outlet opening, which opening is located radially around the central opening.
  • Known burners are usually operated with a proportion of primary air between 8% and 25% of the total amount of combustion air.
  • the power of the burner is adjusted, that is to say the running speed by a respective reduction or increase in the fuel and the air supply in a determined adjustment range, in which the minimum adjustable speed to obtain a stable flame is approximately 20 to 25% of the maximum possible pace.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a burner for a rotary tubular oven and also a burner intended for implementing this method, which can operate with greater efficiency. low proportion of primary air and have a greater range for adjusting the operating speed.
  • combustion begins at a greater distance in front of the center of the burner nozzle in comparison with known methods and burners.
  • the central zone is sent either directly around the central fuel supply duct and / or radially inside the annular fuel supply duct, qualifying the said central zone as dead.
  • combustion begins at a greater distance in front of the center of the burner nozzle in comparison with known methods and burners.
  • the resulting flame has a central zone which extends forward and radially, in which practically no significant combustion of the fuel takes place. with the oxygen in the air.
  • a small flow of primary air in this central area which is however below 20% and preferably below 10% of the total primary air, prevents such a backward flow of the products of the combustion, without providing a lot of oxygen which would decrease the central area rich in fuel.
  • a particular advantage of the reduced primary air consumption lies in the energy saving which is associated therewith for an equal performance in addition and also in the reduction of the proportion of nitrogen oxides in the combustion gases.
  • the objective of the invention is achieved in that the inlet openings for the swirling air and the axial air are located outside the openings for the supply of the combustible and that the minimum radial distance from the center of the burner nozzle of the outlets of the swirling air and the axial air is at least twice the radius of a central orifice of the flame stabilizer.
  • the flame stabilizer has a flange which surrounds a central opening, and which is located in the center of the burner nozzle and preferably at the end of a nozzle holder for oil. It helps to form and stabilize the flame.
  • the flame stabilizer which overflows in a radial direction with respect to the central nozzle holder for oil, thus provides a sufficient radial distance from the other annular openings for primary air and / or other fuels which are located radially to the exterior of the flame stabilizer.
  • the radii of the central opening of the flame stabilizer and the annular opening for the innermost primary primary air stream are chosen, so that the interior primary air stream is at a distance from the center of the nozzle which corresponds to at least twice the central opening of the flame stabilizer.
  • the central opening of the flame stabilizer corresponds substantially to the orifice of the nozzle of the central fuel conduit.
  • annular duct for solid and / or gaseous fuel arranged radially inside the primary air duct and radially outside. of the flame stabilizer.
  • primary air duct generally refers to the major part of the primary air which is supplied axially or in swirling form and must not include the small proportion of primary air (central air) which is supplied in the central area of the flame to prevent the return of combustion products.
  • openings are provided in the flame stabilizer, outside the central opening.
  • outlet opening of the axial air stream is as far outward as possible in the radial direction and that it has, in addition, an external edge which projects beyond axially.
  • This outer ring contributes to a better constancy of the axial direction of the air, so that the combustion is improved and the flame is stabilized.
  • the annular ducts for the supply of primary air and / or solid or gaseous fuel have conical walls and these walls as well as the concentric tubes connected to them are axially displaceable relative to one another. the other, so that one can thus adjust the free cross section of the annular passage.
  • each duct is cylindrical in order to avoid a divergent flow parallel to the direction of the conical walls.
  • radial partitions intended for the axial orientation and the circulation of the primary air in separate channels, which are arranged on a ring and which extend essentially in the axial direction.
  • partitions contribute to an additional axial orientation of the corresponding primary air and also increase the axial outlet speed, by the fact that they reduce the free section of the annular duct and that they divide it into a plurality of individual channels arranged all around a ring.
  • some of these channels are closed at least in part or are adjustable.
  • the partitions may for example be made wide enough in the peripheral direction so that they close off a channel at least in part or that they correspond to a closed channel.
  • the axial flow speed of the air is thus increased, which further contributes to stabilizing the flame.
  • the flame stabilizer is offset rearward in an axial direction relative to the outlet openings of the main part of the primary air and solid or gaseous fuels. This can be achieved, for example, by attaching the flame stabilizer to the shell tube of the burner rod, which is axially displaceable, which tube is axially offset accordingly.
  • a line 22 derives from this main primary air line and this branch ends in a tube which concentrically surrounds the envelope tube of the burner rod 10 ′.
  • a tube 23 which is intended for supplying pulverized solid fuels, generally pulverized coal, is connected to the annular conduit 5 ′ visible in FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • the concentric tubes 10 ", 11", 4 “, 5", 15 “and 19", which are engaged one in the other, have different lengths.
  • the tubes placed more inside protrude axially towards the rear of the tubes situated more outside, so that, as can be seen in FIG. 1, adjustment devices 33, 34, 35 can be put in place. which allow relative axial displacement of the tubes relative to each other.
  • the individual tubes are connected to each other by means of deformable bellows.
  • a control unit 30 is used for monitoring and controlling the primary air flows.
  • FIG. 2a represents a longitudinal section and FIG. 2b a partial front view of a burner nozzle which is designed to operate exclusively with a fuel, for example oil, arriving in the center.
  • a fuel for example oil
  • the flame stabilizer 3 which is located at the end of the tube 10 ′, which envelops the nozzle holder rod of the oil burner and which projects clearly in the radial direction relative to the opening of the nozzle guarantees that the opening 4 of the following annular supply duct 4 ′ opens at a considerable radial distance from the central opening 2 of the flame stabilizer.
  • the radial distance D of the annular opening 4 relative to the axis of the burner is more than three times the radius d of the opening 2.
  • the corresponding distances are indicated in FIG. 4, in which the D / d ratio is even greater.
  • the zone situated essentially in front of the flame stabilizer constitutes a central dead zone 20 which is outside the central fuel stream and clearly inside the main inlet for primary air leaving the annular openings 4 and 5.
  • This dead zone can extend in the axial direction up to a multiple of the diameter of the flame stabilizer. A mixture of primary combustion air and sufficient fuel for flame formation occurs only outside of this central dead zone.
  • the flame stabilizer 3 has a flange-shaped hub surrounding a central orifice 2. This hub has small openings 13. The outer face of the hub, that is to say the front face, carries fins 12 which guide the low proportion of primary air leaving the openings 13.
  • the external supply duct 5 ' has at its end conical walls 6, which diverge outwards.
  • partitions 6 ' which have a longitudinal section of triangular shape. These triangular walls are juxtaposed along a common side which is parallel to the axis of the burner and which is placed at the same radial distance from this axis as the external wall of the duct 5 '.
  • FIG. 2b shows a front view of the front edges of the partitions 6 '.
  • the partitions 6 ′ may also have in the peripheral direction a width sufficient to correspond to the parts situated between the channels 5 shown in FIG. 2. These parts can also be considered as closed channels 5.
  • the supply duct 4 ′ comprises, in front of the conical end, a device 14 for swirling the air, that is to say for rotating around the axis of the burner.
  • This device consists essentially of air guide fins which are oriented obliquely to the axis of the burner.
  • the distance between the conical walls 7 of the conduit 4 ' can be varied, so that the cross section of the conduit 4' can thus be modified.
  • the end part of the duct 4 ′ in the region of the opening 4 is however again cylindrical in order to avoid a diverging flow of the swirling air leaving this opening.
  • edge 8 which projects forward in the axial direction, provides an axial outlet direction for the axial air stream.
  • FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of the burner nozzle which differs from the embodiment represented in FIG. 2 essentially by the presence of an additional duct 15 ′, for solid pulverulent fuels, which is located between the stabilizer of flame 3 and the swirling primary air duct 4 '.
  • FIG. 4 represents an embodiment comprising, in place of the conduit 15 'for solid fuel, another conduit 19' for a gaseous fuel, the end section of which can be conical, as for the conduit 4 ', and which may also include a device for swirling the gas leaving this pipe.
  • the end section of the conduit 19 ' has a cylindrical shape in the region of the opening 19, in order to avoid a divergence of the gaseous fuel which leaves it.
  • FIG. 5 represents an embodiment which comprises both a supply duct 15 ′ for solid fuels and a duct 19 ′ for gaseous fuels.
  • Conduits 4 'and 5' for the main proportion of primary air in the form of swirling air and air having an axial direction are arranged outside these two fuel conduits in the radial direction.
  • the internal edge of the opening 15, by which a significant part of the primary combustion air can enter the burner in the form of solid fuel transport gas is at a distance D 'from the axis of the burner, which is more than twice the radius d of l opening 2 of the flame stabilizer, so that, in all cases, the center of the flame is guaranteed to have a sufficiently large dead zone, which provides the advantageous properties of the present invention.
  • a burner and a method of operating a burner intended for equipping a rotary tube furnace have been created, which allow a reduced proportion of primary air and a greater adjustment range of the burner, which leads to lower energy consumption and a reduction in the formation of nitrogen oxides harmful to the environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners für Drehrohröfen, in die Brennstoffe und Primärverbrennungsluft konzentrisch in mindestens zwei Leitungen zugeführt werden, wobei die Primärluft selbst durch mindestens zwei Ringleitungen (4', 5') eingeleitet wird, nämlich durch die eine in Form eines Wirbelluftstroms mit in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Strömungskomponenten und durch die andere in Form eines axialen Luftstroms mit im wesentlichen axialen Strömungskomponenten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
- die Leitungen (4', 5') für die Primärluftströme, die in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende bzw. axiale Komponenten aufweisen, radial außerhalb jeder Brennstoffleitung angeordnet werden;
- in den zentralen Bereich (20) entweder direkt um die zentrale Brennstoffzuführleitung (2) herum und/oder radial innerhalb der Brennstoffzuführringleitung (15, 19) höchstens eine kleine Menge an Primärluft von maximal 20 % der Gesamtmenge an Primärluft derart eingebracht wird, daß es in diesem zentralen Bereich zu keiner nennenswerten Verbrennung des Brennstoffs kommt, wodurch dieser zentrale Bereich (2) zum toten Bereich wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Menge an Primärluft von unter 10 % der Gesamtmenge an Primärluft, einschließlich jegliches Trägergases für einen festen Brennstoff, in den zentralen toten Bereich (20) eingeleitet wird.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil an Primärverbrennungsluft zwischen 2 % und 10 % der gesamten Verbrennungsluft, vorzugsweise unter 6 %, beträgt.
4. Brenner für einen Drehrohrofen mit einer Brennerdüse, welche mit im wesentlichen konzentrischen Brennstoffzuführleitungen und Leitungen für Primärverbrennungsluft, umfassend Axialluft und in Drehung versetzte Luft, versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsöffnungen (4, 5) für die in Drehung versetzte Luft und für die Axialluft radial außerhalb der Austrittsöffnungen (10, 15, 19) für die Brennstoffe angeordnet sind und daß der radiale Minimalabstand der Austrittsöffnungen (4, 5) des Hauptteils der Primärluft in bezug auf den Mittelpunkt der Düse des Brenners (1) mindestens zweimal so groß wie der Radius der zentralen Öffnung (2) eines Flammenstabilisators (3) ist.
5. Brenner nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine ringförmige Austrittsöffnung (15, 19) für feste und/oder gasförmige Brennstoffe aufweist, die sich radial innerhalb der Austrittsöffnungen (4, 5) für in Drehung versetzte Primärluft und für Axialluft und außerhalb des Flammenstabilisators (3) befindet.
6. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flammenstabilisator (3) am vorderen Ende eines zentralen Öldüsenträgers angeordnet ist.
7. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flammenstabilisator (3) Öffnungen (13) für den Durchtritt eines kleinen Teils an Primärverbrennungsluft aufweist, die außerhalb der zentralen Öffnung (2) vorgesehen sind.
8. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsöffnung (5) für Axialluft radial so weit außen wie möglich vorgesehen ist und einen axial nach vorne überstehenden Außenrand (8) hat.
9. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführringleitungen oberhalb ihrer Austrittsöffnung (4, 5, 15, 19) relativ zueinander axial verschiebbare konische Wandabschnitte (6, 7, 16, 17) aufweisen.
10. Brenner nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest manche der Zuführringleitungen einen zylindrischen Endabschnitt (9) mindestens einer Wand (6, 7, 16, 17) jeder der Zuführleitungen aufweisen, welcher sich zwischen dem konischen Wandabschnitt und der ringförmigen Austrittsöffnung befindet.
11. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringkanal (5') für die Axialluft im konischen Bereich (6) Zwischenwände (6') für die Zufuhr und axiale Ausrichtung der Primärluft in kranzförmig angeordneten und sich axial erstreckenden getrennten Kanälen aufweist.
12. Brenner nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Ringdurchtritts (5) für die Axialluft oder die entsprechenden, kranzförmig angeordneten Kanäle zumindest teilweise verschlossen oder verschließbar sind.
13. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Summe der freien Durchtrittsquerschnitte der axialen Kanäle im wesentlichen kleiner als der Querschnitt der Ringleitung (5') für die in axialer Richtung strömende Primärluft ist.
14. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flammenstabilisator (4) in bezug auf die Austrittsöffnungen (4, 5, 15, 19) der Rotationsluft, der Axialluft und/oder der festen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffe axial zurückversetzt ist.
EP90430017A 1989-10-04 1990-09-14 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners und Brenner für Drehofen Expired - Lifetime EP0421903B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3933050A DE3933050C2 (de) 1989-10-04 1989-10-04 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners für Drehrohröfen und Brenner hierfür
DE3933050 1989-10-04

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0421903A2 EP0421903A2 (de) 1991-04-10
EP0421903A3 EP0421903A3 (en) 1991-10-02
EP0421903B1 true EP0421903B1 (de) 1994-12-14
EP0421903B2 EP0421903B2 (de) 1998-09-23

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ID=6390771

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EP90430017A Expired - Lifetime EP0421903B2 (de) 1989-10-04 1990-09-14 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners und Brenner für Drehofen

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EP (1) EP0421903B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE115706T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2026857A1 (de)
DE (1) DE3933050C2 (de)
DK (1) DK0421903T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2066179T5 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998040668A1 (en) 1997-03-07 1998-09-17 F L Smidth & Co. A/S Method and burner for introducing fuel to a kiln
US6315551B1 (en) 2000-05-08 2001-11-13 Entreprise Generale De Chauffage Industriel Pillard Burners having at least three air feed ducts, including an axial air duct and a rotary air duct concentric with at least one fuel feed, and a central stabilizer
CN106568081A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2017-04-19 扬州新建水泥技术装备有限公司 一种新型燃烧器

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19504667B4 (de) * 1995-02-13 2005-01-05 Schwenk Zement Kg Brenneranlage für Zementöfen
FR2772887B1 (fr) 1997-12-24 2000-03-17 Pillard Chauffage Bruleur a faible emission d'oxyde d'azote avec circuit de gaz recycle
FR2772888B1 (fr) 1997-12-24 2000-03-10 Pillard Chauffage Amelioration aux bruleurs a combustible solide
FR2780489B1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 2000-09-08 Pillard Chauffage Perfectionnement aux bruleurs comportant au moins trois conduits d'alimentation en air, dont deux axial et en rotation, concentriques avec au moins une alimentation-en combustible, et un stabilisateur central
FR2792393B1 (fr) 1999-04-16 2001-06-29 Pillard Chauffage Bruleur a plusieurs combustibles
FR2803022A1 (fr) 1999-12-28 2001-06-29 Pillard Chauffage Procede d'installation d'alimentation en air d'un bruleur a combustible solide et pulverise
IT1316825B1 (it) * 2000-03-22 2003-05-12 Italcementi Spa Dispositivo per l'iniezione di combustibili solidi in formapolverizzata in un forno da cemento
FR2823290B1 (fr) 2001-04-06 2006-08-18 Air Liquide Procede de combustion comportant des injections separees de combustible et d oxydant et ensemble bruleur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
DE10140422C1 (de) * 2001-08-17 2002-11-28 Eisenmann Kg Maschbau Thermische Nachverbrennungsvorrichtung
FR2851032B1 (fr) 2003-02-06 2005-11-11 Pillard Chauffage Perfectionnement au bruleur comportant un stabilisateur de flamme et au moins deux conduits d'air primaire, axial et en rotation, concentriques autour d'au moins une alimentation en combustible
FR2919043A1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-23 Pillard Chauffage Bruleur comportant une conduite annulaire d'alimentation en air
FR2930626B1 (fr) * 2008-04-28 2010-05-21 Fives Pillard Bruleur a points peripheriques d'injection d'air a flux axial
DE202008009650U1 (de) * 2008-07-18 2009-11-26 Ammann Schweiz Ag Mehrstoff-Brenner
CN113203283B (zh) * 2021-04-26 2022-04-22 中国科学院力学研究所 一种水泥回转窑富氧风铲式窑头分级燃烧装置与方法
FR3144646A1 (fr) * 2022-12-28 2024-07-05 Fives Pillard Bruleur a precombustion

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2905746C2 (de) * 1979-02-15 1985-11-07 Pillard Feuerungen GmbH, 6204 Taunusstein Brenner für feinkörnige Festbrennstoffe und deren Kombination mit flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen
CA1204999A (en) * 1981-04-08 1986-05-27 Edward J. Campobenedetto Low nox multifuel burner

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998040668A1 (en) 1997-03-07 1998-09-17 F L Smidth & Co. A/S Method and burner for introducing fuel to a kiln
US6315551B1 (en) 2000-05-08 2001-11-13 Entreprise Generale De Chauffage Industriel Pillard Burners having at least three air feed ducts, including an axial air duct and a rotary air duct concentric with at least one fuel feed, and a central stabilizer
CN106568081A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2017-04-19 扬州新建水泥技术装备有限公司 一种新型燃烧器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0421903B2 (de) 1998-09-23
ATE115706T1 (de) 1994-12-15
EP0421903A2 (de) 1991-04-10
DE3933050C2 (de) 2000-06-15
EP0421903A3 (en) 1991-10-02
CA2026857A1 (en) 1991-04-05
ES2066179T3 (es) 1995-03-01
DK0421903T3 (da) 1995-05-15
DE3933050A1 (de) 1991-04-11
ES2066179T5 (es) 1999-01-01

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