EP2386454B1 - Bogie - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a bogie for rail vehicles and in particular for freight wagons and a secondary suspension therefor. Such bogies comprise a cross member and two longitudinal members, wherein the cross member is connected in the region of its two longitudinal ends in each case via a secondary suspension with one of the two longitudinal members. The secondary suspensions each comprise a plurality of spring elements and an associated damper element.

State of the art

In rail vehicles and in particular freight wagons bogies are generally used, comprising a frame with typically a cross member or a cradle and two side rails, wherein the side members are often configured as a frame connected together. The longitudinal members are usually connected via a primary suspension with wheel bearings in which, for example, two sets of wheels per bogie are stored. In order to make advantageous running properties such as minimized track stress, high driving stability or low noise possible, the side members are now also connected via secondary springs or cradle suspensions to the cross member. In this case, the cross member is often supported in the region of its longitudinal ends via a respective secondary suspension, which has a plurality of springs, on the longitudinal members.

An example of a bogie for use in freight wagons is the Y25 bogie, which is based on a development of the French State Railways standardized by the International Union of Railways (UIC) and has been used successfully for decades by numerous rail companies in Europe.

One difficulty with the design of such bogies and in particular the secondary suspension is, inter alia, that the loads of freight cars can be very different, so that the secondary suspension must be designed accordingly for different loads. In order to dampen the spring movement of the cross member load dependent, usually different secondary springs are used, each having different spring stiffness namely one which is tuned to the fully loaded state and one which is adjusted to the empty state. Such spring combinations are e.g. at the bogies "RideControl" of the company Amerivcan Steel Corp. Used and can be found in many other types, including in the primary suspension. This solution proves to be particularly disadvantageous in that usually two springs with different diameters and different lengths are used in one another, wherein it comes at no load to a slack of the unclaimed spring element that represents a noise pollution.

It is also known, for example from the EP 0182339 A1 , the use of friction wedges to dampen the movement of the cross member. The guidance of the friction wedges in elastomer springs shown according to the cited document leads in particular to parasitic stiffnesses which make it difficult to clearly determine the stresses and thus the damping characteristics.

In contrast, various secondary suspension systems have been developed. For example, in the US 2,170,862 A a rail vehicle bogie described with a secondary suspension having four springs. The four springs are arranged between a cross member and a spring plate. The spring plate is supported down on the horizontal sections of two damper angles. The damper angles are arranged opposite one another and each have a vertical section which extends up to the height of the crossbeam and bears against the crossbeam via a friction surface. They are also tiltably mounted so that a force acting on the horizontal portion each generates a leverage force, so that the damper angle are pressed against the friction surfaces against the cross member. In this way it should be achieved that the cross member with increasing load is increasingly trapped between the friction surfaces and thus the spring action is attenuated with increasing load.

The use of a damper angle is also from the US 3,717,106 A known. However, the known embodiments of the secondary suspensions are structurally relatively complicated and also functionally disadvantageous. In particular, strong moments act on the friction surfaces, which can cause unfavorable attacking of the frictional forces or even tilting of the friction surfaces. Frequently, the friction surfaces are subject to uneven wear. In addition, the friction surfaces of the damper angle and also of the cross member are stressed in general, especially during operation with high loads, so that they can wear relatively quickly. This also contributes to the additionally necessary leadership of the friction in a bore of the long carrier disadvantageous.

The bogies known in the prior art prove to be particularly disadvantageous in that they have adverse spring and damping characteristics which are also subject to wear. As a result, in particular, the stability and smoothness of the bogie and thus the rail vehicle is adversely affected, which in turn adversely affects the running behavior, especially smoothness, driving stability and track stress. In addition, the known in the art bogies are complex and expensive to manufacture and assemble. The ongoing operating costs are disproportionately high.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to propose an improved bogie and in particular an improved secondary suspension. The bogie according to the invention should in particular be designed structurally relatively simple and have advantageous running characteristics, especially with regard to smoothness, running stability and track stress.

Presentation of the invention

The object is achieved by a bogie, as defined in independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the bogie according to the invention will be apparent from the dependent claims.

The bogie has a cross member or a cradle and two side members. The longitudinal members are preferably separate components of the bogie and not rigidly interconnected. The cross member is connected in the region of its two longitudinal ends in each case via a secondary suspension or a suspension suspension with one of the two longitudinal members. The secondary suspensions each have a plurality of spring elements and a damper angle. The damper angles of the secondary suspensions each comprise a lever arm with a first leg and an angle to the first leg arranged second leg, wherein on a second leg facing away from the end portion of the first leg of the lever arm, a friction body with a substantially flat friction surface, preferably movable and preferably rotatable , Is arranged and wherein on the lever arm, a tilting axis is provided, which lies substantially in the extension of the friction surface of the friction body. The term movable is here understood in relation to the arrangement of the friction body on the lever arm in particular that the friction body loosely on the lever arm, for example. In a recess provided in this recess and is not fixedly connected to it, so that it moves with respect to the lever arm can be. In particular, the friction body is preferably rotatably connected to the lever arm, wherein the friction body can be preferably rotated about an axis which is substantially parallel to the tilting axis.

By means of the described embodiment of the secondary suspensions, a preferred load-dependent friction damping of the cross member can be realized. In the described embodiment of the lever arm and the friction body of the fulcrum or the axis of rotation of the damper angle in the plane of the friction surface, so the friction contact of the damper angle with the cross member and a friction surface arranged thereon. As a result, influencing the damping forces in particular out of the direction of movement can be minimized or avoided. In particular, no moments, which may arise due to an offset between the tilting axis and the friction plane, act on the friction surface. The Frictional forces can thus be set advantageously and the wear and thus ultimately the damping behavior can be optimized. The loose or movable and preferably rotatable mounting of the friction body on the lever arm, especially in conjunction with the planar or planar configuration of the friction surface of the friction body, further allow a structurally relatively simple efficient transfer and interception of the forces or the moment from the damper angle, for example on the cross member. In addition, the friction body can adjust its position with respect to the lever arm independently, so that the friction body is claimed relatively little or optimized and the damping can be done optimally. Overall, the inventive design of the secondary suspension in particular allows a relatively simple designed, efficient, durable and targeted acting damping of the secondary suspension.

Preferably, the damper angles of the secondary springs of the bogie are each configured such that the angle between the first leg of the lever arm and the second leg of the lever arm between about 120 ° and about 60 °, preferably between 100 ° and about 80 ° and in particular between about 95 ° and about 85 °. Such a design of the lever arm allows a relatively efficient damping under stress of relatively little space.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the damper angles of the secondary suspensions of the bogie are each designed so that the friction body comprises a curvature facing away from the curvature, which is arranged in a corresponding to the buckle receiving the first leg of the lever arm. With such an embodiment of the friction body and the lever arm of the friction body can be accurately positioned and aligned in a relatively simple manner with respect to the lever arm. Particularly advantageous is a thus designed movable or rotatable arrangement of the friction body on the lever arm. In addition, such a friction body also allows efficient low-wear power transmission to or from the lever arm. In this case, the damper angles of the secondary suspensions are preferably each designed so that the curvature of the friction body is configured substantially hemispherical. Preferably, the damper angle of the secondary suspension of the bogie are each designed so that the tilting axis of the lever arm is configured substantially semi-cylindrical. Such a tilting axis allows a supported over the entire width of the damper angle exact tilting movement of the damper angle.

Advantageously, the damper angle of the secondary suspension of the bogie are each designed so that the second leg of the lever arm has a spring retainer. With one (or more) of such spring receptacle, which may be configured, for example, cup or cup-shaped and in particular with a lateral edge, one or more spring elements can be relatively securely connected to the damper angle.

Preferably, the plurality of spring elements of the secondary suspension of the bogie each comprise a first spring element and a second spring element, wherein the first spring element between the cross member and the longitudinal member and the second spring element are each arranged between the cross member and the second leg of the lever arm of the associated damper angle. The secondary suspension thus comprises a damper angle against which a spring element acts, wherein the other spring element does not act against a damper angle. With such an arrangement of the secondary suspensions, a uniform support of the cross member over a whole width of the cross member can be achieved. A vertical movement of the longitudinal member thus acts on the spring elements, wherein the cross member experiences a force acting in the direction of movement force or friction force from a longitudinal side of the cross member, which is transmitted by the damper angle or the friction body on the cross member, which depends on the load is on the cross member. As a result, the cross member can be relatively easily clamped load-dependent or friction damped.

Advantageously, a preferably semicylindrical axle receptacle is provided on the longitudinal members of the bogie, in which the tilting axis of the lever arm of the damper angle of the associated secondary suspension is arranged. These axle receptacles can thus each represent a part of a joint which forms the tilting axis of the lever arm, wherein a second part of the articulation is formed on the lever arm. In particular, when the tilting axis is designed substantially semi-cylindrical, a preferred over the entire width of the Damper angle supported exact tilting movement of the damper angle can be made possible.

Preferably, the cross member of the bogie at its ends or in the region of the secondary suspensions each have a preferably planar or planar friction surface against which abuts the friction surface of the friction body of the damper angle of the associated secondary suspension. Thus, a relatively accurate, low-wear and simple friction damping can be made possible. The friction surfaces of the cross member are preferably arranged on the same side surface of the cross member.

Advantageously, each of the first spring element and the second spring element of the plurality of spring elements of the secondary suspensions in a direction of travel of the bogie are offset or spaced from each other. The term "direction of travel" is here understood in relation to the bogie a direction in which the bogie moves in operation as intended, this direction is often shown and described in technical and schematic representations of bogies as x-direction or as x-axis becomes. The described offset arrangement of the first spring element and the second spring element of the plurality of spring elements of the secondary suspensions thus corresponds to an arrangement in succession or successively. With such an arrangement, the cross member further advantageously simple and space-saving clamped load-dependent or be damped friction.

Preferably, in each case the first leg of the lever arm of the damper angle of the secondary suspensions are arranged substantially in a plane perpendicular to a plane defined by the cross member and the second leg of the lever arm of the damper angle of the secondary suspension substantially in a plane parallel to the plane defined by the cross member. The plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the cross member may in particular correspond to a plane parallel to a side surface of the side members. In addition, the first leg may be substantially vertical and the second leg may be aligned substantially horizontally. Preferably, the second leg extends substantially in a travel or substantially along the x-axis of the bogie. Such an arrangement The lever arms allow efficient friction damped suspension under relatively small footprint.

Advantageously, the multiple numbers of spring elements of the secondary suspension of the bogie each comprise a spiral spring with progressive characteristic. In particular, all the spring elements of the secondary suspensions can each be designed as a single spiral spring with a progressive characteristic. Such springs with progressive characteristics allow efficient load-dependent cushioning of the cross member. A use of different spring elements with different characteristics for different load cases is thus unnecessary. The secondary suspensions may also each comprise four spring elements, wherein in each case two may be configured as first spring elements and two as second spring elements. In this case, the lever arms of the damper angle of the secondary suspensions may each be configured to receive two second spring elements, so for example be provided with a spring receptacle for two second spring elements. Alternatively, the secondary suspensions may each have two, preferably juxtaposed or parallel, damper angles, wherein in each case the lever arms of each of the two damper angles are configured to receive a second spring element.

Preferably, in each case a further friction body between a friction body of the damper angle of the secondary suspension facing away from the cross member and the associated side member is arranged. The cross member may be configured on its side facing away from the friction body of the damper angle of the secondary suspension with a preferably flat friction surface. Further, the further friction body may be designed according to the above-described friction body of the damper angle and the associated side member may have a corresponding receptacle. Friction body and / or friction surface are preferably flat. By such an arrangement, the cross member can be friction dampened on both sides and evenly.

Advantageously, the damper angles are arranged with the Dämperwinkelreibkörpern on one side of the cross member while the friction members provided on the longitudinal members on the other side of the cross member, preferably in the direction of travel or x-direction of the damper angle friction bodies, are provided. Particularly advantageously, the tilt axes of the two or at least two Damper angle, which are arranged on each side of the cross member, on a line or a common axis. These embodiments result in a particularly advantageous distribution of forces and storage of the cross member. In particular, this embodiment allows a stable in the direction of travel, preferably substantially rigid, positioning of the cross member. A tilting of the cross member in the horizontal plane (xy direction according to the usual coordinates) and the associated disadvantageous balance of power can be prevented. Likewise, changes in the length of the friction body have no effect on the size of the damping force, since this change in length can be compensated in the described arrangement by a light and harmless to the car twisting of the cross member about the Y axis.

Advantageously, the bogie comprises one or at least one wheel with a wheel axle and two rotatably connected to the wheel axle wheels, wherein the wheel axle is rotatably mounted in the region of their longitudinal ends in each case in a wheel bearing. The two wheel bearings are preferably, preferably stationary, connected to a drawbar. In particular, the bogie has two sets of wheels as described above, wherein the two drawbars can then be connected to each other via a preferably preferably wear-free joint, preferably an elastomer joint. By such a coupling of the two wheel bearings of the wheel by means of the drawbar, the wheelset can be accurately determined and thus a preferred running behavior of the bogie can be achieved. The drawbars can also be secured against excessive vertical movement, in particular downwards, by means of a cable or strap securing device.

Preferably, the two wheel bearings of one or each wheelset of the bogie are each connected via a primary suspension with one of the two side members. The primary suspensions preferably each have a first spring element, which is arranged at a first angle to a perpendicular to a direction of travel of the bogie between the associated wheel bearing and the associated side member. If the two wheel bearings are coupled to one another via a drawbar as described above, the drawbar can be held substantially by the primary suspensions, preferably horizontally. Such primary suspensions can ensure a necessary longitudinal and transverse stiffness and the decoupling of Wheel set and bogie frame or wheelset and side members serve. The first angle of the primary suspension of the bogie are each configured in a range of 90 ° to 135 ° to the perpendicular to the direction of travel of the bogie and are in particular about 115 ° to 125 ° and more preferably about 120 °. In such an angular range, a preferred spring effect of the first spring elements, preferably in the longitudinal or x-direction and vertical or z-direction can be achieved. Advantageously, in this case, the primary springs each have a second spring element which is arranged at a second angle to the vertical (z-axis) on the direction of travel of the bogie between the associated wheel bearing and the associated side member, wherein the second angle preferably approximately to the first angle reversed equivalent. Next, the spring elements of the primary springs are preferably designed as elastomeric springs. With such primary suspensions, an efficient simple suspension of the wheel axle can be realized, in particular in interaction with the above-described secondary suspension and / or the drawbar described a bogie with particularly preferred spring and driving characteristics and a simple, but durable and easy, design of the long beam enable

Preferably, the bogie comprises at least one brake carrier, which is arranged between the two longitudinal members. The brake carrier is preferably connected at its two longitudinal ends with one of the two longitudinal members such that one end of the brake carrier is substantially only about an axis in the driving or x-direction rotatably connected to the side member and the other, opposite end substantially only about an axis transverse to the direction of travel or in the y-direction rotatably connected to the other side member. The brake carrier can thus be mounted on the longitudinal members in particular in a total of three points and thus advantageously does not substantially influence the torsional rigidity of the bogie frame, in particular for driving on track distortions. Advantageously, the at least one brake carrier, advantageously both brake carriers, possibly in the middle or in the center of gravity of the longitudinal members and also preferably in the immediate vicinity of the cross member connected thereto. Advantageously, the brake carrier is provided with a disc, drum and / or pad brake.

Advantageously, the bogie comprises a further brake carrier, which is arranged between the two longitudinal members, wherein the further brake carrier is preferably as well as the above-described connected to the two side rails. Preferably, the bearings or attachments of the two brake carriers are arranged laterally reversed on the longitudinal members.

Preferably, the longitudinal members and preferably also the cross member are formed in box construction. Such a box construction allows a relatively simple, lightweight and flexible construction of the bogie, which may also be designed in particular modular.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a damper angle for a secondary suspension of a bogie, preferably a bogie according to the present invention, comprising a lever arm having a first leg and an angle to the first leg arranged second leg. In this case, a friction body with a substantially flat friction surface is preferably arranged to be movable on a second leg facing away from the end portion of the first leg of the lever arm and the lever arm is a tilting axis provided substantially in the extension of the friction surface of the friction body or in a common plane with the Friction surface of the friction body is located. Preferably, the angle between the first leg of the lever arm and the second leg of the lever arm is between about 120 ° and about 60 °, preferably between 100 ° and about 80 ° and in particular between about 95 ° and about 85 °. Preferably, this aspect of the invention relates to a damper angle for secondary suspension of a bogie, preferably a bogie according to the present invention, as described herein in connection with the bogie of the invention.

1. 1. Drehgestell mit einem Querträger und zwei Längsträgern, bei dem der Querträger im Bereich seiner beiden Längsenden jeweils über eine Sekundärfederung mit einem der beiden Längsträger verbunden ist, wobei die Sekundärfederungen jeweils mindestens zwei Federelemente und einen Dämpferwinkel umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen jeweils einen Hebelarm mit einem ersten Schenkel und einem angewinkelt zum ersten Schenkel angeordneten zweiten Schenkel umfassen, wobei an einem dem zweiten Schenkel abgewandten Endbereich des ersten Schenkels des Hebelarms ein Reibkörper mit einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Reibfläche angeordnet ist und wobei der Hebelarm eine Kippachse hat, die gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform im Wesentlichen in der Verlängerung der Reibfläche des Reibkörpers liegt.
2. 2. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 1, wobei die Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen jeweils so ausgestaltet sind, dass der Winkel zwischen dem ersten Schenkel des Hebelarms und dem zweiten Schenkel des Hebelarms zwischen etwa 120° und etwa 60°, vorzugsweise zwischen 100° und etwa 80° und insbesondere zwischen etwa 95° und etwa 85° beträgt.
3. 3. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 1 oder 2, wobei die Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen jeweils so ausgestaltet sind, dass der Reibkörper eine der Reibfläche abgewandte Wölbung umfasst, die in einer der Wölbung entsprechenden Aufnahme des ersten Schenkels des Hebelarms angeordnet ist.
4. 4. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 3, wobei die Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen jeweils so ausgestaltet sind, dass die Wölbung des Reibkörpers im Wesentlichen halbkugelförmig, gerundet" doppelkeglig, halbzylindrisch und/oder zylinderlängssegmentartig ausgestaltet ist.
5. 5. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, wobei der Reibkörper bewegbar, vorzugsweise drehbar mit dem Hebelarm verbunden ist.
6. 6. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 5, wobei die Drehachsen der Reibkörper der Dämpferwinkel auf einer gemeinsamen Achse liegen.
7. 7. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, wobei die Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen jeweils so ausgestaltet sind, dass die Kippachse des Hebelarms im Wesentlichen halbkugelförmig, gerundet" doppelkeglig, halbzylindrisch und/oder zylinderlängssegmentartig ausgestaltet ist.
8. 8. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, wobei die Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen jeweils so ausgestaltet sind, dass der zweite Schenkel des Hebelarms eine, vorzugsweise topfartige, Federaufnahme aufweist.
9. 9. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem die mindestens zwei Federelemente der Sekundärfederungen jeweils ein erstes Federelement und ein zweites Federelement umfassen, wobei das erste Federelement zwischen dem Querträger und dem Längsträger und das zweite Federelement zwischen dem Querträger und dem zweiten Schenkel des Hebelarms des zugehörigen Dämpferwinkels angeordnet sind.
10. 10. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem an den Längsträgern jeweils eine vorzugsweise halbzylinderförmige oder zylinderlängssegmentartige Achsaufnahmeeinrichtung vorgesehen ist, in der die Kippachse des Hebelarms des Dämpferwinkels der zugehörigen Sekundärfederung angeordnet bzw. ausgebildet ist.
11. 11. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem der Querträger im Bereich der Sekundärfederungen jeweils eine, vorzugsweise ebene, Reibfläche aufweist, an der die Reibfläche des Reibkörpers des Dämpferwinkels der zugehörigen Sekundärfederung anliegt.
12. 12. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 9, bei dem die Reibflächen des Querträgers auf der gleichen Seite bzw. auf einer Seitenfläche des Querträgers ausgestaltet sind.
13. 13. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem jeweils das erste Federelement und das zweite Federelement der mindestens zwei Federelemente der Sekundärfederungen in einer Fahrtrichtung des Drehgestells versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.
14. 14. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem jeweils der erste Schenkel des Hebelarms des Dämpferwinkels der Sekundärfederungen im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene senkrecht zu einer durch den Querträger definierten Ebene und der zweite Schenkel des Hebelarms des Dämpferwinkels der Sekundärfederung im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene parallel zu der durch den Querträger definierten Ebene angeordnet sind.
15. 15. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem die mindestens zwei Federelemente der Sekundärfederungen jeweils eine Spiralfeder mit progressiver Kennlinie umfassen.
16. 16. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei der jeweils ein weiterer Reibkörper zwischen einer den Reibkörpern der Dämpferwinkel der Sekundärfederungen abgewandten bzw. gegenüberliegenden Seite des Querträgers und dem zugehörigen Längsträger angeordnet ist.
17. 17. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 16, wobei der Querträger im Bereich der Sekundärfederungen jeweils eine zweite vorzugsweise ebene Reibfläche aufweist, an der die Reibfläche des Reibkörpers des Querträgers der zugehörigen Sekundärfederung anliegt.
18. 18. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, das mindestens zwei Radsätze mit je einer Radachse und zwei mit der Radachse drehfest verbundenen Rädern umfasst, wobei die Radachsen im Bereich ihrer Längsenden jeweils in einem Radsatzlager drehbar gelagert ist und wobei die beiden Radsatzlager, oder bevorzugt die Radsatzlager umgebende Radsatzlageradapter, jeweils, vorzugsweise ortsfest, mit einer Deichsel verbunden sind.
19. 19. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 18, bei dem die beiden Radsatzlager jeweils über eine Primärfederung mit einem der beiden Längsträger verbunden sind, wobei die Primärfederungen jeweils mindestens ein erstes Federelement aufweisen, das in einem ersten Winkel zu einer Senkrechten auf eine Fahrtrichtung des Drehgestells zwischen dem zugehörigen Radlager und dem zugehörigen Längsträger angeordnet ist
20. 20. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 16, bei dem die ersten Winkel jeweils in einem Bereich von 90° bis 135° zur Senkrechten auf die Fahrtrichtung des Drehgestells ausgestaltet sind und insbesondere etwa 120° betragen.
21. 21. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 16 oder 17, bei dem die Primärfederungen jeweils ein zweites Federelement aufweisen, das in einem zweiten Winkel zur Senkrechten auf die Fahrtrichtung des Drehgestells zwischen dem zugehörigen Radlager und dem zugehörigen Längsträger angeordnet ist.
22. 22. Drehgestell nach Aspekt 18, bei der zweite Winkel etwa dem vorzeichenverkehrten ersten Winkel entspricht.
23. 23. Drehgestell nach einem der Aspekte 16 bis 19, bei dem die Federelemente der Primärfederungen als Elastomerfedern ausgestaltet sind.
24. 24. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, das mindestens einen Bremsträger umfasst, der zwischen den beiden Längsträgern angeordnet, vorzugsweise aufgehängt, ist, wobei der Bremsträger an einem seiner beiden Längesenden drehbar um eine erste Achse mit einem ersten der beiden Längsträger und an einem anderen seiner beiden Längsenden drehbar um eine zweite, vorzugsweise zur ersten etwa senkrechte, Achse mit dem zweiten der beiden Längsträger verbunden ist.
25. 25. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, wobei das Drehgestell mindestens eine, vorzugsweise 4 Bremsen, vorzugweise Scheiben-, Trommel-, oder Klotzbremsen ausweist, die vorzugsweise vom Bremsträger gestützt werden.
26. 26. Drehgestell nach einem der Aspekte 24 bis 25, das einen zweiten Bremsträger umfasst, der zwischen den beiden Längsträgern angeordnet ist, wobei der zweite Bremsträger ebenso wie der erste an seinen beiden Längesenden mit den beiden Längsträgern verbunden ist, und wobei die Anschlussachsen des zweiten Bremsträger seitenvertauscht zu denen ersten Bremsträger mit den Längsträgern angeordnet sind.
27. 27. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem die Längsträger und vorzugsweise auch der Querträger in Kastenbauweise ausgebildet sind.
28. 28. Drehgestell nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte, bei dem die Längsträger durchgeschwungen ausgebildet sind.
29. 29. Dämpferwinkel für eine Sekundärfederung eines Drehsgestells, vorzugsweise eines Drehgestells gemäß einem der vorliegenden Aspekte, wobei der Dämpferwinkel zum angreifen und zusammenwirken mit mindestens einem Federelement ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dämpferwinkel einen Hebelarm mit einem ersten Schenkel und einem angewinkelt zum ersten Schenkel angeordneten zweiten Schenkel umfasst, wobei an einem dem zweiten Schenkel abgewandten Endbereich des ersten Schenkels des Hebelarms ein Reibkörper mit einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Reibfläche angeordnet ist und wobei der Hebelarm eine Kippachse hat, die im Wesentlichen in der Verlängerung der Reibfläche des Reibkörpers liegt.
30. 30. Sekundärfederung für ein Drehgestell, vorzugsweise eines Drehgestells gemäß einem der vorliegenden Aspekte, mit einem Dämpferwinkel gemäß Aspekt 29.

Further alternative and / or additional aspects of the invention relate to:

1. 1. bogie with a cross member and two longitudinal members, wherein the cross member is connected in the region of its two longitudinal ends in each case via a secondary suspension with one of the two side members, wherein the secondary suspensions each comprise at least two spring elements and a damper angle, characterized in that the damper angle of the secondary springs each comprise a lever arm with a first leg and an angle to the first leg arranged second leg, wherein on a second leg remote from the end portion of the first leg of the lever arm, a friction body is arranged with a substantially flat friction surface and wherein the lever arm has a tilting axis which, according to a preferred embodiment, lies substantially in the extension of the friction surface of the friction body.
2. 2. bogie according to aspect 1, wherein the damper angle of the secondary suspensions are each designed so that the angle between the first leg of the lever arm and the second leg of the lever arm between about 120 ° and about 60 °, preferably between 100 ° and about 80 ° and in particular between about 95 ° and about 85 °.
3. 3. bogie according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the damper angle of the secondary suspensions are each designed so that the friction body comprises a side facing away from the friction surface curvature, which is arranged in a corresponding to the buckle receiving the first leg of the lever arm.
4. 4. Bogie according to aspect 3, wherein the damper angle of the secondary springs are each designed so that the curvature of the friction body is substantially hemispherical, rounded "doppelkeglig, semi-cylindrical and / or cylindrical longitudinal segment-like design.
5. 5. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the friction body is movable, preferably rotatably connected to the lever arm.
6. 6. bogie according to aspect 5, wherein the axes of rotation of the friction body of the damper angle lie on a common axis.
7. 7. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the damper angle of the secondary suspensions are each designed so that the tilting axis of the lever arm is designed substantially hemispherical, rounded "doppelkeglig, semi-cylindrical and / or cylindrical longitudinal segment-like.
8. 8. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the damper angle of the secondary suspensions are each designed so that the second leg of the lever arm has a, preferably cup-like, spring receiving.
9. 9. Bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the at least two spring elements of the secondary suspensions each comprise a first spring element and a second spring element, wherein the first spring element between the cross member and the longitudinal member and the second spring element between the cross member and the second leg of the lever arm the associated damper angle are arranged.
10. 10. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, in which a preferably semi-cylindrical or cylindrical longitudinal segment-like Achsaufnahmeeinrichtung is provided on the longitudinal members, in which the tilting axis of the lever arm of the damper angle of the associated secondary suspension is arranged or formed.
11. 11. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the cross member in the region of the secondary spring each having a, preferably flat, friction surface on which abuts the friction surface of the friction body of the damper angle of the associated secondary suspension.
12. 12. bogie according to aspect 9, wherein the friction surfaces of the cross member are configured on the same side or on a side surface of the cross member.
13. 13. Bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, in which in each case the first spring element and the second spring element of the at least two spring elements of the secondary suspensions in a direction of travel of the bogie are offset from one another.
14. 14. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein in each case the first leg of the lever arm of the damper angle of the secondary springs substantially in a plane perpendicular to a plane defined by the cross member and the second leg of the lever arm of the damper angle of Secondary suspension are arranged substantially in a plane parallel to the plane defined by the cross member.
15. 15. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the at least two spring elements of the secondary suspensions each comprise a spiral spring with progressive characteristic.
16. 16. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein in each case a further friction member between the friction bodies of the damper angle of the secondary spring facing away from or opposite side of the cross member and the associated longitudinal member is arranged.
17. 17. bogie according to aspect 16, wherein the cross member in the region of the secondary suspensions each having a second preferably flat friction surface against which abuts the friction surface of the friction body of the cross member of the associated secondary suspension.
18. 18. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, which comprises at least two wheelsets, each having a wheel axle and two rotatably connected to the wheel axle wheels, wherein the wheel axles in the region of their longitudinal ends is rotatably mounted in a Radsatzlager and wherein the two wheelset bearings, or preferably the Wheelset bearing surrounding Radsatzlageradapter, each, preferably stationary, are connected to a drawbar.
19. 19. bogie according to aspect 18, wherein the two wheelset bearings are each connected via a primary suspension with one of the two side members, wherein the primary springs each have at least a first spring element, which at a first angle to a vertical direction on a direction of bogie between the associated Wheel bearing and the associated side member is arranged
20. 20. bogie according to aspect 16, wherein the first angle are each configured in a range of 90 ° to 135 ° to the perpendicular to the direction of travel of the bogie and in particular be about 120 °.
21. 21. bogie according to aspect 16 or 17, wherein the primary springs each have a second spring element which is arranged at a second angle to the vertical to the direction of travel of the bogie between the associated wheel bearing and the associated side member.
22. 22. bogie according to aspect 18, wherein the second angle corresponds approximately to the reversed first angle.
23. 23. bogie according to one of the aspects 16 to 19, wherein the spring elements of the primary springs are designed as elastomeric springs.
24. 24. Bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, comprising at least one brake carrier, which is arranged between the two longitudinal members, preferably suspended, wherein the brake carrier at one of its two longitudinal ends rotatable about a first axis with a first of the two side members and at another its two longitudinal ends rotatable about a second, preferably connected to the first approximately perpendicular, axis with the second of the two longitudinal members.
25. 25. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the bogie at least one, preferably 4 brakes, preferably disc, drum, or block brakes identifies, which are preferably supported by the brake carrier.
26. 26. bogie according to one of the aspects 24 to 25, which comprises a second brake carrier, which is arranged between the two longitudinal members, wherein the second brake carrier as well as the first is connected at its two longitudinal ends with the two side rails, and wherein the connection axes of the second Brake carrier laterally reversed to those first brake carrier are arranged with the longitudinal members.
27. 27. bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the longitudinal members and preferably also the cross member are formed in box construction.
28. 28. Bogie according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the longitudinal members are formed by swung.
29. 29. damper angle for a secondary suspension of a bogie, preferably a bogie according to one of the present aspects, wherein the damper angle for engaging and cooperating with at least one spring element is formed, characterized in that the damper angle is a lever arm with a first leg and angled to the first leg arranged on a second end facing away from the second leg end portion of the first leg of the lever arm, a friction body is arranged with a substantially flat friction surface and wherein the lever arm has a tilting axis which is substantially in the extension of the friction surface of the friction body.
30. 30. Secondary suspension for a bogie, preferably a bogie according to one of the present aspects, with a damper angle according to aspect 29th

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the bogie according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by means of embodiments.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestells;

Fig. 2a

eine Seitenansicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Drehgestells, Fig. 2b eine teilgeschnittene Seitenansicht des Drehgestells;

Fig. 3

ein Detail A einer Sekundärfederung mit Dämpferwinkel des Drehgestells gemäß Fig. 2a;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestells ohne Querträger;

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Drehgestell mit Bremsträgern;

Fig. 6

eine teilgeschnittene Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Drehgestell mit Bremsträgern ohne Querträger;

Fig. 7

eine Vorderansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestells;

Fig. 8

eine Unteransicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestells.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a bogie according to the invention;

Fig. 2a

a side view of a bogie according to the invention, Fig. 2b a partially sectioned side view of the bogie;

Fig. 3

a detail A of a secondary suspension with damper angle of the bogie according to Fig. 2a ;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of a bogie according to the invention without cross member;

Fig. 5

a plan view of an inventive bogie with brake carriers;

Fig. 6

a partially sectioned plan view of an inventive bogie with brake carriers without cross member;

Fig. 7

a front view of a bogie according to the invention;

Fig. 8

a bottom view of a bogie according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional view of a bogie 1 according to the invention from above. Fig. 1 as well as the following ones FIGS. 2 to 8 , is provided with a three-axis coordinate system, which is referred to in the context of this application for the description of the bogie according to the invention as well as the orientation and orientation of individual elements thereof. In this context, the x-direction is also referred to as the travel or longitudinal direction of the bogie. The y-direction is also referred to as the transverse direction, wherein the plane spanned by the x and y directions is also referred to as the horizontal plane. In the x and y direction, depending on the view, also referred to as horizontal. The z-direction is also referred to as vertical or perpendicular. The design-related direction of travel of the bogie is in the x-direction, the gravity acts in the z-direction.

The bogie according to the invention has a three-part frame, preferably in welding execution on. The three-part frame comprises a first longitudinal or long beam 3a, a second longitudinal beam 3b and a cross member 5. These components are designed according to a preferred embodiment as a box-shaped welded construction. On the longitudinal members 3 (3a, 3b) are preferably functional elements, such as support elements 7a, 7b, 9a, 9b, preferably designed as receptacles for mounting the holder of the brake devices, and / or support members 11 a, 11 b, 13 a, 13 b for supporting or positioning or guiding the cross member 5 and / or elements of the secondary suspension, welded (sa Fig. 4 ). Side members 3a, 3b and cross member 5 are preferably connected by a lift-up, advantageously designed as a rope fuses. This prevents separation of otherwise only loosely interconnected long and cross beams during operation.

According to the illustrated preferred embodiment, the bogie 1, preferably low-stress, wheelsets 15a, 15b with wheels 17 and wheelset bearings 19. Preferably, the end stops of the cross member 5 between the longitudinal beams or longitudinal beams 3a, 3b and / or between the longitudinal beams 3a, 3b and the wheelset bearings 19 of the wheelsets 15a, 15b provided with plastic discs. Preferably, the respective end stops have a wear plate on the one hand and a arranged on the opposite component Plastic disc on. This reduces in particular wear and noise reduction during operation. The wheelset bearings are preferably provided with Radsatzlageradaptern 21, which are defined and preferably releasably connected to the wheel 15 and the respective wheelset bearing 19 at least partially surrounded. Preferably, the longitudinal members 3 are connected to the wheelsets 15 via such wheelset bearing adapter 21.

The components are preferably arranged with respect to one another or guided toward one another or against one another such that a transverse play of approximately +/- 20 mm, preferably approximately +/- 10 mm, is provided between cross member 5 and side member 3a or 3b. The transverse play between wheelset 15a, 15b and longitudinal members 3a, 3b is preferably about +/- 20mm and preferably about +/- 10mm. The longitudinal clearance between wheelset 15a, 15b and side members 3a, 3b is preferably +/- 12mm, more preferably about +/- 6mm. The longitudinal clearance between the cross member 5 and the longitudinal members 3a, 3b is preferably less than about 4mm, preferably about 0mm.

Between the cross member 5 and each side member 3a, 3b, according to the illustrated preferred embodiment, a cradle suspension is arranged (see also FIG Fig. 2a . 2 B . 3 and 4 ). This preferably comprises 2, more preferably 4 or more springs 20 (20 ', 20 ") per longitudinal carrier 3a, 3b. The springs are preferably designed as helical springs with a progressive characteristic. which are rotatably or tiltably mounted on or connected to the respective longitudinal beam 3a, 3b. The damper angles 22 are preferably designed as a lever arm with a first leg 26 (26a, 26b) and a second leg 24 (24a, 24b) , wherein the second leg 24 extends substantially in the x direction and the first leg 26 extends substantially in the z direction .The two legs are arranged at an angle to one another. At the outer end of the first leg 26 is a receptacle 28 (28a, 28b). for a friction body 30 (30a, 30b) .The friction body 30 preferably has a connection geometry corresponding to the receptacle 28, which is preferably at least partially hemispherical, as a cylindrical longitudinal segment ment and / or is designed as a double cone segment. The friction body 30 is preferably rotatably disposed in the receptacle 28. The friction body further comprises a flat friction surface for contact with a corresponding, preferably also flat, friction surface 32 (32a, 32b), which is provided on the cross member 5. Cross member friction surface 32 is preferably formed as a wear plate. Friction body 30 is preferably made of a friction material, eg polyamide with Reibwertmodifikatoren.

The damper angle 22 preferably comprises a tilting axis which lies substantially in an extension of or in a plane 38 of the friction surface of the friction body 30. The respective tilt axes of the damper angle 22a and the damper angle 22b, which are respectively arranged on a side member 3a, 3b, are preferably on a line or an axis.

According to a preferred embodiment, the tilting axis of the lever arm is formed by a projection provided on the respective lever arm, preferably an approximately semicircular or approximately semi-cylindrical or cylindrical segment-like projection 34 (34a, 34b) which, in a corresponding exception 36 (36a, 36b) in FIG. is provided on the longitudinal beam 3a, 3b. Projection 34 is preferably made of a friction material, e.g. Polyamide with Reibwertmodifikatoren, prepared and preferably firmly connected to the damper angle 22. The axis of rotation of the friction body 30 is according to an advantageous embodiment substantially parallel to the tilting axis of the damper angle and the damper angle 22nd

While the first springs 20 ', as described above, not directly supported on the long beams 3, but act on the damper angle 22, the second springs 20 "are based on the long beams 3 and act between the cross member 5 and the long beams. 3 ,

According to a preferred embodiment, the friction bodies 30a, 30b provided on the damper angles 22a, 22b respectively press against a friction surface 32a, 32b which are both provided on one side of the cross member, preferably in the region of the ends of the cross member 5 or on the lateral cradle pans , On the other or longitudinally opposite side of the cross member 5 and the respective cradle spring cup, the cross member 5 is in turn supported by a friction surface 40a, 40b, preferably formed as a wear plate on second friction bodies 42a, 42b. The second friction bodies 42a, 42b or also long carrier friction bodies 42a, 42b are not fastened to a damper angle but are replaced by the longitudinal carrier 3a, 3b or provided on the longitudinal beam 3a, 3b support means 13a, 13b held. The holder is preferably rotatable and described in accordance with the preferred embodiments in connection with the mounting of the friction body 30 in the damper angle 22. This embodiment allows in particular a load-dependent friction damping, which is effective in both directions of movement of the cross member. At the same time, a substantially clearance-free guidance (in the x-direction) between the longitudinal and transverse beams is effected. The normal of the flat friction surfaces preferably extends substantially in the longitudinal or x-direction. The friction surfaces of the Dämpferwinkelreibkörper 30 and the Langträgerreibkörper 42 are preferably arranged parallel to each other and / or are preferably arranged in x-direction spaced sides of the cross member 5.

FIG. 3 shows a detail view of the detail A from FIG. 2a with a damper angle 22a, which is rotatably or tiltably connected via a lateral in the side view semicircular projection 34a, which is mounted in a correspondingly shaped receptacle 36b, which is mounted on the longitudinal beam 3a with the longitudinal beam 3a. Spring element 20 'is arranged on a first leg 24a of the damper element 22a and acts between the damper element 22a and the cross member 5. If the cross member 5 is loaded downward, ie in the opposite Z direction, a vertically downward force acts via the spring 20 on the first leg 24 a of the lever arm, which thus tends to pivot about its axis 34 and tilt. As a result, the second leg 26a of the lever arm with the friction element 30a bears against the friction surface 32a, which is arranged on the side of the cross member 5. On the opposite side of the cross member of this or a provided on this friction element 40 (see. Fig. 2b ) pressed against long carrier friction body 42. During a movement in the z-direction, the cross member 5 is preferably also subjected to a frictional force, preferably in accordance with the force formed by friction elements 30. Longitudinal carrier friction bodies 42 preferably also support the cross member 5 in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the longitudinal members 3 each have an end stop 44. This is preferably arranged on the support element 11 and / or is arranged on the long carrier friction member 42 and the support member 13 opposite side of the cross member 5. End stop 44 and long carrier friction body 44 limit the Movement of the cross member 5 in the longitudinal or x-direction. Preferably, the end stop 44 is designed as an end stop for the damper angle 22, in particular its first leg 26. End stop 44 thus limits the tiltability of the damper angle and thus in turn the movement of the cross member.

The secondary suspensions are also according to the illustration FIG. 4 it can be seen clearly that it is apparent that four spring element are used according to the illustrated preferred embodiment, wherein two first spring elements 20 'in a receptacle or in a spring cup 28a, 28b of the respective damper angle 22a, 22b are arranged, ie between damper angle and cross member 5 (in FIG. 4 not shown) act. Each two second spring elements 20 "act between the longitudinal beams 3a and 3b and cross member. 5

The bogie further comprises wheelsets, preferably at least two wheelsets 15 (15a, 15b) with wheels 17. Between the wheelsets 15 and the long beams 3, a primary suspension 40 is provided. This is preferably realized by a special spring arrangement, as discussed in the introductory part of the description. Preferably, angularly mutually arranged first spring elements 40 'and second spring elements 40 ", preferably rubber or elastomeric spring elements are used, which are arranged at an angle to each other and to the vertical Preferably, the primary suspension is fastened to the longitudinal member by a projection which engages a corresponding recess provided on the longitudinal member Milled connections guided positively. The damping is preferably carried out by the internal damping of the rubber spring (s) preferably used. The bogie according to the invention preferably comprises two low-stress wheelsets 15. According to other, not shown embodiments, a plurality of wheelsets may be provided. The connection between wheelset and bogie or wheelset and long beams is preferably via wheelset bearing adapter, which at least partially on the Wheelsets are slipped and which are preferably protected by a, for example, secured with two bolts, lift-off against lifting.

Depending on the brake equipment, two brake disks 60 can each be mounted on the wheel set shafts 50 (50a, 50b) of the wheelsets 15. However, other brake types and designs of the brakes are conceivable. The wheelsets are preferably connected to each other via a Radsatzkopplung. The wheel set coupling preferably engages the wheelset bearings or the wheelset bearing adapters of the wheelsets. According to the illustrated preferred embodiments, the Radsatzkopplung is designed as a drawbar coupling. The drawbar coupling preferably has two drawbar arches 70a, 70b, which are in each case in communication with the wheelset bearings of a wheelset 15 and which are connected to one another via a hinge point 72. The condyle or point 72 is preferably designed as a wear-free joint, preferably as an elastomer joint. The connection preferably takes place approximately in the center of rotation or the pivot point 72 is preferably arranged approximately in the bogie center. The drawbar coupling allows in particular the mutual control of the two sets of wheels of a bogie. This has a particularly advantageous effect on the smoothness and thus the vibration behavior of the bogie.

Preferably, the drawbars are protected in the bogie frame by a safety rope or a lashing device against falling or sagging. Such a cable safety device or strap safety device is preferably arranged on a, later discussed, brake carrier. Preferably, the drawbars are treated together with the Radsatzlageradaptern as insoluble components or are preferably insoluble, for example by welding, connected to these, the wheelsets can be removed and replaced, for example, by opening the Abhebesicherung the Radsatzlageradapter of Radsatzlageradaptern and the drawbars , This embodiment proves to be particularly advantageous because it allows a wait and the exchange of wheelsets without interference with the relevant for the accuracy of the wheelset and the running behavior and the overall vibration behavior of the bogie structure.

The rotary pan 80 of the bogie according to the invention is preferably formed by the prior art known solutions and constructions. Preferably, a lateral support of the car body on the bogie via two resilient sliders 82 (see FIG. 2a and FIG. 5 .)

According to a preferred embodiment, the bogie according to the invention further comprises a suspension for a mechanical brake system. For this purpose, at least one, preferably two, brake carrier 90 (90a, 90b) are provided, which are arranged between the two longitudinal beams 3a, 3b. Preferably, a brake carrier 90 in the long beam or in devices provided thereon 7a, 7b, 13a, 13b mounted. Preferably, a brake carrier is mounted in three points, wherein a Einpunktlagerung is provided on one side of the brake carrier and a Einpunktlagerung on the other side of the brake carrier. A brake carrier therefore preferably has no influence on the torsional behavior of the bogie or the longitudinal carriers 3a, 3b. Such a three-point bearing is preferably carried out by the provision of a receptacle 7 (7a, 7b), which supports a bolt at two points, and a corresponding provided in the brake carrier receptacle for carrying the bolt on the one hand. As a result, the brake carrier is mounted in two points. The bolt preferably extends in the longitudinal direction (x-direction) of the bogie. At the other end of the brake carrier 90 this is fastened by a pin directed transversely to the bolt (y-direction) in a corresponding receptacle 9 (9a, 9b) of the second longitudinal carrier 3. If two brake carriers 90a, 90b are provided, the different suspension principles are respectively provided at different ends of the brake carrier. In other words, when providing, for example, two brake carriers 90a, 90b, one longitudinal carrier 3a, 3b each has a suspension device with longitudinal bolts 7 and a suspension with transverse pin 9. The brake carrier is designed accordingly. The brake carriers are therefore identical. However, the suspension on the longitudinal beam is different due to the different installation direction of the brake carrier on both sides of the cross member. This allows a particularly advantageous and balanced distribution of the forces introduced by the brake carrier into the bogie.

The bogie described, especially for freight transport has a particularly advantageous damping and vibration behavior. In particular, this shows bogie according to the invention a significantly reduced track stress and a significantly lower noise than conventional bogies. At the same time, a modular design, in particular by the three independent frame elements (two longitudinal beams, a cross member), enables a simple design, manufacture and assembly as well as optimized adjustability and adjustability of the bogie. The bogie allows a radial adjustment of the wheelsets in the track curve, so when cornering, in particular by the inventive use of Radsatzkopplung described. Even in the straight line a high stability is guaranteed even with unfavorable wheel-rail contact conditions. The inventive design of the bogie is also very soft connection which here advantageous, in particular on the trafficability of track distortions in poor sections or connecting tracks, affects. The improved running and noise characteristics of the bogie according to the invention also prove to be advantageous in that it results in less wear of both track bed and wheelsets. As a result, on the one hand maintained an optimal profile of the running surfaces of the wheels over a long period. The service life of the bogie is extended and consuming and costly maintenance work such as over-running of the treads are reduced. Furthermore, the track bed is spared, which in the long run also leads to reduced influence of the track bed on the wear and thus the driving characteristics and noise of the bogie when crossing the track bed. Finally, the improved suspension and connection properties of the chassis according to the invention also lead to a reduced noise level. The use of optimized component geometry, the reduction of structure-borne sound bridges and of noise and vibration-intensive moving connections also contribute to the improvement of the bogie.

Simulation tests have shown that bogies according to the invention are superior in terms of their running, damping, and noise properties both when driving straight ahead and when cornering known bogies many times.

Although the invention has been shown and described in detail by means of the figures and the associated description, this description and this detailed description are to be understood as illustrative and exemplary and not as the invention restrictive. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications without departing from the scope and spirit of the following claims. In particular, the invention also includes embodiments with any combination of features mentioned or shown above or below various embodiments.

The invention also includes individual features in the figures, even though they are shown there in connection with other features and / or are not mentioned above or below. Also, the embodiments and individual features thereof described in the figures and the description may be excluded from the subject invention.

Furthermore, the term "comprising" and derivatives thereof does not exclude other elements or steps. Also, the indefinite article "a" and "derivatives" and derivatives thereof do not exclude a variety. The functions of several features listed in the claims may be fulfilled by one unit. The mere fact that certain masses are listed in mutually different dependent claims does not mean that a combination of these masses can not be used to advantage. The terms "substantially", "approximately", "approximately" and the like in connection with a property or a value in particular also define precisely the property or exactly the value. All reference signs in the claims are not to be understood as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims (15)

1. Bogie having one transversal beam (5) and two longitudinal beams (3a, 3b), wherein in the region of its two longitudinal ends the transversal beam is connected to one of the two longitudinal beams each via a secondary suspension wherein each of the secondary suspensions comprises at least two spring elements (20', 20") and an attenuation bracket (22), characterized in that each attenuation bracket (22) of the secondary suspensions comprises a lever arm having a first leg (26) and a second leg (21) being arranged at an angle relative to the first leg, wherein a friction body (30) having a substantially plane friction face (32) is arranged at an end portion of the first leg of the lever arm facing away from the second leg and wherein the lever arm comprises a tilting axis which is substantially arranged in the extension of the friction face of the friction body.
2. Bogie according to claim 1, wherein the attenuation brackets of the secondary suspensions each are configured such that the friction body comprises a bulge facing away from the friction face, the bulge being arranged in a reception corresponding to the bulge of the first leg of the lever arm.
3. Bogie according to claim 2, wherein the attenuation brackets of the secondary suspensions each are configured such that the bulge of the friction body substantially has the shape of a hemisphere, a double cone, a half cylinder, a longitudinal cylinder segment and/or a rounded shape.
4. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the friction body is movably attached to the lever arm, preferably rotatably.
5. Bogie according to claim 4, wherein the rotation axes of the friction bodies of the attenuation brackets are arranged in a common axis.
6. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the attenuation brackets of the secondary suspensions each are configured such that the tilting axis of the lever arm is substantially in the shape of a hemisphere, a double cone, a half cylinder, a longitudinal cylinder segment and/or a rounded shape.
7. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the at least two spring elements of the secondary suspensions comprises a first spring element and a second spring element, wherein the first spring element is arranged between the transversal beam and the longitudinal beam and the second spring element is arranged between the transversal beam and the second leg of the lever arm of the respective attenuation bracket.
8. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an axle receiving means preferably in the shape of a half cylinder or a longitudinal cylinder segment is arranged at each of the longitudinal beams, the tilting axis of the lever arm of the attenuation bracket of the respective secondary suspension being arranged or formed therein.
9. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transversal beam comprises a, preferably plane, friction face in the region of each of the secondary suspensions, said friction face contacting the friction face of the friction body of the attenuation bracket of the respective secondary suspension.
10. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first spring element and the second spring element of the at least two spring elements of the secondary suspensions are arranged in the driving direction of the bogie so as to have an offset to each other.
11. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a further friction body is arranged between each side of the transversal beam facing away from or being opposite to the friction bodies of the attenuation brackets of the secondary suspensions and the respective longitudinal beam.
12. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transversal beam comprises a second, preferably plane, friction face in the region of each of the secondary suspensions, said friction face contacting the friction face of the friction body of the transversal beam of the respective secondary suspension.
13. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims comprising at least two sets of wheels each having a wheel axle and two wheels being attached to the axle in a rotatably fixed manner, wherein in the region of its longitudinal ends each wheel axle is rotatably supported in bearings for the set of wheels and wherein each of the two bearings for the set of wheels, or preferably adapters for the bearing for the set of wheels surrounding the bearings for the set of wheels, is, preferably in a locally fixed manner, attached to a draw bar preferably comprising a hinge point.
14. Bogie according to claim 13, wherein the two bearings for the set of wheels are respectively connected to one of the two longitudinal beams via a primary suspension, wherein each primary suspension comprises at least a first and a second spring element, said spring elements being arranged between the respective wheel bearing and the respective longitudinal beam at an angle relative to a normal to the driving direction of the bogie.
15. Bogie according to any one of the preceding claims comprising at least one break support being arranged, preferably suspended, between the two longitudinal beams, wherein, at one end of its two longitudinal ends, the break support is attached rotatably around a first axis to a first of the two longitudinal beams and, at the other end of its two longitudinal ends, the break support is attached rotatably around a second axis to the second of the two longitudinal beams, the second axis being preferably approximately vertical to the first axis.

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