EP0157691B1 - Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einen Gasstrom, mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Venturis umfassend und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einen Gasstrom, mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Venturis umfassend und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157691B1
EP0157691B1 EP85400529A EP85400529A EP0157691B1 EP 0157691 B1 EP0157691 B1 EP 0157691B1 EP 85400529 A EP85400529 A EP 85400529A EP 85400529 A EP85400529 A EP 85400529A EP 0157691 B1 EP0157691 B1 EP 0157691B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
neck
venturi
divergent
gaseous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400529A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0157691A1 (de
Inventor
Louis Augustin Tranie
Michel Georges Toussaint
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total France SA
Compagnie de Raffinage et de Distribution Total France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total France SA, Compagnie de Raffinage et de Distribution Total France SA filed Critical Total France SA
Publication of EP0157691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0157691A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0157691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157691B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/34—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3122—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof the material flowing at a supersonic velocity thereby creating shock waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for spraying a liquid into a gas stream, said device comprising several venturis arranged in series, in which the gas stream flows with sonic flow in line with the necks of the venturi and with supersonic flow in part of the divergent following each pass.
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a spraying device which, by its simplicity of structure and operation, is well suited to the injection of various fuels and which, by its relatively large orifices compared to the known devices of this type limits clogging by solid or pasty particles and is suitable for maintenance without disassembly.
  • This invention further aims to provide a spraying device usable for all applications in which a liquid charge must be finely atomized and therefore vaporized on contact with a hot fluidized granular mass, such as for example the application for injection into catalytic cracking or hydrocracking reactors.
  • the spraying device makes it possible to obtain two-phase mixtures (liquid particles-gas) with high degree of fineness, particularly suitable for the combustion of heavy derivatives in burners, since the combustion time of the fuel drops is in first approximation proportional to the square of their diameter.
  • This type of device is also particularly suitable for injecting heavy petroleum charges into catalytic conversion reactors, such as cracking or hydrocracking reactors, since the quality of the atomization of these charges allows almost instantaneous vaporization of the hydrocarbons in the reaction zone and therefore a considerable improvement in the quality of the heat transfers when brought into contact with the catalyst grains.
  • This instantaneous vaporization also makes it possible to limit the coking of the cracking catalyst to the strict minimum and to preserve the active sites of the latter, hence better activity and selectivity.
  • the spraying device is also suitable for injecting liquid products into any other reactor in which a charge such as a heavy charge must be atomized as finely as possible with an auxiliary fluid. .
  • a cylindrical part or neck will be interposed between the divergent of each venturi and the convergent of the following venturi.
  • a diffuser may be provided in order to split the gas flow into several jets, or a profiled body with variable radius of curvature, intended to spread the final jet obtained according to a given angle, the profile being defined so as to avoid detachment of the jet.
  • the angle of the convergent of each venturi will be between 20 and 45 with, preferably, a rounded connection profile with the neck, and the angle of each divergent will be at most 14 °.
  • the divergent can also have a curvilinear profile instead of frustoconical.
  • the cylindrical neck will have a variable length depending on the application, but at least 3 times the diameter. The Applicant has indeed established that, for these values, it is still possible to obtain a speed close to the sonic speed in the first neck for low pressures of gaseous fluid, less than 0.5 bar relative (or 1.5 absolute bar if the ambient pressure is 1 bar). Indeed, a small angle of the divergent less than or equal to 14 ° - allows a recompression of the flow with the minimum pressure drop in the divergent.
  • the injection of the liquid at the neck of the first venturi can be carried out in any manner known in the art and various embodiments of injectors will be described below.
  • the body of the spraying device according to the invention consists, as shown in Figure 1, of a series of venturis, whose convergers are referenced respectively 10, 11, 12, 13, whose necks are designated by 1, 15, 16 , 17, and whose divergences are designated by 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the liquid is injected at the neck 1 of the first venturi; the output of the two-phase gas (or spray fluid) and liquid mixture takes place at the end of the last venturi.
  • the angle of the convergent of each venturi is, in this case, about 27 ° and the angle of each diverging is of the order of 14 ° (total angle at the top).
  • the neck of each venturi is cylindrical and of adequate length.
  • a cylindrical body 7, 8, 9 respectively At the outlet of each divergence is arranged a cylindrical body 7, 8, 9 respectively, which aims to stabilize the flow before approaching the next convergent.
  • the diameter of the neck of each of the venturis is defined in such a way that, for a first given supply of the spraying fluid, the flow has a sonic speed at the level of each of the necks (FIG. 4, respectively in A 1 , A 2 and A 3 and A 4 ) and a supersonic speed in each divergent (respectively from A 1 to B 1 , A 2 to 8 2 and A 3 to B 3 ), the recompression being established through a straight shock wave (respectively in B i , B 2 and 8 3 ) which promotes the spraying of the liquid.
  • the injection of liquid and spraying fluid can advantageously be carried out in a manner known per se using a premix upstream of the device according to the invention.
  • the liquid injection can also be carried out ( Figures 2a to 2e) in line with the neck of the first venturi.
  • An injector giving good results can consist of a tube 21 (FIG. 2a) coaxial with the first venturi, which delivers in the same direction as the flow of the spraying fluid (nitrogen in the case of the tests of the Applicant, generally of steam in industry).
  • the outlet diameter of this liquid injector can be variable (from 1 to 4 mm in the case of tests carried out by the Applicant), which makes it possible to inject a given quantity of liquid at different pressures depending on the diameter of the injector.
  • the annular flow of the spray fluid, around the injector in line with the neck, is sonic.
  • Variants of this type of injector consist in extending the injector with a central body 22 downstream in the divergent.
  • the liquid is injected through orifices in the form of holes 24 (FIG. 2b) or slots 23 (FIG. 2c) which flow transversely to the flow (sonic at the neck) of the spraying fluid.
  • Another solution consists in injecting the liquid by means of orifices 25 (or slits) perpendicular to the flow (FIGS. 2d and 2e), these orifices being located on the outer ring at the neck 1 of the first diverging part.
  • this injector burner, atomization in the atmosphere, injection into a chemical reactor, etc.
  • the outlet orifice of the injector can be constituted by the end of the divergent (FIG. 1), the angle of the two-phase jet being substantially equal to the angle of the last divergent. If a more open jet angle is desired, the end 26 of the diverging portion (FIG. 3a) can be profiled so that the two-phase fluid adheres to the wall over a certain length. The angle of the jet a 'is then more open than the angle a of the divergent.
  • the conical divergences can be replaced by diverging ones with shorter evolving profile.
  • FIG. 5 represents, by way of comparison, for this sprayer [curve (C)] and for a sprayer of known type, designated by the trade name "Turbine hearths type MV" [curve (C ')] the average diameter of Rosin-Rammler as a function of the spraying nitrogen rate, in the case of tests carried out on a spraying bench, with oil of viscosity 15 cSt and nitrogen as atomizing fluid, under operating conditions analogues.
  • FIG. 6 finally graphically shows the improvements in the quality of the atomization due to the increase in the number of successive venturis.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einem Gasstrom, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens zwei koaxial hintereinander angeordnete Venturis, in denen der Gasstrom strömt, und am Hals (1) des am weitesten stromaufwärts angeordneten Venturis mindestens ein Mittel (21) zum Einspritzen der Flüssigkeit in den Gasstrom aufweist, wobei die Abmessungen der Venturis derart sind, dass der Gasstrom in jedem Venturi im Bereich des Halses mit Schallgeschwindigkeit und stromabwärts vom Hals in einem Teil des an den Hals anschliessenden Divergierers mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit strömt und für den erzeugenden Strömungsmitteldruck Pin im Hals sowie den Querschnitt Sn des Halses des n-ten Venturis die Gleichung Pin - Sn = Pin+i . Sn+ gilt.
2. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einem Gasstrom nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Divergierer (3, 4, 5) jedes Venturis und der Konvergierer (11, 12, 13) des anschliessenden Venturis durch einen zylindrischen Körper (7, 8, 9) miteinander verbunden sind, der dazu bestimmt ist, die Strömung des Gasstroms zwischen den Venturis zu stabilisieren.
3. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einem Gasstrom nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zur Aufteilung des Gasstroms in mehrere Strahlen am Ausgang des letzten Divergierers einen Diffusor (20) mit einer Vielzahl von zylindrischen oder profilierten Öffnungen (27) aufweist, deren Achsen divergieren und einen Winkel (a") miteinander einschliessen, wobei der gesamte Durchgangsquerschnitt aller Öffnungen gleich dem oder grösser als der Querschnitt des Halses des letzten Venturis ist.
4. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausgangsöffnung einen profilierten Körper (26) aufweist, der dazu bestimmt ist, den erhaltenen endgültigen Strahl entsprechend einem vorgegebenen Winkel (a') zu spreizen, und dessen Krümmungsradius veränderlich ist, um die Ablösung des Strahls zu verhindern.
5. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel des Konvergierers jedes Venturis zwischen 20° und 45° liegt und der Winkel jedes Divergierers höchstens gleich 14° ist.
6. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einspritzmittel (21) durch einen mittleren Körper (22) stromabwärts in den Divergierer hinein verlängert ist.
7. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittlere Körper (22) eine Öffnung (28) zur Abgabe der zu pulverisierenden Flüssigkeit parallel zur Gasströmung und in deren Richtung aufweist.
8. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittlere Körper (22) schlitzförmige oder als zylindrische Löcher ausgebildete Öffnungen (23 bzw. 24) zur Abgabe der zu pulverisierenden Flüssigkeit quer zur Gasströmung aufweist.
9. Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu pulverisierende Flüssigkeit senkrecht zur Gasströmung im Bereich des Halses (1) mittels loch-oder schlitzförmiger Öffnungen (25) eingespritzt wird, die im Hals selbst ausgebildet sind.
10. Verwendung der Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 9 zum Speisen eines Brenners für flüssigen oder festen, in einer Flüssigkeit suspendierenden Brennstoff.
11. Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 zum Speisen eines chemischen Reaktors, insbesondere eines Reaktors zum katalytischen Cracken oder zum Hydrocracken.
EP85400529A 1984-03-20 1985-03-20 Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einen Gasstrom, mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Venturis umfassend und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung Expired EP0157691B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8404281 1984-03-20
FR8404281A FR2561539B1 (fr) 1984-03-20 1984-03-20 Dispositif de pulverisation d'un liquide dans un flux gazeux a plusieurs venturis successifs et applications de ce dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0157691A1 EP0157691A1 (de) 1985-10-09
EP0157691B1 true EP0157691B1 (de) 1987-06-24

Family

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EP85400529A Expired EP0157691B1 (de) 1984-03-20 1985-03-20 Vorrichtung zum Pulverisieren einer Flüssigkeit in einen Gasstrom, mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Venturis umfassend und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung

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EP (1) EP0157691B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3560274D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2561539B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU589763B2 (en) * 1986-04-18 1989-10-19 Fluid Technology (Aust) Limited Fluid injection system
FR2621833B1 (fr) * 1987-10-14 1990-03-23 Total France Dispositif d'injection d'une charge d'hydrocarbures dans un reacteur de craquage catalytique
EP0445169A1 (de) * 1988-11-22 1991-09-11 Dunne Miller Weston Limited Einrichtung zum mischen von flüssigkeiten und gasen
DE4206981A1 (de) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Ensle Paul Stiftung Vorrichtung zum mischen von feinkoernigen materialien und/oder fluessigkeiten
US6666016B2 (en) * 1999-01-31 2003-12-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Mixing enhancement using axial flow
RU2626205C1 (ru) * 2016-07-04 2017-07-24 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ярославский государственный технический университет" (ФГБОУВО "ЯГТУ") Турбулентный реактор смешения
CN107803125B (zh) * 2017-12-15 2023-08-22 上海梵坤环保科技发展有限公司 串式文丘里管组合气液融合装置
RU2717031C1 (ru) * 2019-12-06 2020-03-17 Игорь Анатольевич Мнушкин Турбулентный смеситель-реактор

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE406702A (de) *
DE265585C (de) * 1912-06-27 1913-10-13
GB125809A (en) * 1918-06-06 1919-05-01 Robert Edward Hoffmann Improvements in Means for Spraying Liquids and Mixing therewith other Liquids or Gases.
US1437649A (en) * 1920-09-25 1922-12-05 Guelbaum David Mixing and proportioning device or valve
US1678225A (en) * 1926-10-28 1928-07-24 Jerry W Kincade Agitator for chemically purifying oil
FR1451539A (fr) * 1965-07-22 1966-01-07 Bertin & Cie Perfectionnements aux appareils comportant un ajutage en forme de fente mince, pour fluide gazeux
US3507626A (en) * 1965-10-15 1970-04-21 Mobay Chemical Corp Venturi mixer
FR2122682A5 (de) * 1971-01-20 1972-09-01 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech

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Publication number Publication date
FR2561539A1 (fr) 1985-09-27
FR2561539B1 (fr) 1988-09-16
DE3560274D1 (en) 1987-07-30
EP0157691A1 (de) 1985-10-09

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