EP0200644B1 - Verfahren zur Verbrennung von fliessfähigen Brennstoffen und Wirbelbrenner zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verbrennung von fliessfähigen Brennstoffen und Wirbelbrenner zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0200644B1
EP0200644B1 EP86400901A EP86400901A EP0200644B1 EP 0200644 B1 EP0200644 B1 EP 0200644B1 EP 86400901 A EP86400901 A EP 86400901A EP 86400901 A EP86400901 A EP 86400901A EP 0200644 B1 EP0200644 B1 EP 0200644B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner
combustion
tertiary air
diameter
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Expired
Application number
EP86400901A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0200644A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Flament
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Charbonnages de France CDF
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Charbonnages de France CDF
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Priority to AT86400901T priority Critical patent/ATE45621T1/de
Publication of EP0200644A1 publication Critical patent/EP0200644A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0200644B1 publication Critical patent/EP0200644B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the combustion of fluid fuels, such as coal pulverized in suspension in air, and a combustion device with a turbulence burner adapted to the implementation of this method;
  • turbulence burners designates burners in which a fluid fuel, such as coal pulverized in suspension in a stream of primary air, is introduced into a hearth by means of a nozzle and in which secondary air, necessary for the combustion of the fuel, is rotated around the end of the nozzle, for example by means of deflector flaps commonly called louvers.
  • a fluid fuel such as coal pulverized in suspension in a stream of primary air
  • secondary air necessary for the combustion of the fuel
  • this type of burner can in certain cases pose problems difficult to solve in order to obtain a flame which is stable and which is not excessively cooled by radiation towards the walls of the hearth and by recirculation of the external gases in the flame, with the consequence of a reduction in the combustion efficiency.
  • the flame obtained extends over a relatively large diameter and it may be desirable to confine it in as small a volume as possible, especially if the burner is used in a stove of reduced dimensions, such as a drum dryer. .
  • the walls of such a chamber can be brought to a temperature which causes both their fouling by the bonding of hot ash particles and their rapid deterioration, despite the use of refractory materials.
  • Also known from document FR-A-1 057 305 is a fuel combustion device comprising an elongated combustion chamber at the base of which the fuel and rotating secondary air are injected.
  • a complementary supply of combustion air is made tangentially in rotation at the base of the wall of the combustion chamber, through an annular slot opening radially.
  • the combustion chamber is of reduced section to prevent combustion gases from returning to the chamber.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a combustion method and a combustion device implementing this method, which make it possible to avoid the above drawbacks and therefore to carry out a substantially complete combustion of the fuel in a flame of great stability. and of limited volume, avoiding deposits of solid matter on the walls of the chamber and the hearth.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a combustion device which can operate without additional fuel and without preheating the combustion air, that is to say in which the flame stability is independent of the conditions imposed by the combustion chamber.
  • the subject of the invention is a combustion process according to which a fluid fuel formed from pulverized coal mixed with primary air is injected along an axis, secondary air is introduced through the neck of a burner along a helical path around said axis, and tertiary air is injected around the combustible fluid and secondary air in a coaxial ring which is substantially continuous circumferentially and laterally confined downstream of the injection by the wall of a coaxial combustion chamber, characterized in that this cold tertiary air is injected in substantially the same direction as the combustible fluid, and in that this tertiary air opens out along said wall, which has a constant diameter and extends downstream over a length of between 0.2 and 1 times its diameter.
  • the tertiary air flow must be of the same order of magnitude as the secondary air flow because its function is to create a cold air jacket between the jet of gas in combustion and the wall of the combustion chamber so that combustion can take place in this chamber without damaging the walls.
  • this cold tertiary air jacket must cool the ash particles in the vicinity of the wall and prevent them from coming into contact with this wall and sticking to it.
  • This parietal cold air flow also has. ment a cooling effect of the wall which will be beneficial for the holding thereof. This flow prevents in particular the recirculation of combustion gases laden with particles between this air and this wall.
  • the length of the combustion chamber is sufficient to allow most of the combustion to take place there and at least to allow stable attachment of the flame regardless of the conditions and geometry of the space in which the burner leads.
  • a substantially adiabatic enclosure is thus produced from the fuel injection point in which the flame is stabilized and 10qa most of the combustion carried out.
  • the quantity of tertiary air required to protect the walls of the combustion chamber can be such that, if it is desired to keep an overall excess of air not too high (ie an air factor less than 1.6), it is necessary to operate in the event of an air fault before injecting the air.
  • This is not necessarily necessary but can be accepted advantageously because a sub-stoichiometric combustion in its first phase can be beneficial both from the point of view of inflammation when it is not favored elsewhere (cold combustion air , fuel difficult to ignite) only from the point of view of NO x emissions which will be reduced in this case.
  • This sub-stoichiometric combustion will even generally be necessary when working under conditions making ignition difficult, that is to say for example: cold combustion air (especially in winter), coarse particle size, fuel with low content volatile matter, very ashy or humid fuel.
  • the “swirl number” of the flow produced by the primary and secondary air is moderate (0.3 to 2) but sufficient to create an internal recirculation zone of hot burnt gases which allows heating and therefore rapid ignition of the fuel. as soon as it comes into contact with secondary air.
  • the invention also proposes a combustion device comprising a turbulence burner and a coaxial cylindrical combustion chamber which extends downstream, suitable for implementing the method, this burner comprising a pipe for the supply of fluid. fuel and primary air along an axis (XX), a supply device for injecting secondary air through the burner neck following a helical path around said axis and a device located near the wall of the combustion chamber for the injection of tertiary air in a ring around said axis, characterized in that the tertiary air injection device is adapted to inject this tertiary air substantially parallel to the direction of fuel injection and in that, the combustion chamber being connected to the neck of the burner by a frustoconical opening in refractory material, the wall of this chamber extends downstream of the opening over a length of between 0.2 and 1 time its diameter.
  • this tertiary air injection device is in a plane perpendicular to the axis located at a distance from the nose of the burner of between 0.5 and 1.5 times the diameter of the neck of the burner and has a diameter between 1.8 and 3.6 times the diameter of the burner neck.
  • the burner neck is connected to the combustion chamber by a frustoconical opening in refractory material resistant to a temperature of 1400 ° C with a half-angle at the top advantageously between 10 and 35 °.
  • the device for injecting tertiary air can be constituted by any means capable of creating a continuous air curtain between the flame and the combustion chamber. According to one embodiment, it consists of an annular slot placed in a plane perpendicular to the axis, which may optionally include a grid pierced with holes or made of porous material, which allows this air to be better distributed.
  • it is constituted by a multiplicity of nozzles opening substantially parallel to the axis or in the vicinity of the periphery of the combustion chamber.
  • the number of these nozzles, when they are cylindrical, must be high (greater than or equal to 16, for example) so that the air curtain formed is continuous.
  • the free spacing between the axes of two consecutive nozzles must be limited, that is to say preferably less than 2 times their diameter.
  • the single figure appended hereto represents, by way of nonlimiting example, a schematic view in longitudinal section of a burner according to the invention.
  • This burner is of the turbulence type.
  • it includes a device for injecting a fluid fuel such as, for example, pulverized coal suspended in a stream of primary air as well as a device for injecting secondary air suitable for injecting l secondary air along a helical path around the fluid fuel.
  • first pipe 1 for supplying the fluid fuel into an annular duct 2 oriented along an axis XX and terminated by an injection nozzle 3.
  • This annular duct 2 is delimited internally by a generally hollow bar 2A in which one for example has an ignition torch not shown (or a flame detector, or an auxiliary fuel injection pipe ...
  • This burner also comprises at least a second pipe 4 for supplying a neck rant of secondary air in a wind box 5, here arranged around the annular duct 2.
  • This wind box has a volume large enough to allow good homogenization of the secondary air supplied by the pipes 4. It is delimited axially between a fixed wall 5A and a flange 5B which can slide axially along the duct 2 under the action of a control linkage shown here in simplified form by a line 5C.
  • This wind box is radially limited by a cylindrical wall 5D, composed of successive sections provided with connection flanges, which extends axially beyond the movable flange to a second fixed wall 5E which progressively connects to a portion tubular 5F surrounding the injection nozzle 3.
  • This second fixed wall 5E carries in axial projection, in the direction of the movable flange 5B, a plurality of deflector flaps or louvers 6 parallel to the axis XX but having a given angle relative to planes containing the axis XX and intersecting these louvers.
  • lights 6A are arranged axially in the movable flange so as to allow the movable flange to be brought closer to the fixed wall 5E.
  • a secondary air stream is thus injected around the combustible fluid stream with a rotational movement defined by the inclination of the louvers, with a flow rate regulated as a function of the axial position of the movable flange.
  • sleeves of selected thickness are arranged in the annular conduit 2 or in the tubular portion 5F so as to allow adjustment of the flow rates in these conduits.
  • the tubular portion 5F in fact here consists of two sections, the first 5F 'of which is integral with the wall 5E and the second 5F "is connected to the first by securing two transverse walls 5G and 10A by means of any type of connection.
  • the walls 5E and 5G are kept parallel by spacers 5H.
  • the tubular section 5F "extends axially approximately up to the level of the end of the nozzle 3 for injecting fluid fuel, and defines a nozzle 7 for injecting secondary air into a zone called" burner nose " .
  • This tubular section 5F is preferably connected in a zone 8 called” burner neck ", to an opening 14 progressively opening away from the nozzles 3 and 7, here of frustoconical shape.
  • This opening is advantageously made in a refractory material, such as refractory concrete resistant, preferably up to 1400 ° C.
  • This refractory material is here engaged in a cylindrical bowl 14A in which it is fixed by means shown diagrammatically in 14B.
  • the bowl 14A can have a frustoconical shape, or be partially cylindrical and partially frustoconical.
  • annular stream of tertiary air is injected around the combustible fluid and the secondary air, substantially in the direction of the axis X-X, along an axial ring.
  • the burner according to the invention in fact comprises a device for injecting a stream of tertiary air around the axis XX, around the flue 14.
  • This device comprises at least one supply pipe 9 of tertiary air emerging in a wind box 10 delimited in particular by the wall 10A and the section 5F "mentioned above as well as the bowl 14A receiving said refractory material.
  • This wind box is further delimited by a cylindrical wall 10B radially external extended axially around the shutter 14 by a cylindrical section 12A which defines with this shutter a substantially continuous annular nozzle of tertiary air.
  • This section 12A is preferably extended axially by a cylindrical confinement wall 13, here made up of three modular elements, which delimits a combustion chamber 11 in front of the shutter.
  • This confinement wall 13 is in practice internally coated with a refractory layer, for example of a material identical to that of the quill, preferably lined with an insulating layer 13A, such as an insulating wool, intended to make the combustion chamber 11 substantially adiabatic.
  • This burner can be connected by any known means, to a hearth wall for example, the pipes 4 and 9 then being advantageously arranged on the same side of this wall, away from the flame.
  • the speed of the tertiary air as it enters the combustion chamber is of the same order of magnitude as the average speed of the combustion gases circulating in the same area;
  • the mass flow of tertiary air is preferably between 0.2 and 1.0 times the total mass flow of primary and secondary air, which is advantageously between 0.7 and 1.2 times the mass flow of air required to the complete combustion of the fuel (so-called “stoichiometric” flow).
  • This annular current forms a thermal protection ply of the confinement wall 13 and provides a kind of sheathing of the mixture of gases in the combustion chamber.
  • This annular current is, in the example shown, obtained from a circumferentially continuous nozzle (or slot).
  • the shutter 14 and the section 12A are connected by substantially radial fins channeling the tertiary air by imposing, if necessary, a slight rotational movement, either by a perforated grid or by a plurality of adjacent nozzles, for example oval or elliptical, which, when they are cylindrical, are separated circumferentially by a distance advantageously less than or equal to their diameter: such nozzles are thus generally in a number greater than or equal to 16.
  • the diameter of the crown according to which the tertiary air is injected is advantageously between 1 , 8 and 3.6 times the diameter of the burner neck (at 8), and the tertiary air is injected downstream of this neck at a distance preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 times this neck diameter.
  • the number of swirls at the outlet of the burner neck is preferably chosen between 0.3 and 2, just sufficient to allow the creation of a closed internal recirculation zone favorable to inflammation.
  • the combustion chamber preferably extends over a length of between 0.2 and 1 times its diameter (it allows flame protection).
  • the ratio of the inlet and outlet diameters of the outlet is preferably chosen between 1.5 and 2.
  • the length of the burner is to be chosen according to the desired residence time for the fluid fuel, which varies for example with the particle size of the pulverized coal, while the ratio of its inlet and outlet diameters is to be chosen according to the desired aerodynamic characteristics.
  • the overall air flow (primary + secondary + tertiary) is preferably chosen to be 1.2 to 1.6 times the aforementioned stoichiometric flow.
  • the injection speed of the fluid fuel is around 20m / s
  • that of the secondary air can vary between 15 and 35-40m / s
  • that of the tertiary air can vary between 5 and 20-30m / s.
  • the diameter of the burner neck is for example from 0.20 m to 0.60 m approximately.
  • Secondary air and tertiary air can come from the same wind box fitted with a suitable distributor.
  • a burner according to the invention can be mounted for example in a drum-dryer of a coating station.
  • the combustion chamber may contain a cooling system, which may prove to be advantageous in the case of boilers; the heat collected by the cooling fluid is then advantageously recovered.
  • Another important advantage of the burner according to the invention lies in the fact that it can operate in any position, while many burners of this type can only be used in the vertical position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Verbrennungsverfahren, bei dem ein fließfähiger, aus pulverisierter Kohle gebildeter Brennstoff, vermischt mit Primärluft, entlang einer Achse eingeblasen wird, Sekundärluft quer durch den Hals eines Brenners in einer schraubenlinienförmig um die Achse verlaufenden Bahn zugeführt wird (7), und Tertiärluft rund um das brennbare Fluid sowie die Sekundärluft entsprechend einem koaxialen Kranz eingeblasen wird (12), der in Umfangsrichtung im wesentlichen ununterbrochen ist und stromabwärts von der Einspritzblasung seitlich durch die Wand einer koaxialen Verbrennungskammer begrenzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kalte Tertiärluft im wesentlichen in der gleichen Richtung wie das brennbare Fluid eingeblasen wird, und daß die Tertiärluft entlang der Wand einströmt, die einen konstanten Durchmesser aufweist und sich stromabwärts über eine Länge erstreckt, die zwischen dem 0,2- und 1- fachen ihres Durchmessersbeträgt.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die axiale Einblasgeschwindigkeit der Tertiärluft in der gleichen Größenordnung liegt wie die mittlere Axialgeschwindigkeit der in der Nähe (14, 11) zirkulierenden Verbrennungsgase.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Massenstrom der Tertiärluft das 0,2- bis 1,5-fache des Gesamtmassenstroms der Primär- und Sekundärluft beträgt.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser des Kranzes (12), entsprechend welchem die Tertiärluft eingeblasen wird, das 1,8- bis 3,6-fache des Durchmessers des Brennerhalses (8) beträgt und daß das Einblasen der Tertiärluft stromabwärts des Brennerhalses (8) in einem Abstand erfolgt, der das 0,5- bis 1,5-fache des Durchmessers des Brennerhalses beträgt.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Massenstrom der Primär- und Sekundärluft das 0,5- bis 1,2- fache des Massenstroms an stöchiometrischer Luft beträgt.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gesamtmassenstrom der Verbrennungsluft das 1,2- bis 1,6-fache des Massenstroms an stöchiometrischer Luft beträgt.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wirbel-Anzahl am Ausgang des Brennerhalses zwischen 0,3 und 2 beträgt.
8. Verbrennungseinrichtung mit einem Wirbelbrenner und einer zylindrischen, koaxialen, sich stromabwärts erstreckenden Verbrennungskammer, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei der Brenner eine Rohrleitung (1) zur Speisung mit brennbarem Fluid und Primärluft entlang einer Achse (X-X), eine Speiseeinrichtung zum Einblasen (7) von Sekundärluft quer durch den Brennerhals entlang einer schraubenlinienförmig um die Achse verlaufenden Bahn, und eine in der Nähe der Wand der Verbrennungskammer (11) gelegene Einrichtung zum Einblasen von Tertiärluft in einem Kranz (12) um die Achse aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Einblasen von Tertiärluft so eingerichtet ist, um die Tertiärluft im wesentlichen parallel zur Einblasrichtung des Brennstoffes einzublasen, und daß sich bei mit dem Brennerhals durch eine kegelstumpfartige Öffnung aus feuerfestem Material (14) verbundener Verbrennungskammer die Wand dieser Kammer (11) stromabwärts von der Öffnung über eine Länge erstreckt, die zwischen dem 0,2- und 1-fachen ihres Durchmessers beträgt.
9. Verbrennungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Einblasen von Tertiärluft (12) in einer senkrecht zur Achse liegenden Ebene einmündet, die in einem Abstand von der Brennernase (3, 7) liegt, der das 0,5- bis 1,5-fache des Durchmessers des Brennerhalses beträgt, und daß der Durchmesser der Einrichtung zum Einblasen von Tertiärluft das 1,8- bis 3,6-fache des Durchmessers des Brennerhalses beträgt.
10. Verbrennungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Offnung einen halben Scheitelwinkel von 10 bis 35° aufweist.
11. Verbrennungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Einblasen von Tertiärluft ein axial einmündender ringförmiger Schlitz (12) ist.
12. Verbrennungseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Einblasen von Tertiärluft aus mindestens 16 zylindrischen Düsen besteht.
13. Verbrennungseinrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen den Achsen von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Düsen kleiner ist als das 2-fache ihres Durchmessers.
EP86400901A 1985-05-03 1986-04-24 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von fliessfähigen Brennstoffen und Wirbelbrenner zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired EP0200644B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400901T ATE45621T1 (de) 1985-05-03 1986-04-24 Verfahren zur verbrennung von fliessfaehigen brennstoffen und wirbelbrenner zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8506750 1985-05-03
FR8506750A FR2581444B1 (fr) 1985-05-03 1985-05-03 Procede pour la combustion de combustibles fluides et bruleur a turbulence adapte a sa mise en oeuvre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200644A1 EP0200644A1 (de) 1986-11-05
EP0200644B1 true EP0200644B1 (de) 1989-08-16

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EP86400901A Expired EP0200644B1 (de) 1985-05-03 1986-04-24 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von fliessfähigen Brennstoffen und Wirbelbrenner zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (2) US4838185A (de)
EP (1) EP0200644B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61256108A (de)
AT (1) ATE45621T1 (de)
AU (1) AU582647B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1289416C (de)
DE (1) DE3665097D1 (de)
DK (1) DK165707C (de)
ES (1) ES8708258A1 (de)
FI (1) FI861783A (de)
FR (1) FR2581444B1 (de)
IN (1) IN167334B (de)
PT (1) PT82483B (de)
ZA (1) ZA863209B (de)

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ES554556A0 (es) 1987-10-01
IN167334B (de) 1990-10-06
ZA863209B (en) 1986-12-30
FI861783A0 (fi) 1986-04-28
AU5708286A (en) 1986-11-06
PT82483A (fr) 1986-05-01
EP0200644A1 (de) 1986-11-05
CA1289416C (en) 1991-09-24
DE3665097D1 (en) 1989-09-21
FR2581444B1 (fr) 1988-11-10
FI861783A (fi) 1986-11-04
DK165707B (da) 1993-01-04
US4838185A (en) 1989-06-13
PT82483B (pt) 1988-04-21
JPS61256108A (ja) 1986-11-13
ATE45621T1 (de) 1989-09-15
DK202686D0 (da) 1986-05-02
FR2581444A1 (fr) 1986-11-07
US4919611A (en) 1990-04-24
ES8708258A1 (es) 1987-10-01
AU582647B2 (en) 1989-04-06
DK165707C (da) 1993-05-24
DK202686A (da) 1986-11-04

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