EP0965791B1 - Brennstoffeinspritzdüse zum nebelartigen Einspritzen des Brennstoffes und Brenner mit einer solchen Einspritzdüse - Google Patents

Brennstoffeinspritzdüse zum nebelartigen Einspritzen des Brennstoffes und Brenner mit einer solchen Einspritzdüse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0965791B1
EP0965791B1 EP99401368A EP99401368A EP0965791B1 EP 0965791 B1 EP0965791 B1 EP 0965791B1 EP 99401368 A EP99401368 A EP 99401368A EP 99401368 A EP99401368 A EP 99401368A EP 0965791 B1 EP0965791 B1 EP 0965791B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
injector
diameter
burner
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99401368A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0965791A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Bodelin
Bernard Labegorre
Patrick Recourt
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0425—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid without any source of compressed gas, e.g. the air being sucked by the pressurised liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0433—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of gas surrounded by an external conduit of liquid upstream the mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/002—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space spraying nozzle arranged within furnace openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
    • B05B7/066—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fuel injectors in the form of a mist (known in the art as spray name), for oil burners with a rod crossed by coaxial channels, one of which leads to a spray fluid and another a liquid fuel which are then transmitted to this injector. It relates to also burners fitted with such an injector.
  • the means adapted to spray a liquid given under the best conditions do not give necessarily the best results for another liquid having different physical properties, and moreover the composition sought for the mist varies from application to another.
  • spraying combustible liquids in the burners also poses specific problems such as avoiding flashbacks and coking of the output injector, which lead to the impossibility directly apply or simply adapt the devices other areas, and that we have always sought to be resolved by appropriate means.
  • Patent GB 209691 A describes a fuel injector comprising internally a channel through which a liquid fuel and a spraying fluid can be transmitted to the downstream part of the injector.
  • the downstream part presents internally in the longitudinal alignment of the channel and in succession towards the free end, a chamber having a cross section greater than that of said channel, a neck extending the chamber having a cylindrical shape and a cross section smaller than that of said chamber, and a projection mouth open at the free end of the injector, having a cross section greater than that of said neck.
  • US Patent 792,265 shows a burner coaxially comprising a central channel traversed by a combustible liquid, and two annular canals traversed by a stream of pressurized steam, fed in their upstream region respectively by the liquid to be sprayed and by steam ; the free end (downstream) of the first partition annular, common to the central channel and to the annular channel immediately adjacent, is far upstream of the free end (downstream) of the second annular partition; in this way, a first external spraying of combustible liquid is performed during shearing from the outside, of the liquid jet, by the vapor arriving annularly around this jet, at the free end forming the nozzle of the first annular bulkhead; the second annular partition determines internally from this free end a new central channel through which the resulting current flows from the first spray; this current is subject to a second external spray at the free ends, lying in the same transverse plane, of the two partitions forming the nozzle of the second annular channel.
  • US Patent 1,279,315 shows a structure burner neighbor, but in which the first annular channel is traversed by a current of air, while the second is traversed by a current of air or vapor, with the same disadvantages than those mentioned above.
  • the ends respective downstream at least of the two annular channels terminate by a nozzle whose downstream end of the central channel, slightly recessed inside the intermediate annular canal, is nevertheless very close; it follows that although the liquid product to be sprayed is transmitted through the intermediate annular channel, spraying produced by the interior spray gas can be assimilated to external spraying (it results from shearing of the liquid jet through the angular end of the outer wall of the annular channel for the liquid); the spraying by external spraying gas is naturally also an external spray, and thus these devices can be considered to be at two external sprays. Consequently, mastery fine mist spray state (diameter medium of drops and fraction of small drops) is therefore very delicate.
  • a rod comprising an input part comprising coaxially from a channel central for an "internal" spray fluid fuel oil, an annular channel for fuel oil, and an annular channel for an "external” spray fluid; enter here outer wall of the cane, and the burner bulkhead, is determined an additional annular channel bringing a gas oxidizer.
  • the central channel for the internal spray fluid ends with a "internal" injector opening into the channel for fuel oil thus forming, downstream of the internal injector, a central channel containment constituting a pre-spray space for internal spraying fluid and fuel oil, surrounded by the annular channel for the spray fluid external, while the channel for the oxidant gas remains between the outer wall of the cane and the burner bulkhead.
  • All or part of the pre-spray space can be made in a room in the form of an injector "Mixing" by which is injected into the quill of the burner, fuel oil sprayed with spray fluid internal, and around which the spraying fluid is injected external.
  • the invention relates more precisely to such an injector of combustible mixture traversed by a fluid internal spraying and the fuel itself (liquid), and therefore aims to create a mist injector fuel allowing an improvement in the quality of spraying, on the one hand avoiding the presence of "Flakes" within the flame produced by the burner, the term “flakes” designating fuel drops big enough to stay individually very clearly visible when they burn within the flame, and on the other hand by increasing the stability of the flame, the attachment of the flame to the burner nose being made almost systematic.
  • the longitudinal central channel containment constituting the pre-spray space has two regions 11, 12 of different diameters truncated in a zone 13, region 11 of largest diameter constituting the entry region of the injector and the region 12 of smaller diameter its region Release.
  • the ratio of the length of the region 12 at its diameter is of the order of 8 to 12, and typically equal to approximately 9.
  • the spraying liquid fuel results from tearing off the film lining the wall of the injector channel, which on the one hand, produces relatively large drops, and on the other hand quickly pulls small droplets into the stream spray fluid (e.g. air), flowing at high speed, which limits the amount of fuel evaporated locally and does not allow good combustion of the heavy fuel oil.
  • the stream spray fluid e.g. air
  • the invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks by increasing the mass fraction of small drops, and by decreasing the average diameter of the drops and the speed of small drops, and also improve the flame stability inside and outside of the burner outlet thanks to the adoption of an appropriate geometry for the injector, or at least for the downstream part of it which ends with its free end.
  • the invention relates to a fuel injector, in particular for oil burner, internally comprising a duct through which a fuel in the li q fluid at least partially in the form of a film lining the internal wall of the channel and a spraying fluid are transmitted to the downstream part of the injector ending in the free end of the latter through which the fuel is projected out of the injector, forming a mist with the stream of spraying fluid, characterized in that this downstream part has internally in the longitudinal alignment of the channel and in succession towards the free end, a film destabilization chamber having a cross section greater than that of the channel, a film tearing neck extending the chamber destabilization and having a cylindrical shape and a cross section smaller than that of this chamber, and a projection mouth open to the ex free end of the injector, into which the tearing neck opens, and having a cross section greater than that of the neck, and in that the projection mouth is a cylinder, and its length is at most equal to the diameter of the neck .
  • the fuel film liquid is more easily detached from the wall of the canal than in the fuel mixture injectors according to the prior art, when it has entered the bottleneck intended for this purpose, and this results in the formation of droplets thinner in greater quantity.
  • the invention also relates to a burner of the type comprising a rod with a downstream end carries a mixture injector as mentioned above and an external injector, characterized in that the rod has internally a thread in which is screwed the mixture injector and externally a thread around which the external injector is screwed, and has a annular canal extending by a determined space between the external injector and the mixture injector.
  • the fuel mixture injector 3 in particular for oil burner, the downstream part of which is shown in FIG. 2, can be made in one piece, or still be made up of several separate pieces including one consists, for example, mainly of the part downstream of this figure.
  • This injector internally comprises a cylindrical channel 31 by which a fuel in the liquid state and a spray fluid is transmitted to its end free downstream so that the fuel is projected in forming a mist with the spray fluid stream.
  • the injector In its downstream part, the injector has internally, in the longitudinal alignment of channel 31 and in succession towards the free end of this part, a room 32 of destabilization of the film having a section transverse greater than that of the canal, a neck 33 tear film extending the destabilization chamber and having a cylindrical shape and a cross section less than that of this room and that of the canal, and a mouth of projection 34 open at the free end of the injector, into which the tearing opening opens, and having a cross section greater than that of the neck.
  • the projection mouth 34 is a cylinder, and its length is at most equal to the diameter of the neck 33.
  • Chamber 32 connects to channel 31 and the neck 33 by shoulders defining perpendicular surfaces at the direction of flow indicated by an arrow in the figures; on the other hand, the neck 33 and the mouth 34 connect frusto-conically, the trunk of cone of connection with a very obtuse angle at the top.
  • the thickness of the partition surrounding the mouth of projection 34 is weak, as we will see below, to avoid the risks of coking at the end of the injector.
  • the fuel in the liquid state traverses the channel 31 at least partially in the form of a film lining the inner wall of the canal.
  • the channel 31 is connected to the region of tearing off the film constituted by the bottleneck 33 raising an obstacle to the flow and thus favoring the bursting of the film of liquid fuel through the gaseous spray fluid stream.
  • chamber 32 the hanging of the film on the inner wall of the injector is destabilized, the abrupt section variations which result in the presence of shoulders whose surface extends perpendicular to the direction of flow facilitating lifting and spraying then made at the neck 33. Also, the chamber 32 of larger diameter than the channel 31 decreases the speed of small drops transported by atomizing air whose inertial effect is negligible due to their low mass.
  • the length of the bottleneck is relatively short compared to its diameter.
  • the small thickness of the partition surrounding the projection mouth 34 makes it possible to prevent risks of coking at the end of the injector, reducing the surface exposed to radiation from the oven.
  • this downstream part externally has a general shape cylindrical connecting frustoconically to the region surrounding the mouth 34.
  • the channel 31, the destabilization chamber 32, the neck 33 and the projection mouth 34 has a circular straight cross section.
  • D5 - D4 must be weak, but for reasons of mechanical resistance, we adopt D5 - D4 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • At least this downstream part of the injector is metallic, for reasons of resistance mechanical and temperature resistance.
  • the injector which has just been described is intended for equip a burner comprising a cane 4 whose end downstream carrying the injector and opening into the opening block of an oven is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, mounting the burner according to the invention with respect to the block workman being himself represented schematically in the figure 4.
  • the downstream end of the rod 4 has externally a thread around which an external injector is screwed 5, and internally a thread into which is screwed the mixture injector 3 which has just been described; space annular 51 determined between the external injector and the mixing injector, in the extension of an annular channel 41 of the cane for the external spraying fluid, follows the contour of the mixture injector up to respective free ends of the two injectors 3, 5 which lead into the same plane; however, the internal injector by which the internal spraying fluid is introduced in the fuel stream is receding in the rod 4, upstream of the mixture injector.
  • Rod 4 is positioned in the opening block of so that is defined between its outer wall and the inner wall of the block, an annular channel for the oxidizer, and that the free end of the external injector 5 is around the downstream end of the upstream region 61 se connecting to the frustoconical region 63.
  • the centering of the rod in the upstream region 61 is produced by means of a ring 42 fixed around the cane, presenting naturally passages extending from upstream to downstream, for the oxidant.
  • the oxidizer is brought into the body of the burner 7 by a lateral pipe 71 opening into the upstream region thereof.
  • the opening block presents a burner attachment region in the form of a projection with walls opposite shoulders 64, 65 whose upper shoulder 65 is connected to the body of the block workman by a bleeding 66;
  • the burner body has an outer flange 72, and the removable fixing of the burner to the workman is carried out by means of a device 8 comprising hooking elements 81 made of folded sheet metal fitting approximately the shape of the shoulders; these elements hooking have an end flange 82 inserted in the groove 66, and are provided with threaded members 83 adapted to be housed in notches 73 extending in the region device of the flange 72 which they pass right through part and locked by nuts 84.
  • the burner body 7 and the rod 4 are fixed to each other at flanges 74, 43 respective welded around them, by means of a removable fixing device comprising screeds 75 carried by the peripheral wall of the burner body each comprising a pivot 76 around from which is articulated a threaded rod 77 adapted for be housed in corresponding notches opposite in the peripheral region of the two flanges 74, 43 which it crosses right through and which is blocked by a nut 78.
  • the mounting of the body of the burner on the quarry block by means of the fixing device 8 is fast since it suffices to set up the hooking elements 81 on the shoulder projection 64, 65 and attaching the flange 72 thereto by means of the nuts 84; then the mounting of the rod 4 in the burner body is carried out easily by putting its flange 43 opposite the flange 74 of the burner body and tightening the nuts 78 around the rods threaded 77 after these have been flipped into the notches of the two flanges.
  • the burner being mounted under these conditions, of a most of the mist from the injector is made up finer droplets than by injectors of the prior art, and also trained unless high speed, which promotes the combustion of fuel oils heavy, and on the other hand the flame is more stable in the workman region.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse, insbesondere für Ölbrenner, umfassend im Innern einen Kanal (31), durch den ein Brennstoff in flüssigem Zustand mindestens teilweise als ein die Innenwand des Kanals auskleidender Film und eine Sprühflüssigkeit in den unteren Teil der Einspritzdüse übertragen werden, der in dem freien Ende der Düse ausläuft, durch das der Brennstoff aus der Einspritzdüse heraus gespritzt wird, wobei mit dem Sprühflüssigkeitsstrom ein Nebel gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser untere Teil im Innern längs mit dem Kanal (31) fluchtend und in Richtung auf das freie Ende nachfolgend eine Kammer (32) zur Destabilisierung des Films, die einen größeren Querschnitt als der Kanal aufweist, einen Engpass (33) zum Abreißen des Films, der die Destabilisierungskammer verlängert und eine Zylinderform und einen kleineren Querschnitt als diese Kammer aufweist, und eine Spritzöffnung (34), die an dem freien Ende der Einspritzdüse offen ist, in die der Abreißengpass einmündet, und einen größeren Querschnitt als der Engpass aufweist, aufweist, und dass die Sprühöffnung (34) ein Zylinder ist, und ihre Länge (L3) höchstens dem Durchmesser (D3) des Engpasses (33) entspricht.
  2. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abreißengpass (33) einen kleineren Querschnitt als der Kanal (31) aufweist.
  3. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Destabilisierungskammer (32) einen Rundquerschnitt aufweist, dessen Durchmesser (D2) ungefähr um die Hälfte größer ist als der Durchmesser (D1) des Kanals (31), dessen Querschnitt ebenfalls rund ist.
  4. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Destabilisierungskammer (32) einen Rundquerschnitt aufweist und ihre Länge (L1) ungefähr dreimal ihrem Durchmesser (D2) entspricht.
  5. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abreißengpass (33) einen Rundquerschnitt aufweist und seine Länge (L2) kleiner ist als sein Durchmesser (D3).
  6. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abreißengpass (33) einen Rundquerschnitt aufweist und seine Länge (L2) um ein Viertel größer ist als sein Durchmesser (D3).
  7. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spritzöffnung (34) einen Rundquerschnitt aufweist und ihre Länge (L3) mindestens der Hälfte des Durchmessers (D3) des Engpasses (33) entspricht.
  8. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spritzöffnung (34) einen Rundquerschnitt aufweist und ihr Durchmesser (D4) ungefähr um die Hälfte größer ist als der Durchmesser (D3) des Abreißengpasses (33) ist, dessen Querschnitt ebenfalls rund ist.
  9. Brennstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spritzöffnung (34) von einer ringförmigen Trennwand umgeben ist, deren Außendurchmesser (D5) um ungefähr 1 mm größer ist als der Innendurchmesser (D4).
  10. Einspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der untere Teil aus Metall besteht.
  11. Einspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ganz aus Metall besteht.
  12. Brenner von der Art mit einem Rohr (4), dessen unteres Ende eine Mischeinspritzdüse (3) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und eine Außeneinspritzdüse (5) trägt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr im Innern ein Gewinde, in das die Mischeinspritzdüse (3) eingeschraubt wird, und außen ein Gewinde, um das die Außeneinspritzdüse (5) geschraubt ist, aufweist und einen ringförmigen Kanal (41) umfasst, der sich um einen Raum (51) verlängert, der zwischen der Außeneinspritzdüse und der Mischeinspritzdüse festgelegt ist.
  13. Brenner nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die freien Enden der beiden Einspritzdüsen (3, 5) in dieselbe Ebene einmünden.
  14. Brenner nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Körper umfasst, der außen eine Befestigungsklammer (72) mit einem Arbeitsöffnungsloch und einen Verbindungsflansch (74) mit einem Flansch (43) des Rohres (4) trägt.
  15. Brenner nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Körper umfasst, der außen Abdeckungen (75) trägt, die jeweils einen Drehzapfen (76) umfassen, um den ein Gewindestift (77) angelenkt ist, der dazu geeignet ist, in entsprechenden Einschnitten gegenüber dem Umfangsbereich von zwei Flanschen (74, 43) gelagert zu werden, die jeweils von dem Körper des Brenners und von dem Rohr getragen werden, durch das er völlig hindurch geht und das mit einer Mutter (78) verriegelt wird.
  16. Verwendung der Einspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 in einem Ölbrenner.
EP99401368A 1998-06-15 1999-06-08 Brennstoffeinspritzdüse zum nebelartigen Einspritzen des Brennstoffes und Brenner mit einer solchen Einspritzdüse Expired - Lifetime EP0965791B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9807499 1998-06-15
FR9807499A FR2779805B1 (fr) 1998-06-15 1998-06-15 Injecteur de combustible sous forme de brouillard pour bruleur a fioul et bruleur muni d'un tel injecteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0965791A1 EP0965791A1 (de) 1999-12-22
EP0965791B1 true EP0965791B1 (de) 2004-08-11

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US (1) US6135366A (de)
EP (1) EP0965791B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2000028111A (de)
DE (1) DE69919272T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2226305T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2779805B1 (de)

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US9573147B1 (en) * 2016-04-15 2017-02-21 Kaer Biotherapeutics Corporation Aerosolizing nozzle and method of operating such aerosolizing nozzle
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US11656000B2 (en) 2019-08-14 2023-05-23 Ademco Inc. Burner control system
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2779805A1 (fr) 1999-12-17
DE69919272T2 (de) 2005-08-04
EP0965791A1 (de) 1999-12-22
JP2000028111A (ja) 2000-01-25
US6135366A (en) 2000-10-24
ES2226305T3 (es) 2005-03-16
FR2779805B1 (fr) 2000-07-21
DE69919272D1 (de) 2004-09-16

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