EP0458685B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit sowie ihre Anwendungen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit sowie ihre Anwendungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0458685B1
EP0458685B1 EP91401281A EP91401281A EP0458685B1 EP 0458685 B1 EP0458685 B1 EP 0458685B1 EP 91401281 A EP91401281 A EP 91401281A EP 91401281 A EP91401281 A EP 91401281A EP 0458685 B1 EP0458685 B1 EP 0458685B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
flow
annular
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401281A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0458685A1 (de
Inventor
François Renault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Total Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Raffinage Distribution SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total Raffinage Distribution SA filed Critical Total Raffinage Distribution SA
Publication of EP0458685A1 publication Critical patent/EP0458685A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0458685B1 publication Critical patent/EP0458685B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
    • B05B7/065—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet an inner gas outlet being surrounded by an annular adjacent liquid outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F23D11/14—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle with a single outlet, e.g. slit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for spraying liquid.
  • the invention also relates to various applications of this method and of this device.
  • the method and the device according to the invention have been particularly studied for spraying fuels with a view to their combustion, but, obviously, they can be used for spraying liquids for other applications.
  • the Applicant has found a way to spray viscous fuels at higher viscosities than those generally used and therefore at lower temperatures, by developing, in the spraying device, a film of viscous fluid, which is then sprayed in fine droplets using two streams of gaseous fluids.
  • GB-A-2 161 915 describes a burner operating with an excess of air, under low gas pressures.
  • the gas / liquid mass ratio must be very high, often of the order of 2, for the spraying to be correct.
  • the gas velocities used are of the order of 100 to 150 m / s.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore the spraying of liquids, with a view, in particular, to their combustion.
  • the main characteristic of the process according to the invention is therefore that the mass ratio of the gas or gases with respect to the liquid is less than 0.5.
  • the speed of the gas (es) must be as high as possible. It is advantageous if the speeds of the primary and secondary gas flows are sonic at the height of the edge.
  • the gas can be air, water vapor, refinery gas, in the case of the combustion of fuel oil, or water vapor, in the case of the prior spraying of said fuel oil.
  • the primary gas and the secondary gas are identical, these preferably come from one and the same main source, from which the flows of primary gas and secondary gas are then separated .
  • the sprayer 1 shown in the drawings and intended to equip an oven for the combustion of a heavy fuel, is incorporated in an external body 2 of cylindrical section, secured to a rod, not shown, fixing the whole to the wall of the oven.
  • All the parts of the injector are parts of revolution around the axis A-A ′.
  • the combination of the body 4, the distributors 5 and 6 and the nozzle 7 constitutes the water vapor distributor.
  • the tube 3 is, as has been said previously, the main tube for supplying water vapor to the sprayer, via the internal cylindrical channel 9 of the tube 3, connected to a source of steam not shown.
  • the external wall 10 of the tube 3 and the internal wall 11 of the external body 2 constitute an annular channel 12 for supplying heavy fuel, connected to a source of heavy fuel, not shown.
  • the channel 9 supplies water vapor to a central cylindrical internal chamber 13, arranged in the central body 4.
  • cylindrical channels 14 In the central body 4 are provided cylindrical channels 14, the inputs 16 of which are arranged at the entrance to the chamber 13 and the outputs of which 17 open into an annular chamber 18 arranged in the distributor 5.
  • the channels 14 not visible on the sections have not been shown in broken lines, as is customary.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are also provided cylindrical channels 19, the inlets 20 of which are arranged at the downstream end of the chamber 13 and the outlets 21 of which open into inlets 22 of corresponding cylindrical channels 23, arranged in the distributor 6, by means of a groove 21 ′ forming an annular distribution channel.
  • annular channel 23 ′ formed by a portion of the internal wall of the end piece 7 and of the internal wall 32 ′ of the distributor 6 forming the edge with the external wall 32 of said distributor.
  • central body 4 In the central body 4 are further arranged cylindrical channels 24, only two of which have been shown for clarity, the inlets 25 of which are located at the end of the channel 12 and the outlets 26 of which open into an annular channel 27 .
  • the walls of this channel are constituted by a bevelled portion 28 of the body 4 and by a portion of the internal wall 29 of the distributor 5
  • the channel 27 is extended by an annular channel 30, the walls of which are constituted by a portion of the internal wall 31 of the external body 2 and a portion of the external wall 32 of the distributor 6, which constitutes the edge on which the liquid prefilm, which can be smooth or serrated.
  • the channel 30 is extended by a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • a circular channel 33 in the form of a ring and possibly of a venturi, the walls of which consist of a portion 34 of the internal wall of the external body 2 and a portion 35 of the external wall of the end piece 7
  • the channel 33 is in the form of venturi, part of the kinetic energy of the gas is transformed into pressure.
  • the injector will be able to operate at lower pressure levels.
  • the annular chamber 18 is connected to the channel 30 by cylindrical channels 36, arranged in the distributor 5 and extended by an annular channel 38, constituted by a portion 37 of the exterior wall of the distributor 5 and a portion 39 of the interior wall of the body external 2.
  • the sprayer is mounted as follows.
  • the distributor 5 is slid into the external body 2, the central body 4 is engaged in the external body, its end 40 passing through the distributor 5, which is pressed against the hollowed-out end 41 of the external body 2.
  • the distributor 6 and the endpiece 7 are threaded onto the end 40 of the body 2 and the screw 8 is screwed into the thread 42 of the body 4.
  • the sprayer is then slid onto the tube 3 supplying it with steam, then connected to the fuel supply.
  • the heavy fuel is brought through the annular channel 12, the cylindrical channels 24, the annular channel 27 to the annular channel 30.
  • the fuel film formed by the action of the flow of primary peripheral water vapor internally receives a flow of secondary peripheral water vapor. This comes from chamber 13, via inputs 20, channels 19 and 23.
  • the heavy fuel oil is thus finely divided in the canal annular 33 and sprayed into fine droplets at the outlet thereof.
  • the spraying test is carried out using an oil having a density, at 15 ° C, of 850 kg / m3 (measured according to standard AFNOR NFT 60-101) and a viscosity of 300 mm2 / s, at 20 ° C (measured according to AFNOR NFT 60-100 standard).
  • This oil was chosen because of its high viscosity at 20 ° C, representative of that of a viscous fuel at higher temperature. It is in fact preferable to carry out the test at 20 ° C. for reasons of safety and ease of measurement.
  • the diameter of the droplets at the outlet of the sprayer using a laser granulometer.
  • the oil flow rate is 200 kg / h and the pressure is 6.105 pascals.
  • nitrogen is used as an auxiliary fluid at a mass rate of 0.2 relative to the oil, the pressure of nitrogen being 6.10 6.1 pascals.
  • the average diameter of the droplets obtained is 85 thousandths of mm.
  • the fuel oil temperature is 120 ° C (its viscosity is then 330 mm2 / s) and its pressure is 5.105 pascals, the flow rate being 150 kg / h.
  • water vapor is used as an auxiliary fluid at a mass ratio of 0.2 relative to the fuel, the pressure of the water vapor being 5.5 ⁇ 105 pascals.
  • the diameter of the droplets at the outlet of the sprayer is measured using a laser granulometer.
  • the oil flow rate is 600 kg / h and the pressure is 5.6.105 pascals.
  • nitrogen is used as an auxiliary fluid at a mass ratio of 0.07 relative to the oil, the nitrogen pressure being 5.105 pascals.
  • the average diameter of the droplets obtained is 100 thousandths of a mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Verfahren zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit mit Hilfe mindestens eines Hilfsströmungsmittels, wie eines Gases, wobei mit einem ringförmigen Strom der Flüssigkeit, einem ringförmigen Strom eines Primärgases und einem ringförmigen Strom eines mit dem Primärgas identischen oder davon verschiedenen Sekundärgases gearbeitet wird und wobei
    a) der Flüssigkeitsstrom in das Innere des Primärgasstromes in der Strömungsrichtung desselben geführt wird,
    b) ein dünner, ringförmiger Flüssigkeitsfilm erzeugt wird, indem die koaxialen Flüssigkeits- und Primärgasströme auf die Peripherie eines Ringes mit freien Enden geführt werden, von denen das eine kantenförmig ausgebildet ist, und
    c) die Flüssigkeit am Ende der Kante durch die kombinierte Wirkung des Primärgasstromes und des Sekundärgasstromes zerstäubt wird, welcher im Inneren des Ringes in derselben Richtung wie der Flüssigkeitsstrom und der Primärgasstrom strömt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Gasgesamtmasse zur Flüssigkeitsgesamtmasse kleiner als 0,5 ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Primärgas- und Sekundärgasströme in Höhe der Kante Schallgeschwindigkeit aufweisen.
  3. Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben eines Flüssigkeitsstromes mit Hilfe mindestens eines Hilfsströmungsmittels, wie eines Gases, für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 unter Erzeugung eines ringförmigen Stromes der Flüssigkeit, eines ringförmigen Stromes eines Primärgases und eines ringförmigen Stromes eines mit dem Primärgas identischen oder nicht identischen Sekundärgases, welche
    a) mindestens einen Kanal (24) zur Zufuhr der Flüssigkeit zu einem ersten Flüssigkeitsringkanal (27),
    b) mindestens einen Kanal (14) zur Zufuhr des Primärgases zu einem zweiten Primärgasringkanal (38) und
    c) mindestens einen Kanal (19) zur Zufuhr des Sekundärgases zu einem dritten Sekundärgasringkanal (23′)
    aufweist, wobei die Ausgänge der Ringkanäle derart vom Äußeren zum Inneren der Vorrichtung hin angeordnet sind, daß der Ausgang des ersten Kanals (27) und der Ausgang des zweiten Kanals (38) gemeinsam in einen vierten Ringkanal (30) münden, welcher das Flüssigkeit/Primärgas-Gemisch zum Ausgang des dritten Kanals (23′) führt, wobei das Flüssigkeit/Primärgas/Sekundärgas-Gemisch mittels eines fünften Ringkanals (33) aus der Vorrichtung herausgeführt wird und wobei die Innenwand des vierten Ringkanals (30) kantenförmig ausgebildet ist, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden, ineinandergesteckten Elemente:
       einen Außenkörper (2),
       ein zylindrisches Hauptrohr (3) zur Gaszufuhr,
       einen zentralen Injektorkörper (4),
       einen peripheren Gasverteiler (5),
       eine Endhülse (7) und
       ein Befestigungsmittel (8).
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch ein venturidüsenförmig ausgebildetes Teil (50), welches im zylindrischen Hauptrohr (3) zur Gaszufuhr angeordnet ist.
  5. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 bzw. Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 zum Zerstäuben flüssiger Brennstoffe, insbesondere schwerer und viskoser Brennstoffe, im Hinblick auf ihre Verbrennung.
  6. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 bzw. Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 zum Zerstäuben der Charge einer Einheit zum katalytischen Kracken.
EP91401281A 1990-05-23 1991-05-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit sowie ihre Anwendungen Expired - Lifetime EP0458685B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9006447A FR2662377B1 (fr) 1990-05-23 1990-05-23 Procede et dispositif de pulverisation de liquide, ainsi que leurs applications.
FR9006447 1990-05-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0458685A1 EP0458685A1 (de) 1991-11-27
EP0458685B1 true EP0458685B1 (de) 1994-07-27

Family

ID=9396891

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401281A Expired - Lifetime EP0458685B1 (de) 1990-05-23 1991-05-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Flüssigkeit sowie ihre Anwendungen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0458685B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE109031T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69103086T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0458685T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2057803T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2662377B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7547292B2 (en) 2001-01-11 2009-06-16 Powderject Research Limited Needleless syringe
US8540665B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-09-24 Powder Pharmaceuticals Inc. Particle cassettes and processes therefor
US20170304851A1 (en) * 2014-10-09 2017-10-26 Spraying Systems Manufacturing Europe Gmbh Atomizer nozzle

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2316022B (en) * 1996-02-16 2000-12-20 Fujisaki Electric Co Ltd Spraying nozzle and method for ejecting liquid as fine particles
US5845846A (en) * 1969-12-17 1998-12-08 Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd. Spraying nozzle and method for ejecting liquid as fine particles
FR2692502B1 (fr) * 1992-06-19 1995-03-31 Total Raffinage Distribution Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide à l'aide d'au moins un fluide auxiliaire.
BE1008206A3 (fr) * 1993-11-05 1996-02-13 Heurbel S A Perfectionnements aux bruleurs du type oxy-fuel.
FR2717106B1 (fr) * 1994-03-11 1996-05-31 Total Raffinage Distribution Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide, notamment d'un liquide à haute viscosité, à l'aide d'au moins un gaz auxiliaire.
DE19749071A1 (de) * 1997-11-06 1999-06-10 Herbert Huettlin Mehrstoffzerstäubungsdüse
GB2362847A (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-05 Hamworthy Combustion Eng Ltd Fuel burner nozzle
FR2875585B1 (fr) 2004-09-23 2006-12-08 Snecma Moteurs Sa Systeme aerodynamique a effervescence d'injection air/carburant dans une chambre de combustion de turbomachine
EP2236919A1 (de) * 2009-03-17 2010-10-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brenner und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners, insbesondere für eine Gasturbine
DE102010015497A1 (de) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Dieter Wurz Außen mischende Mehrstoffdüse für minimalen inneren Wärmeübergang
CN101884962B (zh) * 2010-07-09 2013-05-08 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 不堵塞、无气阻的锥面气雾喷嘴及锥面气雾形成方法
JP6496186B2 (ja) * 2015-05-26 2019-04-03 株式会社Ｓｃｒｅｅｎホールディングス 基板処理装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2705706A1 (de) * 1977-02-11 1978-08-24 Hans Behr Rund- oder ringstrahlduese zum erzeugen und abstrahlen eines nebels oder aerosols
DE2757522C2 (de) * 1977-12-23 1979-11-22 Behr, Hans, 7000 Stuttgart Rund- oder Ringstrahldüse zum Erzeugen und Abstrahlen eines Nebels oder Aerosols zur Beschichtung von Gegenständen
GB2161915B (en) * 1984-07-20 1988-07-27 Council Scient Ind Res Film burner
DE3724234A1 (de) * 1987-07-22 1989-02-02 Daimler Benz Ag Mit luftunterstuetzung arbeitende kraftstoffduese, insbesondere solche in gasturbinen fuer stationaere gleichdruckverbrennung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7547292B2 (en) 2001-01-11 2009-06-16 Powderject Research Limited Needleless syringe
USRE43824E1 (en) 2001-01-11 2012-11-20 Powder Pharmaceuticals Inc. Needleless syringe
US8540665B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-09-24 Powder Pharmaceuticals Inc. Particle cassettes and processes therefor
US9044546B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2015-06-02 Powder Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Particle cassettes and processes therefor
US9358338B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2016-06-07 Powder Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Particle cassettes and processes therefor
US20170304851A1 (en) * 2014-10-09 2017-10-26 Spraying Systems Manufacturing Europe Gmbh Atomizer nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE109031T1 (de) 1994-08-15
FR2662377A1 (fr) 1991-11-29
ES2057803T3 (es) 1994-10-16
DK0458685T3 (da) 1994-09-05
DE69103086D1 (de) 1994-09-01
FR2662377B1 (fr) 1994-06-03
EP0458685A1 (de) 1991-11-27
DE69103086T2 (de) 1995-03-02

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