EP2249968B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum variieren der eigenschaften eines mehrphasenstrahls - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zum variieren der eigenschaften eines mehrphasenstrahls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2249968B1
EP2249968B1 EP09704348.3A EP09704348A EP2249968B1 EP 2249968 B1 EP2249968 B1 EP 2249968B1 EP 09704348 A EP09704348 A EP 09704348A EP 2249968 B1 EP2249968 B1 EP 2249968B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
opening
main
nozzle
phase
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Not-in-force
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EP09704348.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2249968A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Labegorre
Thierry Poinsot
Nicolas Guezennec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse INPT
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse INPT
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP2249968A1 publication Critical patent/EP2249968A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0458—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being perpendicular just upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0815—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with at least one gas jet intersecting a jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid for controlling the shape of the latter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0861—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with one single jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid and several gas jets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11001—Impinging-jet injectors or jet impinging on a surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for varying the properties of a multiphase jet without interrupting said jet and their applications.
  • the invention relates more particularly to an apparatus and a method for varying the direction and / or the opening of a multiphasic jet, said apparatus also making it possible, in the case of a multiphase jet containing a dispersion of liquid particles, to vary the particle size of the liquid particles.
  • liquids or solids sprayed or powder in the form of gaseous jets containing a dispersion of said liquids and / or solids, hereinafter referred to as: multiphase jets.
  • two-phase jets with variable orientation are produced by means of a sprayer whose orientation is varied or by means of a sprayer having at least one injection nozzle whose orientation is varied.
  • mechanical systems for varying the orientation of a two-phase jet have problems of reliability and durability, especially in hostile environments such as combustion furnaces and cryogenic installations.
  • EP 0904 842 and EP-A-0545357 describes such an atomizer for directing the direction of a two-phase jet resulting from the atomization of a liquid or powdery atomizable material by an annular jet of atomizing gas.
  • a fluidic control gas is injected into the annular jet upstream of the atomization zone, so as to force the passage of the atomizing gas in a portion of the flow section opposite to the injection of the fluidic control gas and thus to generate an asymmetric two-phase jet whose axis is inclined with respect to the axis of the annular jet.
  • This technology makes it possible to modify the inclination of the diphasic jet around the axis of the injector 0 at 20 °.
  • This technology however has the major disadvantage of non-homogeneous spraying of the atomizable material in the deviated jet, the sputtering being particularly defective on the injection point side of the fluidic control gas.
  • a burner having a burner block, said burner block being provided with a central fuel conduit surrounded by a plurality of primary oxidant conduits, themselves surrounded by a plurality of secondary oxidant conduits, the fuel which may be an atomized liquid fuel in a portion of the oxidant or a crushed solid fuel entrained by a portion of the oxidant.
  • the fuel which may be an atomized liquid fuel in a portion of the oxidant or a crushed solid fuel entrained by a portion of the oxidant.
  • this burner is relatively heavy because the fuel pipe, the plurality of primary oxidant conduits, as well as the plurality of oxidant conduits secondary are made in a burner block that overlooks the furnace combustion chamber.
  • the burner blocks are generally constructed of refractory materials more or less difficult to manufacture, particularly in the case of systems with small dimensions.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a robust and optimized apparatus allowing a great variation in the direction and / or the opening of a multiphase jet without having to interrupt the jet.
  • multiphasic jet is understood to mean a liquid dispersion in gas, a solid dispersion in gas, or a liquid and solid dispersion in gas developing in a preferred direction of space.
  • two-phase jet is meant a liquid dispersion in gas or a solid dispersion in gas developing in a preferred direction of space.
  • opening of a jet means, for a jet emerging from a pipe, is the angle of the axis of symmetry of the jet or the flame at the outlet of the pipe and the generator at the surface of the jet . In practice, this angle often corresponds to the angle between the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the pipe and the generatrix on the surface of the jet.
  • the orientation or direction of a jet is defined as being a vector normal to the fluid passage section and oriented in the direction of flow, that is, from upstream to downstream.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to an apparatus for injecting a multiphase jet with direction and / or variable opening (s).
  • the apparatus comprises a sprayer, also called atomizer, having a main opening for injecting a multiphase jet with a controlled or controlled pulse.
  • the main opening has a section Sp and is located in a main plane.
  • the direction of the multiphase jet from the main aperture is called the main direction.
  • the apparatus also includes a nozzle, also called mouthpiece or mouth-piece in English, in which opens the main opening of the sprayer.
  • This nozzle has an exit opening for the multiphasic jet, this exit opening being located in an exit plane and opposite (in the main direction) of the main opening, so that the multiphase jet from the main opening (also called “jet”) main ”) passes through the nozzle before exiting the nozzle through the outlet opening.
  • the apparatus also includes at least one passageway having a secondary opening for injection into the nozzle of a gaseous actuator jet with a controlled or controlled pulse.
  • the at least one passage is positioned so that the actuator jet from the corresponding secondary opening impinges the multiphase jet I inside the nozzle.
  • the direction of the actuator jet leaving the secondary opening is called the secondary direction.
  • This secondary direction forms an angle ⁇ with the plane perpendicular to the main direction, the angle ⁇ being less than 90 ° and greater than or equal to 0 °, preferably 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 80 °, more preferably 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 30 °, the effect of the actuator jet being the most pronounced when ⁇ is substantially equal to 0 °, that is to say when the secondary direction of the jet actuator is in a plane perpendicular to the main direction of the jet multiphase output from the main opening of the sprayer.
  • ⁇ is not equal to 0 °
  • the direction of the corresponding actuator jet has a component in the main direction going in the direction of the main opening towards the outlet opening.
  • the apparatus makes it possible to vary the direction and / or the opening of the multiphase jet emerging from the exit opening by virtue of the interaction, and more particularly the impact, between the multiphase jet from the sprayer and one or more actuator jets, without having to interrupt the multiphase jet and without having to resort to mechanical actuators, such as pivots.
  • the secondary opening or openings have their central point or center of inertia located at a distance L1 from the main plane in which the main opening of the sprayer is located and at a distance L2 from the exit plane in which the outlet opening is located. of the nozzle.
  • L1, L2 are preferably less than or equal to ten times the square root of the section Ss of the secondary opening.
  • the central point or center of inertia of a secondary opening corresponds to the intersection between the secondary opening and the axis of the actuator jet leaving said secondary opening (corresponding actuator jet) or the intersection between this outlet opening. and the axis of the corresponding passage (i.e. the passage having this secondary opening) at this secondary opening.
  • the secondary opening has the shape of a circle, its central point is the center of the circle.
  • the distances L1 and L2 are measured parallel to the main direction.
  • the nozzle is preferably metal.
  • the nozzle may be manufactured / machined integrally with the sprayer.
  • the nozzle is more conveniently manufactured / machined separately and then mounted on the sprayer as described above.
  • the nozzle may more particularly be in the form of a pellet or tip mounted on the end of the sprayer including its main opening.
  • the internal section of the nozzle at the secondary opening (s) is perpendicular to the main direction and greater than or equal to the section Sp of the main opening of the sprayer.
  • the sprayer may be a gas-assisted sprayer.
  • the sprayer typically comprises a central pipe for supplying liquid or powder spray and an annular pipe surrounding the central pipe for the supply of atomizing gas.
  • a multiphase jet is produced by driving the liquid or powder from the central pipe by the jet of atomization gas from the annular pipe.
  • the sprayer can be a mechanical sprayer.
  • the sprayer typically comprises a central pipe for the liquid feed in which the fluid pressure is converted into energy kinetic.
  • the high velocity of the liquid jet at the outlet of the spray section will cause surrounding gas in sufficient quantity to generate a two-phase jet.
  • the size of the main section of a mechanical sprayer is typically an order of magnitude smaller than that of an assisted sprayer for the same flow of fluid to be atomized.
  • the sprayer may be an emulsion sprayer.
  • the sprayer typically comprises a central pipe opening at the main plane for the injection of a liquid dispersion in gas or solid sprayed in gas.
  • the multiphase jet is generated inside the sprayer by suitable contacting of a liquid flow and a gas flow.
  • the size of the main section of an emulsion sprayer is typically of the same order of magnitude as that of an assisted sprayer for the same flow of liquid to be atomized.
  • the sprayer can be mixed combining the concepts of assisted and emulsion sprayers.
  • the ratio between the square root of the section of the main opening and the square root of the section of the secondary opening is greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 10.0 (0.25 ⁇ ⁇ Sp / ⁇ Ss ⁇ 10.0), preferably greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10.
  • the ratio of the square root of the main opening section to the square root of the secondary section is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 7.
  • the sprayer is mechanical, the same ratio is preferably greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 4.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one passage such that the secondary direction of the actuator jet issuing from the corresponding secondary opening is secant or quasi-secant with the main direction of the main jet from the main opening.
  • the impact between this actuator jet and the main jet coming from the main opening will make it possible to obtain a multiphasic jet at the outlet of the outlet opening (of the nozzle) which is deviated from the main direction of the multiphasic jet at the exit of the main opening (from sprayer), the multiphase jet from the outlet opening being more particularly deflected in the opposite direction to the secondary opening of the actuator jet.
  • An actuator jet from an exit opening to the left of the main direction will thus give a multiphasic jet to the exit of the opening so deviated to the right with respect to the main direction.
  • a single actuator jet whose secondary direction is secant or quasi-secant with the main direction and allows to vary the direction of the multiphase jet in a direction (monodirectional effect).
  • a multi-directional effect (variation of the direction of the multiphase jet in several directions) can be obtained with several actuator jets whose secondary direction is secant or quasi-secant with the main direction.
  • the apparatus comprises at least two passages such that the secondary directions of the actuator jets coming from the corresponding secondary openings are intersecting or quasi-intersecting with the main direction of the main jet coming from the main opening, said secondary openings being preferably located in the same plane perpendicular to the main direction, or, in other words, at the same distance L1 of the main plane in which the main opening of the sprayer is located.
  • the plane defined by the direction of one of the two secondary openings and the main direction does not coincide with the plane defined by the other direction of the two secondary openings and the main direction, it is possible to deflect the jet multiphasic in these two planes, or even in an intermediate plane in both planes, if we inject the two actuator jets simultaneously.
  • the plane defined by one of the two secondary openings and the main direction will be perpendicular to the plane defined by the other of the two secondary openings and the main direction.
  • the apparatus may in particular comprise four passages positioned in such a way that the secondary directions of the actuator jets coming from the corresponding secondary openings are intersecting or quasi-intersecting with the main direction, two of these corresponding secondary openings defining a first plane with the main direction and being located on either side of this main direction, the two other corresponding secondary openings defining a second plane with the main direction and being also located on either side of this main direction, the first plane being preferably perpendicular to the second plane and the four corresponding secondary openings are preferably located in the same plane perpendicular to the main direction (at the same distance L1 of the main plane in which the main opening of the sprayer is located).
  • the apparatus comprises at least one passage such that the secondary direction of the actuator jet from the corresponding secondary opening is not substantially coplanar with the main direction of the main jet from the main opening.
  • the interaction or the impact in the nozzle between the actuator jet and the multiphasic jet leads to a multiphasic jet coming from the outlet opening whose opening is greater than the multiphase jet opening obtained in the absence of the actuator jet.
  • the apparatus according to the invention may comprise at least two passages oriented in such a way that the secondary directions of the actuator jets coming from the corresponding secondary openings are not in effect.
  • substances coplanar with the main direction of the main jet from the main opening and the secondary jets from the corresponding secondary openings are oriented in the same direction of rotation around the main direction.
  • These corresponding secondary openings are advantageously located in the same plane perpendicular to the main direction (at the same distance L1 from the main plane in which the main opening of the sprayer is located). They can be located on either side of the main direction. They can also be located as the plane defined by the main direction and one of the two corresponding secondary openings is perpendicular to the plane defined by the main direction and the other of the two corresponding secondary openings.
  • An apparatus which is particularly effective for varying the aperture of a multiphasic jet is obtained when the apparatus comprises three or four secondary openings around the main direction.
  • Such an apparatus may in particular comprise three or four passages positioned in such a way that the three or four corresponding secondary openings lie in the same plane perpendicular to the main direction and that the secondary directions of the actuator jets coming from the corresponding secondary openings are not in the same direction. substance coplanar with the main direction, the three or four actuator jets from the corresponding secondary openings being oriented in the same direction of orientation around the main direction.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of an apparatus according to the invention for varying the orientation and / or the opening of a multiphase jet.
  • each actuator jet forms an angle ⁇ with the plane perpendicular to the main direction, this angle ⁇ being less than 90 ° and greater than or equal to 0 °, preferably 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 80 ° and more preferably 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 30 °, the effect of the actuator jet on the multiphasic jet being the most pronounced when the angle ⁇ is substantially equal to 0 ° (jet actuator substantially perpendicular to the main direction).
  • the orientation and / or the opening of the multiphasic jet leaving the outlet opening of the nozzle is varied by a variation of the regulated pulse of at least one actuator jet.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to modify the orientation of a multiphasic jet by injecting at least one actuator jet into the nozzle in a secondary orientation which is secant or quasi-intersecting with the main direction of the nozzle. multiphase jet from the main opening.
  • the opening of the multiphasic jet emerging from the outlet opening of the nozzle is varied by a variation of the regulated pulse of the at least one actuator jet whose secondary direction is secant or quasi-secant with the main direction.
  • the deviation of the multiphase jet with respect to the main direction in the secondary direction increases with the pulse of the actuator jet (with respect to the pulse of the multiphase jet from the main opening).
  • the direction of the multiphase jet coming from the outlet opening of the nozzle will be substantially identical to the main direction (direction of the multiphasic jet from the opening main sprayer).
  • the physical parameter that controls the deviation of the multiphasic jet will be the ratio of the pulses of the actuator jet (s) and the two-phase jet generated by the atomizer.
  • This parameter can in practice be used to control or adjust the orientation of the multiphase jet from the outlet opening by means of a control installation which adjusts the pulses, and more particularly the flow rates, of the atomizing gas and the actuator jet or jets.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to modify the opening of a multiphase jet by injecting at least one actuator jet into the nozzle, the secondary direction of which is not substantially coplanar with the main direction of the nozzle. main jet from the main opening.
  • the opening of the multiphase jet from the outlet opening increases with the pulse of the actuator jet.
  • the physical parameter that controls the deviation of the multiphase jet will generally be the ratio of the pulses of the actuator jet (s) and the two-phase jet generated by the atomizer.
  • This parameter can in practice be used for controlling or adjusting the opening of the multiphase jet from the outlet opening by means of a control installation which adjusts the pulses, and more particularly the flow rates, of the gas. atomization and the actuator jet or jets.
  • the pulse of an actuator jet is usually varied by regulating the flow rate of said actuator jet.
  • the apparatus When it is desired that the chemical composition and in particular the gas content of the multiphase jet coming from the outlet opening does not change when it varies its orientation and / or opening, it is possible to provide the apparatus with a global regulated gas supply and a gas intake for taking a fraction of said global gas supply to one or more passages for the injection of one or more actuator jets.
  • the pulse of an actuating jet is varied by a variation of the fraction of the overall feed diverted to the corresponding passage.
  • Such an embodiment of the apparatus and the method may in particular be of interest in the case where the multiphase jet contains a mixture of fuel and oxidant.
  • the multiphasic jet may be a two-phase jet, and more particularly a two-phase liquid / gas jet or a two-phase solid / gas jet.
  • the multiphase jet contains a dispersion of liquid nitrogen.
  • the multiphase jet comprises a dispersion of a liquid fuel and / or a solid fuel.
  • the multiphase jet is a dispersion in a gaseous oxidizer.
  • this oxidant can be air.
  • this oxidant may, in certain cases, also have an oxygen content of at least 40% by volume, preferably of at least 50% by volume and more preferably of at least 90% vol.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to modify the volume occupied by the dispersion and the speed of the particles.
  • the invention also makes it possible to modify the size distribution of the liquid particles.
  • the invention makes it possible in particular to vary the orientation of the multiphase jet linearly with the control parameter: the ratio of the pulse of the multiphase jet injected into the nozzle and the pulse of the injected actuator jet.
  • the invention uses gaseous jets, so-called actuator jets to control the direction (orientation) and / or the opening of a multiphase jet produced by a sprayer, often called atomizer in the case of a multiphase jet liquid / gas.
  • the figure 1 shows a device according to the invention comprising a gas-assisted atomizer type 11 and a nozzle 15.
  • the atomizer 11 comprises a central pipe 12 for supplying the liquid to be sprayed and an annular pipe 13 surrounding the central pipe 12 for the supply of atomizing gas.
  • the central pipe 12 and the annular pipe 13 open into the main opening 14 of the atomizer 11.
  • a liquid jet is injected in the center of the main opening 14 and is surrounded in this main opening of a gaseous annular spray jet.
  • the kinetic energy of the high-speed annular jet makes it possible to atomize the liquid jet so as to obtain, downstream from the main opening 14, a two-phase liquid / gas jet in a main direction XX, the liquid / gas dispersion appearing at the exit of the atomizer.
  • the typical dimension of the liquid drops in the diphasic jet is of the order of a few tens of micrometers.
  • the apparatus comprises passages 16 for the injection of gaseous actuator jets.
  • the secondary openings 17 corresponding to said passages 16 are located in the nozzle 15 downstream of the main opening 13 of the atomizer 11. These secondary openings 17 are located in a plane perpendicular to the main axis XX of the two-phase jet (plane respectively Figures 1b and 1c ).
  • the figure 1b shows a radial arrangement of the actuator jets, that is to say, in this figure the passages 16 and the secondary openings 17 are positioned in such a way that the actuator jets coming from the secondary openings 17 have a secondary direction (designated by arrows) which are intersecting with the principal direction XX of the two-phase jet.
  • This embodiment of the invention makes it possible to vary the direction of the multiphase jet leaving the outlet opening 18 of the nozzle 15.
  • the figure 1c shows a tangential arrangement of the actuator jets from the secondary openings 17.
  • the passages 16 and the secondary openings 17 are positioned so that the secondary directions (designated by straight arrows) share streams from the secondary openings 17 are not coplanar with the main direction XX, but are all oriented in the same direction of rotation (designated not the two curved arrows) around the main direction.
  • one or more shareholding jets impact the multiphase jet inside the nozzle, it results in an enlargement of the opening of the two-phase jet coming from the outlet opening 18.
  • the distances L1 and L2 measured parallel to the main direction XX between the central point of the secondary opening 17 and respectively the plane of the main opening 13 and the plane of the outlet opening 18 are between 1 and 10 times the square root of the section of the secondary opening 17.
  • the square root of the section of the secondary opening 17 corresponds to the actuator jet cross-section at this secondary opening.
  • the square root of the section of the secondary opening 17 / of the actuator jet section at the outlet of this secondary opening 17 is hereinafter called the characteristic dimension d of the actuator jet.
  • the characteristic dimension of the actuator jets determines, for a given fluid flow in the corresponding passage 16, the pulse of the actuator jets.
  • the number of secondary jets acting on a multiphase jet will typically be limited to four, since a larger number of secondary jets would not significantly improve the performance of the apparatus and process, but would lead to difficulties in achieving and at higher manufacturing costs.
  • the position of the actuators in a zone close to the main opening 13 and the outlet opening 18 limits, for reasons of space, their number.
  • the apparatus for varying the orientation of a multiphasic jet (Examples 1 to 3) is essentially as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1a and 1b , a single actuator jet having a secant secondary direction with the main direction being injected into the nozzle.
  • the apparatus for varying the aperture of a multiphase jet (Examples 4 to 6) is essentially as illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 a and 1c, with injection of four actuator jets.
  • z is the distance downstream of the outlet opening of the apparatus (measured along the main direction) at which the alpha ( ⁇ ) or widening (LL o ) / L o deviation are measured.
  • the operating parameter of the apparatus and the process according to the invention is in the examples (with characteristic dimensions of the constant actuator jets) the ratio of the gas flow rates which pass respectively in the passage or passages as actuator jets and in the annular jet. atomization.
  • the deflection of the multiphasic jet is defined as the angle between the direction of the multiphase jet leaving the outlet opening 18 of the nozzle and the main direction X-X of the multiphase jet emerging from the main opening of the atomizer.
  • This angle can be measured from the envelope of the multiphase jet at the exit of the shadow control chamber (see figure 2 ).
  • the figure 2 shows a medium and processed image of a two-phase jet or "spray" of water generated by an air-assisted type atomizer subjected to the action of an actuator jet by means of the apparatus for varying the orientation of the multiphase jet.
  • the injection conditions for this example are: water flow of the order of 6 g / s, gas flow of the annular spray jet of the order of 1.3 g / s, and gas flow in the actuator 0.7 g / s.
  • the deflection angle of the diphasic jet observed is about 30 °.
  • the maximum value obtained for this first configuration is greater than that obtained according to known non-mechanical systems, for example EP-A- 0545357.
  • the secondary opening of the actuator jet is in this case less remote from the main opening (lower value of H).
  • the opening of the multiphase jet coming from the exit opening is defined from the envelope of the two-phase jet, this envelope is determined as mentioned above.
  • a jet expansion ratio is determined as the relative variation of the width of the two-phase jet at a given distance downstream of the injector.
  • SW2 As shown in figure 6 for the actuators in tangential position, the dimension d1 of the passage, and therefore, at d2 constant, also the dimension d of the passage do not substantially modify the effect of the control.
  • the actuator jets can modify as we have just shown the direction of a two-phase jet or its opening, they also allow to change the particle size, that is to say the size distribution of the drops.
  • the average size is measured using a Malvern optical technique (scattering of light by the particles).
  • the figure 7 shows the evolution of the average Sauter diameter (D32) for four actuator jets in a tangential arrangement.
  • D32 average Sauter diameter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Injektion eines Mehrphasenstrahls mit variabler Richtung und/oder Öffnung, wobei die Vorrichtung Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Zerstäuber mit einer Hauptöffnung zur Injektion eines Mehrphasenstrahls mit geregeltem Impuls gemäß einer Hauptrichtung, wobei sich die Hauptöffnung auf einer Hauptebene befindet und einen Schnitt Sp aufweist, und
    - eine Düse, in die die Hauptöffnung des Zerstäubers mündet, wobei die Düse eine Ausgangsöffnung für den Mehrphasenstrahl aufweist, die sich auf einer Ausgangsebene und gegenüber der Injektionsöffnung befindet, und
    - mindestens einen Durchgang mit einer sekundären Öffnung zur Injektion in das Innere der Düse eines Gasbetätigungsstrahls mit geregeltem Impuls gemäß einer sekundären Richtung, so dass der Betätigungsstrahl auf den Mehrphasenstrahl im Inneren der Düse trifft, wobei die sekundäre Öffnung einen Schnitt Ss aufweist, wobei die sekundäre Richtung einen Winkel θ mit der senkrechten Ebene zur Hauptrichtung bildet, der kleiner als 90° und größer oder gleich 0°, vorzugsweise 0° ≤ θ ≤ 80°, insbesondere 0° ≤ θ ≤ 30° ist, Vorrichtung, bei der die sekundäre Öffnung des mindestens einen Durchgangs einen zentralen Punkt aufweist, der sich in einem Abstand L1 von der Hauptebene und in einem Abstand L2 von der Ausgangsebene befindet, und wobei L1, L2 ≤ 10 x √ Ss.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Düse aus Metall ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei 0,25 ≤ √Sp/√Ss ≤ 10,0.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Injektion eines Mehrphasenstrahls mit variabler Ausrichtung, umfassend mindestens einen Durchgang, so dass die sekundäre Richtung des Betätigungsstrahls, der aus der entsprechenden sekundären Öffnung stammt, schneidend oder fast schneidend mit der Hauptrichtung des Mehrphasenstrahls ist, der aus der Hauptöffnung stammt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, umfassend mindestens zwei Durchgänge, die derart ausgerichtet sind, dass die sekundären Richtungen der Betätigungsstrahlen, die aus den entsprechenden sekundären Öffnungen stammen, schneidend oder fast schneidend mit der Hauptrichtung des Mehrphasenstrahls sind, der aus der Hauptöffnung stammt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Injektion eines Mehrphasenstrahls mit variabler Öffnung, umfassend mindestens einen Durchgang, so dass die sekundäre Richtung des Betätigungsstrahls, der aus der entsprechenden sekundären Öffnung stammt, nicht im Wesentlichen koplanar mit der Hauptrichtung des Hauptstrahls ist, der aus der Hauptöffnung stammt.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, umfassend mindestens zwei Durchgänge, die derart ausgerichtet sind, dass die sekundären Richtungen der Betätigungsstrahlen, die aus den entsprechenden sekundären Öffnungen stammen, nicht im Wesentlichen koplanar mit der Hauptrichtung des Mehrphasenstrahls sind, der aus der Hautöffnung stammt, und dass die sekundären Strahlen, die aus den entsprechenden sekundären Öffnungen stammen, gemäß einem gleichen Drehsinn um die Hauptrichtung ausgerichtet sind.
  8. Verfahren zur Modifikation der Ausrichtung und/oder der Öffnung eines Mehrphasenstrahls mit Hilfe einer Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei in diesem Verfahren:
    - der Mehrphasenstrahl durch den Zerstäuber in die Düse über die Hauptöffnung des Zerstäubers injiziert wird, wobei der Mehrphasenstrahl gemäß einer Hauptrichtung und mit einem geregelten Impuls injiziert wird,
    - mindestens ein Betätigungsstrahl in die Düse über die sekundäre Öffnung eines Durchgangs injiziert wird, wobei jeder Betätigungsstrahl mit einem geregelten Impuls und gemäß einer sekundären Richtung injiziert wird, so dass der sekundäre Strahl auf den Mehrphasenstrahl im Inneren der Düse trifft, wobei die sekundäre Richtung einen Winkel θ mit der senkrechten Ebene zur Hauptrichtung bildet, der kleiner als 90° und größer oder gleich 0°, vorzugsweise 0° ≤ θ ≤ 80°, insbesondere 0° ≤ θ ≤ 30° ist,
    Verfahren, bei dem die Ausrichtung und/oder die Öffnung des Mehrphasenstrahls, der aus der Ausgangsöffnung der Düse austritt, durch eine Variation des geregelten Impulses von mindestens einem Betätigungsstrahl variiert werden.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 zur Modifikation der Ausrichtung eines Mehrphasenstrahls, wobei die sekundäre Ausrichtung von mindestens einem Betätigungsstrahl, der in die Düse injiziert wird, schneidend oder fast schneidend mit der Hauptrichtung des Mehrphasenstrahls ist, der aus der Hauptöffnung stammt und die Öffnung des Mehrphasenstrahls, der aus der Ausgangsöffnung der Düse austritt, durch eine Variation des geregelten Impulses des mindestens einen Betätigungsstrahls, dessen sekundäre Richtung schneidend oder fast schneidend mit der Hauptrichtung ist, variiert wird.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 und 9 zur Modifikation der Öffnung eines Mehrphasenstrahls, wobei die sekundäre Ausrichtung von mindestens einem Betätigungsstrahl, der in die Düse injiziert wird, nicht im Wesentlichen koplanar mit der Hauptrichtung des Mehrphasenstrahls ist, der aus der Hauptöffnung stammt, und wobei die Öffnung des Mehrphasenstrahls, der aus der Ausgangsöffnung der Düse austritt, durch eine Variation des geregelten Impulses des mindestens einen Betätigungsstrahls, dessen sekundäre Richtung nicht im Wesentlichen koplanar mit der Hauptrichtung ist, variiert wird.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, wobei der Mehrphasenstrahl ein Zweiphasenstrahl Flüssigkeit/Gas oder ein Zweiphasenstrahl Feststoff/Gas ist.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, wobei der Mehrphasenstrahl eine Dispersion von flüssigem Stickstoff enthält.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, wobei der Mehrphasenstrahl eine Dispersion eines flüssigen Brennstoffs und/oder eines festen Brennstoffs umfasst.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei der Mehrphasenstrahl eine Dispersion in einem gasförmigen Brennstoff ist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei der gasförmige Brennstoff einen Sauerstoffgehalt von mindesten 40 % Vol, vorzugsweise mindestens 50 % Vol und insbesondere mindestens 90 % Vol aufweist.
EP09704348.3A 2008-01-10 2009-01-09 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum variieren der eigenschaften eines mehrphasenstrahls Not-in-force EP2249968B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0850145A FR2926230B1 (fr) 2008-01-10 2008-01-10 Appareil et procede pour faire varier les proprietes d'un jet multiphasique.
PCT/FR2009/050033 WO2009092949A1 (fr) 2008-01-10 2009-01-09 Appareil et procede pour faire varier les proprietes d'un jet multiphasique

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EP2415886A1 (de) 2010-08-04 2012-02-08 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Altmetall
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CN104874499A (zh) * 2015-06-18 2015-09-02 绵竹市三友机械设备制造厂 一种固定式喷枪
CN105214532B (zh) * 2015-10-28 2018-05-11 贵州电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 新型锅炉脱硝用氨水混合器
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CN101909761B (zh) 2013-05-01
FR2926230B1 (fr) 2014-12-12
US20100276507A1 (en) 2010-11-04
JP5718055B2 (ja) 2015-05-13
EP2249968A1 (de) 2010-11-17
JP2011509183A (ja) 2011-03-24
FR2926230A1 (fr) 2009-07-17
CN101909761A (zh) 2010-12-08
CA2711658A1 (fr) 2009-07-30
RU2475311C2 (ru) 2013-02-20
RU2010133440A (ru) 2012-02-20
BRPI0906690A2 (pt) 2015-06-30
WO2009092949A1 (fr) 2009-07-30

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