EP0564903B1 - Construction element for the fabrication of particularly the contours of the main body of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

A structural element (1, 1a to 1f) according to the invention is used for producing contours of prefabricated building units. The structural element essentially comprises two bar-shaped individual elements (2) arranged in parallel to each other. Said individual elements can be connected to each other on a longitudinal edge (8 or 9), by means of the axis (4a), with the aid of a folding hinge which is oriented with its axis parallel to the longitudinal axes of the individual elements. At the ends of the individual elements (2) there are located, at right angles to the folding hinge, connection hinges having the axes (7a) for connecting to neighbouring structural elements (1). In the connecting region of neighbouring structural elements, the hinge axes (4a, 7a) intersect outside the individual elements (2) in a common axis centre (11). By this type of connection and the construction of the structural element, a movable, cardan connection joint is formed, in which virtually any angular arrangements may be assigned to the structural elements connected to one another. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a component for producing, in particular, structural contours from rod-shaped parts and connection nodes for connecting these parts.

In particular, for network structures such. B. for roofs, it is known to use rod-shaped connecting elements and node elements for the supporting structure.

The knot elements can be designed as ball knots or disk knots. Ball knots made of metal are known, for example, which can have up to 18 rod connections in the form of threaded holes distributed over their circumference. Correspondingly designed screw connections are provided at the rod ends.

This system has proven itself in practice, but can still be improved. In the case of a prefabricated ball node with the maximum possible number of rod connections, only a predetermined angle gradation or angle assignment of the rods is possible. In the case of structural surfaces made of different polygonal surfaces, each node must be made individually for each corner, i.e. H. Special designs are required for these special connecting angles of the rods.

Due to the axial screw connections, the rods can only absorb and transmit torsional forces to a very limited extent.

In the case of rod-shaped connecting elements, the outer skin - e.g. B. in a roof structure - facing sides can be adapted according to the course of the planking or the like by deburring or attachment parts, which means an additional effort.

A component which consists of two rod-shaped individual elements which are arranged parallel to one another and which can be connected at an outer longitudinal edge by means of a folding hinge oriented with its axis parallel to the long sides of the individual elements is known from GB-A-2 244 536. The component can only be connected to neighboring elements by means of a node element in predetermined angular arrangements.

The object of the present invention is to provide a component of the type mentioned at the outset which can be connected to neighboring elements in virtually any angular arrangement, and this should also be possible with universally prefabricated components. In addition, there should be a stable node connection.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes in particular that the component has at least one front end of both individual elements perpendicular to their longitudinal axes oriented connection hinges for connecting to identical or other components and that the extensions of the respective hinge axes outside the individual elements in a common axis center in the connection node to cut.

The knot connections are movable in this construction according to the invention, so that any connection angle between adjacent components (rods) can be set within predetermined limits.

Prefabricated universal components can thus be used for practically all applications and edge structures of any body can be reproduced and non-positively connected at the corners of the body.

The position of the geometric connection node formed by the intersection of the respective axes remains the same even when the position of the connected rod-shaped components changes. This also means that there are no rod length changes when the angle is changed, and system lengths are therefore always the same.

The hinge connections provided result in a torsionally stable connection in the node area, so that in many cases otherwise necessary support measures can be omitted.

Appropriately, bevels or the like are provided at the ends of the individual elements, adjacent to the connection hinges, to the maximally provided freedom of movement or to the respective connection angle to adjacent components.

These bevels form the appropriate free space for the intended adjustment angle in order to adjoin adjacent, interconnected components or individual elements, for. B. from an extended position to an angled position.

Run the ends of the individual elements beveled to the connection hinges at an acute angle of z. B. 20 °, there is a movement of about 140 ° in one plane and based on the stretched position. At the same time, the individual elements can also be moved around their folding hinge axis for spherical surface structures with a freedom of movement of up to 90 ° per individual element around the folding hinge axis.

It is advantageous if the side surface of the individual elements facing away from the folding hinge on a longitudinal edge facing away from the folding hinge is adjoined by a fastening side and / or support side on the long side and preferably perpendicular to the side surface, preferably for planking or the like.

The fastening or support side for the planking or the like follows a movement of the individual elements about their folding hinge and connecting hinge axes, whereby it is always aligned with the body boundary surface. As a result, no burrs or the like which are adapted to the respective position of the component and which cause a corresponding outlay are required.

Additional embodiments of the invention are listed in the further subclaims. The invention with its essential details is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine perspektifische Ansicht eines Ausschnittes einer Netztragwerkkonstruktion unter Verwendung erfindungsgemäßer Bauelemente,

Fig. 2

eine Aufsicht von drei miteinander verbundenen Bauelementen in unterschiedlichen Lagen,

Fig. 3 und 4

Stinseitenansichten eines Bauelementes mit unterschiedlich angeordneten Klappscharnier-Achsen,

Fig. 5 bis 7

eine Aufsicht sowie zugehörige Stirnseitenansichten eines Einzelelementes,

Fig. 8 bis 10

Ansichten eines Einzelelementes in gegenüber Fig.5 bis 7 um 90° verdrehter Lage,

Fig. 11 bis 13

wiederum gegenüber Fig. 8 um 90° verdrehte Ansichten eines Einzelelementes und

Fig. 14 bis 19

schematische Darstellungen von Anwendungsbeispielen des erfindungsgemäßen Bauelementes bei unter-schiedlichen Baukörperkonturen.

It shows:

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective view of a section of a network structure using components according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a supervision of three interconnected components in different positions,

3 and 4

Face-on views of a component with differently arranged folding hinge axes,

5 to 7

a top view and associated end views of an individual element,

8 to 10

Views of a single element in a position rotated by 90 ° with respect to FIGS. 5 to 7,

11 to 13

8 views of a single element rotated by 90 ° compared to FIG. 8

14 to 19

schematic representations of application examples of the component according to the invention with different structural contours.

Fig. 1 shows seven components 1 to 1 f according to the invention, which are connected at their ends to form a network structure. They form an edge structure and each delimit different surface sections.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the two components 1 a and 1 b form side edges of a hexagon, the components 1 b and 1 c form two sides of a square, and likewise the components 1 d and 1 e and 1 e and 1 f. The components 1, 1 a and 1 d delimit a triangle. Pages 1, 1 c and 1 f form three sides of a pentagon.

Each of the components 1 to 1 f consists of two rod-shaped individual elements 2 arranged parallel to one another (cf. also FIGS. 2 to 13), which in the exemplary embodiment can consist of rods with a rectangular cross section, which are attached to an outer longitudinal edge with the aid of a folding hinge 4 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) can be connected. As a result, these individual elements can be placed against one another or folded apart about the folding hinge axis with their longitudinal side faces 5 facing each other.

At the ends 6 of the individual elements 2 there are connection hinges 7, the axes of which are oriented at right angles to that of the folding hinge 4.

In Fig. 1, for the sake of simplicity, only the hinge axes 4 a and 7 a of the folding hinges 4 and the connecting hinges 7 are shown. By the invention Arrangement of the folding hinges 4 and the connecting hinges 7, the movements of the individual elements 2 of a component 1, as well as of individual elements of adjacent components, which can be seen particularly in FIGS. 2 to 4, can be seen.
In the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 to 13, the two individual elements 2 can optionally be connected to one another on adjacent outer longitudinal edges 8 or 9 by means of folding hinges 4 in order to be able to form positive or negative spatial shapes.

The connecting hinges 7 located at the ends 6 and the folding hinges 4 running at right angles together delimit a longitudinal side surface 5 of an individual element 2.

In the interconnected components 1 and 1 a to 1 f, a connection node 10 is formed in the connection area, which also forms a geometrical corner point of the space frame construction. In this connection node, the extensions of the respective hinge axes intersect in a common axis center 11. In the practical exemplary embodiment, this axis center 11 lies outside of the individual elements 2 in the "material-free space" in order to achieve the intended possibility of movement of the components 1.

Due to the division of the component into two individual elements 2 connected via the hinged hinge 4 and the coupling with further components via the connecting hinges 7, a cardanic articulated connection and a direct movement coupling are present, through which the individual elements coupled to one component of adjacent components move with each other when the position of the first component is changed. Thus, the individual elements surrounding a field adapt to changes in position at the same time.
This has the considerable advantage that the upper sides in FIG. 1 facing away from the hinges 4 adjust to the areas delimited by these individual elements. These sides can preferably be at right angles to the Longitudinal side surfaces 5, to which folding hinges adjoin, are arranged and form support or fastening sides 12 for cladding 13 (cf. FIGS. 14 to 19), for example a roof skin.

If the support sides and longitudinal side surfaces 5 are arranged at right angles, the surfaces of a field enclosed by components run flush with the support or fastening sides 12. However, an embodiment is also conceivable in which assignments deviating from a right angle are provided between the longitudinal side surfaces 5 and the support sides 12 are, for example if the planking 13 itself is spherically shaped. It is only essential here that the coupling of the components according to the invention provides for a common alignment of the individual elements delimiting a field.

As can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the individual elements 2 of a component 1 can also be decoupled from their folding hinge connections. As a result, a significantly expanded area of application of the component 1 according to the invention is possible.

Depending on the intended range of motion, either the position of the connection hinges 7, in particular their distance from the ends of the individual elements 2, can be varied and / or the bevels 14 running to the connection hinges 7 can be designed accordingly. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the bevels 14 are designed such that the components connected to one another or their individual elements 2 can be pivoted up to 135 ° in one plane, starting from the stretched position, as shown in dashed lines.

As already mentioned, the folding hinges 4 can be attached either to the two outer longitudinal edges 8 or 9 of the inner longitudinal side surfaces 5. As a result, both concave and convex shaped fields of a network structure can be realized.

The practical design of the folding hinges 4 and the connecting hinges 7 can be seen in FIGS. 2 to 4 and in particular also in FIGS. 5 to 13. To form the hinges 4 axially aligned eyelet parts 15 are provided at least at the end regions of the individual elements 2 with a corresponding length and in intermediate regions, which are arranged here in pairs at a distance from each other to engage a counter-eyelet part of the second individual element provided to form a component . The pairs of eyelets are each offset from one another by the width of an eyelet part 15 with respect to a central plane in the middle of the longitudinal extent of the individual elements. As a result, all of the individual elements 2 (with the same system lengths) can be of the same design, so that on the one hand there are manufacturing advantages and on the other hand a universal modular system could also be prefabricated. The eyelet parts 15 are arranged in the region of chamfers 17 of the longitudinal edges 8, 9, so that the folding hinge axis 4 a lie in the plane of the adjacent side surface.

Also to form the connection hinges 7 at the ends of the individual elements 2, tab-shaped eyelet parts 16 are provided, which are arranged so that their axes are perpendicular to that of the folding hinge 4 and both axes lie in one plane. This can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 8 to 10. The eyelet parts 16 of the connection hinges 7 are laterally offset from one another at the two ends 6 of an individual element 2.

Instead of eyelet parts 15 and 16 arranged in pairs, correspondingly more eyelet parts arranged next to one another can be provided, even with higher loads, or only one single eyelet engaging between a pair of eyelets on a lower load. When assembling the individual elements 2 to form a component 1, the individual elements 2 are turned sideways connected at their ends so that the axially offset hinge parts 15, 16 fit into each other.

The arrangement of eyelet parts 15 both on the outer longitudinal edge 8 and on the longitudinal edge 9 according to FIGS. 3 to 13 should in particular clarify that the individual elements 2 can be designed universally for different structural contours with positive shapes and negative shapes. If the shape of the construction is known from the beginning, it is sufficient to provide eyelet parts 15 only on one of the outer longitudinal edges 8 or 9 in order to avoid unnecessary effort in this case.

To connect the eyelet parts 15 and 16 to a hinged hinge 4 or a connecting hinge 7, the through-hole thru axles can be provided.

It should also be mentioned that stiffeners such as square or rectangular surfaces. B. can be provided in the form of diagonal struts which are attached with their ends to the connecting hinges 7. The diagonal struts then have at their ends eyelet parts 16 which are penetrated by the hinge bolt inserted in the respective connection hinge 7.

The individual elements 2 can consist of wood and, for example, can also be designed as glue binders. However, they can also consist of metal or plastic for other applications. The connecting fittings formed by the eyelet parts 15 and 16 can be metal parts or plastic parts which are dimensioned according to the strength requirements and are connected to the individual elements 2. The individual elements 2 can have a wide variety of cross-sectional shapes. Extruded profiles can also be used, particularly for metal designs. There is also the possibility of integrally molding the hinge parts, in particular in the case of individual plastic elements 2. With less The hinges can be designed as snap or snap-in connections, in particular for toy parts.

FIGS. 14 to 19 show different surfaces of the structure, in which the components 1 according to the invention can be used. These are essentially dome-shaped network structures. However, the area of application extends beyond roof structures, pavilion buildings and the like to toys, climbing systems, the decoration area, trade fair systems and the like. There is therefore a very wide range of applications.
To summarize briefly, the essential advantages of the components according to the invention are their stepless adjustability with respect to the connection angle, the structurally simple structure, the position of the axis center in each case within the connection node forming a construction corner point and also the torsion-resistant connection between the individual components.

Claims (11)

1. A construction element (1) for fabricating particularly the contours of a structure from bar-shaped components and junctions for connecting said components, said construction element consisting of two bar-shaped single elements (2) which are arranged parallel to each other and are connectable at least at one longitudinal edge (8, 9) by a folding hinge (4), said folding hinge having its axis oriented parallel to the longitudinal axes of the single elements, characterized in that the construction element (1) has connecting hinges (7) which are situated at at least one front end of both single elements (2), are oriented at right angles to the longitudinal axes of said single elements and serve for connection to construction elements of the same or different design, and that the extensions of the axes of the respective hinges intersect outside of the single elements at a common axial centre (11) in the junction (10).
2. A construction element as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that provided at the ends of the single elements (2), adjacent to the connecting hinges (7), are bevels (14) adapted to the latitude of movement maximally envisaged or adapted to the respective connection angle to adjacent construction elements.
3. A construction element as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the single elements (2) have a substantially rectangular cross section and front ends oriented at right angles to the longitudinal axis, that the folding hinge (4) is optionally fitted at outer longitudinal edges (8, 9) adjoining a common longitudinal side face (5), and that the connecting hinges (7) are in each case provided at an edge which defines the same side face (5) as the folding hinge (4) and extends at right angles to the axis (4a) of the folding hinge.
4. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the folding hinge (4) has, at least at the end portions of the single elements (2), axially aligned eye elements (15) which are preferably arranged in pairs and spaced each for engaging one companion eye element of the second single element and have one or more shafts passed therethrough in the connected position.
5. A construction element as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that depressions, preferably chamfers (17) are provided at the longitudinal edge(s) (8, 9) envisaged for fitting the folding hinges (4) and that the eye elements (15) are provided at said depressions in such a way that the axis (4a) of the folding hinge is coplanar with the adjoining side faces.
6. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connecting hinge (7) has at the front end(s) of the single elements (2) one or more spaced eye elements (16) each for engaging one companion eye element of a construction element to be connected, and that the eye elements at one front end are laterally offset in relation to the eye elements at the other front end by the width of one eye element.
7. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the two single elements (2) composing a construction element (1) are formed or arranged substantially in mirror symmetry to each other about the axis (4a) of the folding hinge.
8. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that adjoining the side face (5) of the single elements (2) having the folding hinge (4) at one longitudinal edge (8, 9), and averted from the folding hinge, is a longitudinal side (12) preferably at right angles to the side face (5) and serving to fasten and/or support preferably planking or the like.
9. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the single elements (2) are made of wood, plastic or metal and the assembly fittings and fixtures (4, 7) are preferably metal or plastic components and that in particular metallic single elements are formed by extrusions.
10. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the single elements (2), particularly when made of plastic or metal, are integrally formed with hinge portions.
11. A construction element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that particularly for plastic single elements (2), the hinge joints are formed by movable means connecting by snap action.

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