EP0568044A1 - Running gear for a railway vehicle - Google Patents

Running gear for a railway vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0568044A1
EP0568044A1 EP93106902A EP93106902A EP0568044A1 EP 0568044 A1 EP0568044 A1 EP 0568044A1 EP 93106902 A EP93106902 A EP 93106902A EP 93106902 A EP93106902 A EP 93106902A EP 0568044 A1 EP0568044 A1 EP 0568044A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
assembly
drive
drive according
suspension elements
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93106902A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0568044B1 (en
Inventor
Lutz Mauer
Wolfgang-Dieter Richter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bombardier Transportation GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Daimler Benz Transportation Schweiz AG
AEG Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
MAN GHH Schienenverkehrstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Daimler Benz Transportation Schweiz AG, AEG Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH, MAN GHH Schienenverkehrstechnik GmbH filed Critical ABB Daimler Benz Transportation Schweiz AG
Publication of EP0568044A1 publication Critical patent/EP0568044A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0568044B1 publication Critical patent/EP0568044B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/04—Types of bogies with more than one axle with driven axles or wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H5/00—Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive for a rail vehicle.
  • the elastic suspension of drive components such as the engine, transmission and brake is known. It serves primarily to compensate for tolerances and a limited mass decoupling, without their direction of action being decisive for arrangement and design.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a running gear for a rail vehicle which, by introducing a transversely suspended component level, enables a reduction in the lateral force level at the wheel-rail contact point and a simplified design of the supporting structure (bogie frame) arranged between the primary and secondary spring level ) allowed.
  • components installed in the drive such as braking equipment or traction system, i.e. Motor and transmission, combined into a mechanically self-contained assembly.
  • the assembly is advantageously suspended with a minimized number of suspension points in suspension elements in the frame of the drive, the suspension elements being designed to be elastic and the assembly is located above the frame of the drive.
  • the arrangement of the suspension points should be in areas that are not critical with regard to the fatigue strength of the frame, e.g. be carried out at a sufficient distance from the cross member / long member connection.
  • the characteristics of the suspension elements should be designed so that the assembly is softly mounted transversely or rotatably about the vertical axis, but is guided hard in the direction of action of the components.
  • the characteristics can be coordinated in such a way that the module has an absorber function in relation to the bogie vibration or turning movements when the limit cycle is reached.
  • suspension elements consist of metal mandrels held between the bearing blocks and the bearing eyes of the bogie frame, the metal mandrels being surrounded by an elastomeric layer and enclosed in a metal sleeve which is firmly connected to the assembly.
  • the assembly 1 consists of two wheel sets 4, 5, which are combined via long beams 2 and cross beams 3 to form a bogie.
  • the assembly 6 is mounted on the bogie frame made of long and cross members 2, 3, which consists of a frame-shaped welded construction that is smaller than the bogie frame and extends within the long beams 2 over the cross beams 3 and at their narrow ends the brake units 15 for the brake discs 14 of the axles 16 of the wheel sets 4, 5 are held.
  • the assembly 6, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, consists of a subrack with longitudinal members 6 'and cross members 6' ', to which various brackets and receptacles are attached.
  • the assembly 6 is mounted on the bogie frame with suspension elements 7.
  • the suspension elements 7 consist of metal mandrels 7 'which are mounted in blocks on the bogie frame.
  • the metal mandrels 7 ' are covered with an elastomeric layer and are held in metal sleeves 7' 'which are firmly connected to the underside of the assembly 6.
  • the suspension elements 7 are set several times more elastically in the twisting direction than in the straight direction.
  • the brackets or receptacles on the assembly 6 comprise the welded-on hangers 9 for the brake units 15, which are arranged on both cross beams 6 ′′, hangers 11 for magnetic rail brakes on the longitudinal beams 6 ′, a holder 12 for cables and hoses on one Cross member 6 "and a holder 13 for cables on the other cross member 6". Cable protection tubes 14 are integrated in the assembly 6. In modifications to the example shown, in addition to the brake units or instead of them, motor and transmission elements can also be suspended in the assembly 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

Running gear for a rail vehicle in which components such as brake equipment or traction system, which are installed in the running gear are combined to form a mechanically enclosed assembly (6). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Laufwerk für ein Schienenfahrzeug.The invention relates to a drive for a rail vehicle.

Die elastische Aufhängung von Laufwerkskomponenten wie Motor, Getriebe und Bremse ist bekannt. Sie dient in erster Linie dem Toleranzausgleich und einer begrenzten Massenentkoppelung, ohne daß deren Wirkrichtung für Anordnung und Auslegung entscheidend ist.The elastic suspension of drive components such as the engine, transmission and brake is known. It serves primarily to compensate for tolerances and a limited mass decoupling, without their direction of action being decisive for arrangement and design.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Laufwerk für ein Schienenfahrzeug zu schaffen, das über die Einführung einer quer-abgefederten Komponentenebene eine Reduktion des Querkraftniveaus im Rad-Schiene-Berührpunkt ermöglicht und eine vereinfachte Ausführung der zwischen Primär- und Sekundärfederebene angeordneten tragenden Struktur (Drehgestellrahmen) erlaubt.The object of the present invention is to provide a running gear for a rail vehicle which, by introducing a transversely suspended component level, enables a reduction in the lateral force level at the wheel-rail contact point and a simplified design of the supporting structure (bogie frame) arranged between the primary and secondary spring level ) allowed.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst. Fortbildungen und besondere Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen umfaßt.This object is achieved with the features mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1. Developments and special embodiments of the invention are included in the further claims.

Erfindungsgemaß sind im Laufwerk eingebaute Komponenten, wie Bremsausrüstung oder Traktionsanlage, d.h. Motor und Getriebe, zu einer mechanisch in sich geschlossenen Baugruppe vereinigt.According to the invention, components installed in the drive, such as braking equipment or traction system, i.e. Motor and transmission, combined into a mechanically self-contained assembly.

Die Baugruppe ist vorteilhafterweise mit einer minimierten Anzahl von Aufhängungspunkten in Aufhängungselementen im Rahmen des Laufwerks aufgehängt, wobei die Aufhängungselemente elastisch ausgeführt sind und die Baugruppe oberhalb des Rahmens des Laufwerks angeordnet ist.The assembly is advantageously suspended with a minimized number of suspension points in suspension elements in the frame of the drive, the suspension elements being designed to be elastic and the assembly is located above the frame of the drive.

Die Anordnung der Aufhängepunkte soll in Bereichen, die in Bezug auf die Dauerfestigkeit des Rahmens als unkritisch einzustufen sind, z.B. in ausreichender Entfernung vom Querträger-/Langträgeranschluß erfolgen.The arrangement of the suspension points should be in areas that are not critical with regard to the fatigue strength of the frame, e.g. be carried out at a sufficient distance from the cross member / long member connection.

Die Charakteristik der Aufhängungselemente sollte so ausgelegt sein, daß die Baugruppe quer, bzw. um die Hochachse drehbar weich gelagert, in Wirkungsrichtung der Komponenten jedoch hart geführt wird. Die Abstimmung der Charakteristik kann so erfolgen, daß der Baugruppe eine Tilgerfunktion in Bezug auf die Drehgestellschwingung, bzw. auf Wendebewegungen bei Erreichen des Grenzzykellaufs zukommt.The characteristics of the suspension elements should be designed so that the assembly is softly mounted transversely or rotatably about the vertical axis, but is guided hard in the direction of action of the components. The characteristics can be coordinated in such a way that the module has an absorber function in relation to the bogie vibration or turning movements when the limit cycle is reached.

Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Aufhängungselemente aus zwischen Lagerböcken und Lageraugen des Drehgestellrahmens gehaltenen Metalldornen besteht, wobei die Metalldorne von einer elastomeren Schicht umgeben und in einer mit der Baugruppe fest verbundenen Metallhülse eingefaßt sind.This is achieved in that the suspension elements consist of metal mandrels held between the bearing blocks and the bearing eyes of the bogie frame, the metal mandrels being surrounded by an elastomeric layer and enclosed in a metal sleeve which is firmly connected to the assembly.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1)
eine Draufsicht auf ein Laufwerk mit eingebauter Baugruppe;
Fig. 2)
eine Untersicht unter den ausgebauten Baugruppenträger;
Fig. 3)
eine Seitenansicht zu Fig. 2);
Fig. 4)
eine Vorderansicht zu Fig. 2).
The invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to drawings. Show:
Fig. 1)
a plan view of a drive with built-in assembly;
Fig. 2)
a bottom view under the removed rack;
Fig. 3)
a side view of Fig. 2);
Fig. 4)
a front view of Fig. 2).

Das Laufwerk gemäß Fig. 1 besteht aus zwei Radsätzen 4, 5, die über Langträger 2 und Querträger 3 zu einem Drehgestell vereinigt sind. Auf dem Drehgestellrahmen aus Lang- und Querträgern 2, 3 ist die Baugruppe 6 gelagert, die aus einer rahmenförmigen Schweißkonstruktion besteht, die kleiner ist, als der Drehgestellrahmen und sich innerhalb der Langträger 2 über die Querträger 3 erstreckt und an deren schmalen Enden die Bremseinheiten 15 für die Bremsscheiben 14 der Achsen 16 der Radsätze 4, 5 gehalten werden.1 consists of two wheel sets 4, 5, which are combined via long beams 2 and cross beams 3 to form a bogie. The assembly 6 is mounted on the bogie frame made of long and cross members 2, 3, which consists of a frame-shaped welded construction that is smaller than the bogie frame and extends within the long beams 2 over the cross beams 3 and at their narrow ends the brake units 15 for the brake discs 14 of the axles 16 of the wheel sets 4, 5 are held.

Die Baugruppe 6 besteht, wie in Fig. 2 bis 4 gezeigt, aus einem Baugruppenträger mit Längsträgern 6' und Querträgern 6'', an denen verschiedene Halterungen und Aufnahmen angebracht sind. Die Baugruppe 6 ist mit Aufhängungselementen 7 auf dem Drehgestellrahmen gelagert. Die Aufhängungselemente 7 bestehen aus Metalldornen 7', die in Böcken auf dem Drehgestellrahmen gelagert sind. Die Metalldorne 7' sind mit einer elastomeren Schicht überzogen und werden in Metallhülsen 7'' gehalten, die mit der Unterseite der Baugruppe 6 fest verbunden sind. Die Aufhängungselemente 7 sind in Verwindungsrichtung um ein mehrfaches elastischer eingestellt, als in gerader Richtung.The assembly 6, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, consists of a subrack with longitudinal members 6 'and cross members 6' ', to which various brackets and receptacles are attached. The assembly 6 is mounted on the bogie frame with suspension elements 7. The suspension elements 7 consist of metal mandrels 7 'which are mounted in blocks on the bogie frame. The metal mandrels 7 'are covered with an elastomeric layer and are held in metal sleeves 7' 'which are firmly connected to the underside of the assembly 6. The suspension elements 7 are set several times more elastically in the twisting direction than in the straight direction.

Die Halterungen, bzw. Aufnahmen an der Baugruppe 6 umfassen die angeschweißten Aufhänger 9 für die Bremseinheiten 15, die an beiden Querträgern 6'' angeordnet sind, Aufhänger 11 für Magnetschienenbremsen an die Längsträgern 6', eine Halterung 12 für Kabel und Schläuche an dem einen Querträger 6'' und eine Halterung 13 für Kabel an dem anderen Querträger 6''. Kabelschutzrohre 14 sind in die Baugruppe 6 integriert. In Abwandlungen zu dem gezeigten Beispiel können zusätzlich zu den Bremseinheiten oder statt dieser auch Motor- und Getriebeelemente in der Baugruppe 6 aufgehängt sein.The brackets or receptacles on the assembly 6 comprise the welded-on hangers 9 for the brake units 15, which are arranged on both cross beams 6 ″, hangers 11 for magnetic rail brakes on the longitudinal beams 6 ′, a holder 12 for cables and hoses on one Cross member 6 "and a holder 13 for cables on the other cross member 6". Cable protection tubes 14 are integrated in the assembly 6. In modifications to the example shown, in addition to the brake units or instead of them, motor and transmission elements can also be suspended in the assembly 6.

Claims (7)

Laufwerk für ein Schienenfahrzeug,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß im Laufwerk eingebaute Komponenten, wie Bremsausrüstung oder Traktionsanlage zu einer mechanisch in sich geschlossenen Baugruppe (6) vereinigt sind.Running gear for a rail vehicle,
characterized by
that components installed in the drive, such as braking equipment or traction system, are combined to form a mechanically self-contained assembly (6). Laufwerk nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Baugruppe (6) mit einer minimierten Anzahl von Aufhängungspunkten an Aufhängungselementen (7) im Rahmen des Laufwerks aufgehängt ist.Drive according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the assembly (6) is suspended with a minimized number of suspension points on suspension elements (7) in the frame of the drive. Laufwerk nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Baugruppe (6) oberhalb des Rahmens angeordnet ist.Drive according to claim 2,
characterized by
that the assembly (6) is arranged above the frame. Laufwerk nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Aufhängungselemente (7) elastisch ausgeführt sind.Drive according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized by
that the suspension elements (7) are elastic. Laufwerk nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Charakteristik der Aufhängungselemente (7) so ausgelegt ist, daß die Baugruppe (6) quer, bzw. um die Hochachse drehbar weich gelagert, in Wirkungsrichtung der Komponenten jedoch hart geführt wird.Drive according to claim 4,
characterized by
that the characteristic of the suspension elements (7) is designed so that the assembly (6) is mounted transversely, or rotatably soft about the vertical axis, in the direction of action of the Components, however, is performed hard. Laufwerk nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Abstimmung der Charakteristik so erfolgt, daß der Baugruppe (6) eine Tilgerfunktion in Bezug auf die Drehgestellschwingung, bzw. auf Wendebewegungen bei Erreichen des Grenzzykellaufs zukommt.Drive according to claim 5,
characterized by
that the coordination of the characteristics takes place in such a way that the assembly (6) has an absorber function in relation to the bogie vibration or turning movements when the limit cycle is reached. Laufwerk nach Anspruch 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Aufhängungselemente (7) aus zwischen Lagerböcken und Lageraugen des Laufwerkrahmens gehaltenen Metalldornen (7') besteht,
wobei die Metalldorne (7') von einer elastomeren Schicht umgeben und in einer mit der Baugruppe (6) fest verbundenen Metallhülse (7'') eingefasst sind.Drive according to claim 5 or 6,
characterized by
that the suspension elements (7) consist of metal mandrels (7 ') held between bearing blocks and bearing eyes of the drive frame,
the metal mandrels (7 ') being surrounded by an elastomeric layer and being enclosed in a metal sleeve (7'') which is firmly connected to the assembly (6).
EP93106902A 1992-04-29 1993-04-28 Running gear for a railway vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0568044B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4213990 1992-04-29
DE4213990 1992-04-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0568044A1 true EP0568044A1 (en) 1993-11-03
EP0568044B1 EP0568044B1 (en) 1998-04-01

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ID=6457681

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EP93106902A Expired - Lifetime EP0568044B1 (en) 1992-04-29 1993-04-28 Running gear for a railway vehicle

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0568044B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE164556T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59308323D1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2780694A1 (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-07 Alstom COMPOSITE MATERIAL BOGIE FOR RAIL VEHICLE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
WO2001030629A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-03 Techni Industrie Evolutionary bogie in particular for goods transporter cars
DE102013103827A1 (en) 2013-04-16 2014-10-16 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Suspension with cross-coupled wheel units
WO2015071254A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-21 Siemens Ag Österreich Device for reducing vibrations of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle
CN104802822A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-07-29 长春轨道客车股份有限公司 Trailer bogie framework for standard EMU (Electric Multiple Units)
AT517179A3 (en) * 2015-04-30 2018-03-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Device for fastening brake devices to a chassis frame of a rail vehicle
CN108791325A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-13 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 A kind of permanent magnet direct-drive bogie and its rail vehicle
CN111907537A (en) * 2019-06-20 2020-11-10 中车大同电力机车有限公司 Electric locomotive, electric locomotive bogie and bogie driving system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2598870A (en) * 1948-12-08 1952-06-03 Clark Equipment Co Rail truck
CH515140A (en) * 1969-11-12 1971-11-15 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Rail vehicle bogie with articulated frame and carrier
FR2280536A1 (en) * 1974-08-02 1976-02-27 Creusot Loire Linear inductor support for rail vehicle - has transverse reaction arms acting on opposed beams through flexible blocks
EP0025484A1 (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-03-25 Thyssen Industrie Ag Bogie for rail-vehicles, e.g. tramways
DE9010678U1 (en) * 1990-07-17 1990-11-22 Man Ghh Schienenverkehrstechnik Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg, De

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2598870A (en) * 1948-12-08 1952-06-03 Clark Equipment Co Rail truck
CH515140A (en) * 1969-11-12 1971-11-15 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Rail vehicle bogie with articulated frame and carrier
FR2280536A1 (en) * 1974-08-02 1976-02-27 Creusot Loire Linear inductor support for rail vehicle - has transverse reaction arms acting on opposed beams through flexible blocks
EP0025484A1 (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-03-25 Thyssen Industrie Ag Bogie for rail-vehicles, e.g. tramways
DE9010678U1 (en) * 1990-07-17 1990-11-22 Man Ghh Schienenverkehrstechnik Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg, De

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2780694A1 (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-07 Alstom COMPOSITE MATERIAL BOGIE FOR RAIL VEHICLE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
EP0970867A1 (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-12 Alstom France SA Bogie made of composite material for a railway vehicle and method of manufacturing of such a bogie
US6213027B1 (en) 1998-07-06 2001-04-10 Alstom Holdings Railway vehicle bogie made of composite material and process for manufacturing such a bogie
WO2001030629A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-03 Techni Industrie Evolutionary bogie in particular for goods transporter cars
FR2800342A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-04 Techni Ind EVOLVING TYPE BOGGIE ESPECIALLY FOR GOODS TRANSPORT WAGONS
DE102013103827A1 (en) 2013-04-16 2014-10-16 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Suspension with cross-coupled wheel units
WO2015071254A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-21 Siemens Ag Österreich Device for reducing vibrations of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle
US10392034B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2019-08-27 Siemens Mobility GmbH Device for reducing vibrations of a rail vehicle
CN104802822A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-07-29 长春轨道客车股份有限公司 Trailer bogie framework for standard EMU (Electric Multiple Units)
AT517179A3 (en) * 2015-04-30 2018-03-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Device for fastening brake devices to a chassis frame of a rail vehicle
US11091181B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2021-08-17 Siemens Mobility Austria Gmbh Device for securing braking devices to a chassis frame of a rail vehicle
CN108791325A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-13 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 A kind of permanent magnet direct-drive bogie and its rail vehicle
CN108791325B (en) * 2018-07-27 2020-08-21 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 Permanent-magnet direct-drive bogie and railway vehicle thereof
CN111907537A (en) * 2019-06-20 2020-11-10 中车大同电力机车有限公司 Electric locomotive, electric locomotive bogie and bogie driving system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59308323D1 (en) 1998-05-07
ATE164556T1 (en) 1998-04-15
EP0568044B1 (en) 1998-04-01

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