EP0572652A1

EP0572652A1 - Heat exchanger of the welded plate type and method for fabricating of such a heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: EP0572652A1
Application number: EP93902374A
Authority: EP
Inventors: André Peze
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-12-23
Filing date: 1992-12-23
Publication date: 1993-12-08
Also published as: FR2685462A1; JPH06506054A; US5494100A; WO1993013377A1; CA2103581A1; FR2685462B1

Abstract

L'échangeur de chaleur à plaques soudées est remarquable en ce qu'il comprend et reçoit notamment un faisceau de plusieurs modules (M) constitué de deux plaques (5 et 6), lesdites plaques étant reliées entre elles par des zones de liaison obtenues par soudage au laser et étant mises en forme par hydroformage, lesdites plaques présentant leurs extrémités transversales rabattues et débouchantes en définissant entre elles une cavité intérieure longitudinale constitutive d'un premier conduit de circulation d'un fluide, lesdits modules étant associés entre eux par liaison des extrémités rabattues des plaques en regard en définissant ainsi dans un plan transversal un second circuit d'air fluide (B).The welded plate heat exchanger is remarkable in that it comprises and in particular receives a bundle of several modules (M) consisting of two plates (5 and 6), said plates being connected together by connection zones obtained by laser welding and being shaped by hydroforming, said plates having their transverse ends folded down and emerging by defining between them a longitudinal interior cavity constituting a first conduit for circulation of a fluid, said modules being associated with each other by connection of folded ends of the facing plates thus defining in a transverse plane a second fluid air circuit (B).

Description

WELDED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD

FOR MANUFACTURING PLATE MODULES ALLOWING

OBTAINING SUCH EXCHANGERS

The present invention relates to the technical sector of plate heat exchangers and their various constituents.

The heat exchangers developed to date can be classified into two main categories, namely: tubular exchangers and plate exchangers with joints or welded.

These different exchangers are operated by several manufacturers. These operations are satisfactory, although in all cases presenting a certain number of non-negligible drawbacks which limit their performance and their reliability.

- Tubular exchangers have the disadvantage of being inefficient and require ... large exchange surfaces: due to their exchange coefficient. They are heavy, bulky and expensive.

Plate exchangers with seals consist of a stack of an appropriate number of profiled and ribbed plates which are clamped between two frames by means of tie rods. These plates have in their corners openings which delimit, in the stack, inlet and outlet passages for fluids. The alternation of the latter in the successive spaces defined between the plates is obtained by the use of profile joints and suitable shapes. These exchangers have good thermal performance with a small footprint, but their reliability is limited by the strength of the seals: nature, temperature and pressure of the product to be conveyed; moreover other factors, such as aging or others are likely to act on these joints. Welded plate heat exchangers take up the advantages of plate heat exchangers with seals, at a higher cost while eliminating the disadvantages of these. They nevertheless have several disadvantages of their own - and stem from their method of development and design, these disadvantages are recognized and recognized by the manufacturers.

A first drawback lies in the fact that the plates are produced by stamping, which gives residual stresses or tensions following the method of obtaining to obtain the profile of the plates.

A second drawback lies in the appearance of crevices which are observed, on the one hand, at the level of the connection of the plates between them constituting the bundle and, on the other hand, of the manifolds for fluids with this bundle.

There is thus shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings; the profile of the welded plates (1 - 2) according to the prior art with the weld zone (3) source of crevices. FIG. 3 also shows the deformation obtained by pressure. It is noted that this in the exchanger accentuates the crevices (4) inherent in the manufacturing method used, first it is formed, then it is welded, and thus facilitates the stagnation of products such as chlorides in water. Consequently, there is stagnation and concentration of the latter in these crevices, then corrosion which may ultimately lead to the destruction of stainless steel appliances. A third drawback of plate heat exchangers lies in the expansion constraints.

Indeed, in rectangular or cubic devices where the bundle consisting of plates linked two by two by welding and then stacked vertically, the pressure resistance of the device is constituted by a frame or box provided with a door, the bundle is at its upper and lower ends at very different temperatures; thus, the frame is also subjected to beam-like temperatures but different due to its thickness. Due to temperature differences, the plates all expand differently, and the frame or box is gradually deformed giving an ideal troncopyra appearance. Therefore, the beam is energized as a result of these temperature differences, which causes additional constraints to those inherent in the manufacturing method (stamping). In the case where the parallelepipedic device is a self-resisting beam and only two thick external plates form a structure taking up the pressure forces, the design of the beam which has two external walls, which are an integral part of the two self-resisting end chambers, and which they do not fully participate in the exchange surface, are therefore at temperatures different from all the other plates constituting the bundle, "because in no case are the contact points sufficient to ensure temperature uniformity between the walls constituting these end chambers, the coefficient of heat transfer by convection being generally higher than that by conduction ", therefore significant constraints in these two end chambers. At the connection by welding them with the other chambers and manifolds, these constraints can cause breakage or leakage

A fourth drawback of heat exchangers with welded plates lies in the fact that they are not 100% radiographable. There are access parts which are impossible to control, in particular as regards the assembly of the plate bundle on the frame, these areas being inaccessible to current means of control.

The aim sought after according to the present invention was therefore to remedy the drawbacks noted of tubular exchangers and exchangers with welded plates.

In this case, the goal is to design a heat exchanger having the performance of heat exchangers. welded plates, with the same compactness, and offering the reliability of the tubular exchanger.

Another object is to coïicevoir an exchanger which does not generate constraints as a result of its manufacturing method.

Another aim is to design an exchanger which can be entirely radiographed with total accessibility for inspection.

Another object is to design an exchanger eliminating all zones of crevices between its plates or between the plates and the frame.

Another object is to design an exchanger offering great ease of cleaning on one of its circuits, and also supporting, without particular difficulty, significant pressures. These and other objects will become apparent from the following description.

According to a first characteristic, the heat exchanger with welded plates, is remarkable in that it comprises and in particular receives a bundle of several modules consisting of two plates, said plates being connected together by connection zones obtained by welding with laser and being shaped by hydroforming, said plates having their transverse ends folded down and emerging by defining between them a longitudinal interior cavity constituting a first conduit for circulation of a fluid A, said modules being associated with one another by connection of the ends folded back facing plates thus defining in a transverse plane a second circuit of a fluid B.

According to another characteristic, different modules of two plates are produced to constitute a bundle of modules intended to be inserted into the body of an exchanger, the method consisting in producing each module from two plates which are previously linked together by connecting zones defined along their periphery and at certain interior points, in a next phase to shape the two plates by hydroforming, after shaping an interior cavity, in a next phase to cut the transverse ends of the constituent plates of the module in order to define a direction of circulation of a first fluid, then to shape said transverse ends of the plates of each module to allow after placing side by side of the adjacent modules the connection of the ends of the plates together to constitute a second passage circuit of a fluid.

These characteristics and others will become apparent from the following description.

To fix the object of the invention illustrated not li itatively to the figures of the drawings where:

Figures 1, 2 and 3 are schematic views illustrating the bonding zones by welding of the welded plate heat exchangers, and highlighting their crevices.

Figure 4 is a schematic view illustrating the principle of the method of manufacturing the heat exchanger plates and the heat exchanger consisting of such plates according to the invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the formation of connecting zones of two plates of the exchanger constituting a module.

FIG. 6 shows the shaping of the two plates between them constituting a module, in order to define a fluid circulation conduit.

Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the shaping with transverse cutting of one of the ends of the module. Figure 8 is a front view of a plate module before shaping its ends.

Figure 9 is a schematic view of the module according to Figure 7 with inversion of the ends of the facing plates. Figure 10 is a view illustrating the assembly of several plate modules together.

Figure 11 is a top view illustrating the connection of two modules together.

Figure 12 is a sectional view of an exchanger arranged with plate modules according to the invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view along the line AA in FIG. 12.

Figure 14 is an exterior view of a plate heat exchanger according to the invention.

In order to make the object of the invention more concrete, it is now described in a nonlimiting manner in the figures of the drawings.

As it appeared in the description relating to the prior art for the plate exchangers, the known technique consisted in principle in shaping the plates of the exchanger and then carrying out their welding in appropriate zones. The originality of the invention lies in the fact that the plates (5 - 6) which are capable of being integrated into the exchanger are linked together beforehand to define a module (M), then then they are put in place shaped to define fluid circulation channels.

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 11 of the drawings, the process for manufacturing the exchange plates and the exchanger made up of these consists of the following phases: Plates (5 - 6) of rectangular section of dimensions are produced suitable and made of metallic material.

We proceed to the superposition of two plates between them. The next phase consists in ensuring connection zones (7) between the two plates in a configuration judiciously studied to respond to a plate profile taking into account thermal, hydraulic and pressure resistance problems, said zones defining connection lines. (7.1), or points (7.2) connecting the plates together. These connections are obtained by performing a welding of appropriate shapes using a laser beam which thus allows the plates to be assembled together while removing any added material to ensure their fixing.

When the various connection zones according to the appropriate configuration, are carried out, a connection is made over the entire periphery of the two plates and of the protruding heel (8) constituting a module, which becomes watertight by having previously introduced a leaflet (9 ) which will allow the entry of the forming fluid (Figure 5).

The next phase consists in introducing, by the brochure, a pressurized fluid (air, oil, water, etc.) capable of causing, by hydroforming, the deformation of the plates between them which remain maintained and linked by laser welds on their periphery and in different appropriate places.

This gives a configuration of the plates illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6.

The next phase (figure 7) then consists in removing and-r- detaching the heel (8) containing the booklet (9), by recovering it, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, (figure 8 ) to cut each of the transverse ends of the plates according to a suitable cut which then makes it possible to obtain a circular profile in the form of a sector C which can be seen in FIG. 10, then separate the two plates at the four corners.

The next phase illustrated in FIG. 9 consists in folding the two ends (5.2 - 6.2) of the plates (5 - 6) constituting the module to a horizontal position substantially square with respect to the longitudinal plane of the plates. This shows transverse bands which, after leveling the edges (5.3 6 6.3), will allow the modules (M) to be assembled together, at butt welds, as shown in Figure 10. This determines the second circuit for the passage of the exchanger fluid referenced by the letter

(B), while the first circuit defined by the modules is referenced by (A).

In a particularly advantageous manner, as it appears in FIGS. 10, 11 and following, the bundle constituted by the various modules (M) of plates (5 - 6) is introduced into the exchanger (E) of cylindrical shape. To this end, the formatting illustrated in FIG. 8 of the cutouts (5.1 - 6.1) at the transverse ends of the modules is such that when the various modules are assembled together, the juxtaposition of all the sectors is obtained

(C), a circular crown (Cl) corresponding to the internal profile of the exchanger.

There is shown in Figures 12, 13 and 14, the introduction of different modules (M) of plates object of the invention inside a heat exchanger. The latter comprises a longitudinal body (11) of ... great length, made of all weldable materials, in one or more parts, capable of being held in position relative to support planes, by clamping ring (15) Or other. At each of its ends, the body receives hats

(12 - 13) preformed defining two interior chambers

(12.1 - 12.2 - 13.1 - 13.2) separated for the passage of the two fluids (A and B) separately. The fluid (A) crosses the heat exchanger longitudinally through the conduits formed on the caps and passing longitudinally through the various modules. The fluid (B) is collected by nozzles (14) then directing it into the peripheral inner chamber of the two caps by crossing, in a transverse plane then longitudinally, the different modules in the plane indicated according to the figure 10, the two circuits being perfectly against the current.

The advantages emerge clearly from the invention and in particular the new concept of

1 * exchanger which combines all the advantages of tubular exchangers and welded plate exchangers known from the prior art. It also meets the various aims sought, as recalled at the origin of the invention.

This exchanger finds many applications such as, but not limited to, petrochemicals.

Claims

-1- Heat exchanger with welded plates, characterized in that it comprises and in particular receives a bundle of several modules (M) consisting of two plates (5 - 6), said plates being interconnected by connection zones obtained by laser welding and being shaped by hydroforming, said plates having their transverse ends folded down and emerging by defining between them a longitudinal interior cavity constituting a first conduit for circulation of a fluid, said modules being associated with each other by connection folded ends of the facing plates thereby defining in a transverse plane a second fluid air circuit (B).

-2- Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that in the initial state, the plates (5 - 6) have near one of their transverse ends a protruding heel (8) capable of receiving a pamphlet (9) allowing the entry of a forming fluid.

-3- Exchanger according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the connection zones (7) between the plates (5 - 6) comprise connection lines (7.1) along the periphery of the plates and internal connection points (7.2) of the plates with one another in the initial state, while after the plate modules have been formed, the connection zones are defined by the lines (7.1) formed along the longitudinal edges of the plates welded between them and through the connection points (7.2).

-4- Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends (5.2 - 6.2) of the constituent plates of the module (M) are after folding into a horizontal position substantially at right angles to the longitudinal plane of the plates, the ends of the plates facing two consecutive modules being placed end to end and welded together.

-5- Exchangers according to any one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that each of the transverse ends of the plates is established with the obtaining of a profile of a circular sector (C), so that after introduction of the bundle of modules (M) of 1 * exchanger, the different modules (M) defining at their ends a circular ring (1) corresponding to the internal profile of the exchanger.

-6- Exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the exchanger comprises a longitudinal body (11) internally receiving a bundle of modules (M) of plates (5 - 6), and each of end caps (12-13) preformed defining inner chambers (12.1 - 12.2) - (13.1 - 13.2) separated p _r our the passage of two separate fluids (A) (B), the fluid (A) longitudinally crossing 1 exchanger through the conduits formed on the caps (12 - 13) and passing longitudinally through the various modules through the internal cavities defined between the plates between them, and the fluid (B) directed and passing through the peripheral inner chamber of the caps and into a transverse plan then longitudinally, the different modules, the two circuits being perfectly against the current.

-7- Method of manufacturing a heat exchanger with welded plates, characterized in that different modules (M) of two plates (5 - 6) are produced to form a bundle of modules intended to be inserted into the body of an exchanger, the process consisting in making each module (M) from two plates which are previously linked together by connection zones defined along their periphery and in certain interior points, in a next phase to shape the two plates by hydroforming, defining after shaping an interior cavity, in a next phase to cut the transverse ends ^"~ of the constituent plates of the module in order to define a direction of circulation d 'a first fluid, then shaping said transverse ends of the plates of each module to allow, after placing side by side of the adjacent modules, the connection of the ends of the plates together to form a second fluid passage circuit (B) .

-8- The method of claim 7, characterized in that the plates (5 - 6) of each module are linked together by laser welding.

-9- Method- according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that, in the initial state, the plates (5 and 6) are arranged with a protruding heel (8) arranged to receive a brochure ( 9) for the introduction of a forming fluid and in that after the plates (5 and 6) have been bonded together and in particular over their entire periphery in order to obtain a seal and then their shaping by the forming fluid, proceed to the transverse cutting of the ends of the plates, in particular by removing the heel part (8).

-10- Method according to any one of claims 7 and 9, characterized in that after cutting the ends transverse plates and shaping thereof by folding, one proceeds to obtain a profile in the form of a circular sector (C), so that the juxtaposition of all the sectors by constitution of a beam of modules defines a circular crown (Cl) corresponding to the internal profile of the exchanger.