EP0564549A1 - Composition, bain et procede de trempe des metaux. - Google Patents
Composition, bain et procede de trempe des metaux.Info
- Publication number
- EP0564549A1 EP0564549A1 EP92902787A EP92902787A EP0564549A1 EP 0564549 A1 EP0564549 A1 EP 0564549A1 EP 92902787 A EP92902787 A EP 92902787A EP 92902787 A EP92902787 A EP 92902787A EP 0564549 A1 EP0564549 A1 EP 0564549A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- quenching
- starch
- metals
- starchy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a concentrated aqueous composition for quenching metals and their alloys. It also relates to the quenching baths obtained from this composition as well as the process for quenching metals using said composition.
- heating followed by maintenance at high temperature (between 780 and 900 ° C for structural steel) ensures the dissolution of carbon and the uniformity of its distribution in iron (austenitic structure).
- Heating is followed by quenching proper, that is to say more or less rapid cooling, depending on the metal and the type of part; this makes it possible to keep the molecular distribution of the hot stable state cold, by freezing the crystalline phases or configurations obtained.
- cooling is not desired to be too rapid.
- quenching is a meticulous operation which requires a lot of precautions. It is in particular advisable to use suitable quenching baths capable of varying the cooling rate within the desired limits in order to obtain the desired characteristics and, in particular, of slowing down the quenching so as to avoid curling and the like. disadvantages inherent in too rapid quenching.
- quenching media are very varied: for example, aqueous, oily, saline media, molten metals, air, gases, pulsed or not.
- polyalkylene glycols have been recommended for the constitution of aqueous quenching media, for example according to patent FR 1,384,244.
- the retarding agent is a water-soluble salt of a copolymer of long chain olefin and maleic, citraconic or itaconic anhydride.
- the glue obtained according to this patent has a very high viscosity which makes this product unsuitable for distribution and storage under industrial conditions.
- this already high viscosity increases over time.
- the dilution of such an adhesive for obtaining a quench bath is extremely difficult and leads to a phenomenon of syneresis.
- Baths based on native starch as exemplified in Polish patent n ⁇ 120,857 cannot therefore be used industrially; they do not make it possible to achieve the desired efficiency in terms of quenching and in any case only offer limited properties, which cannot be varied or modified according to the conditions chosen for quenching, the nature of the parts to be treated and / or the performances sought for the latter.
- the third stage of cooling by natural convection, may be too rapid.
- the transition between the nucleated boiling regime and the convection regime is generally located at a temperature level significantly lower than in oil quench baths.
- An efficient aqueous quenching bath should make it possible to obtain a fairly slow cooling rate at around 300 ° C.
- aqueous quenching baths meeting all the requirements of the technique and based on a starchy compound can be obtained as soon as the nature is selected of the starchy compound and / or the conditions for its dissolution so that no essential variation occurs for a period of time compatible with industrial exploitation.
- compositions for quenching bath according to the invention are therefore characterized in that they comprise at least one starchy compound and that they are stable over time.
- starchy compound within the meaning of the present invention, is meant any type of starch, whatever its origin, native or modified, as well as their mixtures.
- a native starch is used for the constitution of the aqueous compositions for the quench bath in accordance with the invention
- a natural or hybrid starch is used, originating in particular from maize, corn with a high amylopectin content. (waxy starch), corn with a high amylose content, wheat, peas, rice, potato, cassava, and it is dissolved in water under conditions such as its viscosity, once developed , no longer changes significantly over time. For this, special conditions are chosen for cooking, or for dissolving said native starch.
- compositions based on a native starchy compound this can be done in several ways.
- a waxy starch is used, that is to say comprising a higher amylopectin content. to that found in the corresponding natural starch.
- a modified starch a natural or hybrid starch, from any source, having undergone a chemical modification treatment, and / or a physical modification treatment, is used.
- chemical modification treatment is meant in particular the operations or reactions of oxidation, dextrinification, fluidification (acid or enzymatic), esterification, etherification and / or crosslinking.
- physical modification treatment means in particular the gelatinization operations on a drum, the extrusion cooking treatments, the treatments by microwaves and the ultrasound treatments.
- starchy compounds can be used resulting both from one or more modifications by physical means and from one or more modifications by chemical means, the modifications being able to be carried out simultaneously.
- aqueous concentrated compositions in accordance with the invention are obtained by using said starchy compounds in the presence of water.
- this implementation must be carried out under conditions suitable for leading to the obtaining of colloidal solutions.
- the action for example of the sodium hydroxide can be carried out with simple stirring making it possible to maintain a suitable homogeneity of the medium.
- any conventional mixer can be used.
- the starchy compounds are dissolved in water by the concomitant action of temperature and pressure. This type of operation is generally carried out on installations commonly known as JET COOKER.
- the solution undergoes during cooking very high shear rates due to both a high temperature and a pressure level characteristic of cooking in the vapor phase.
- colloidal solutions obtained by direct action of the steam will preferably be produced continuously, insofar as such a technique allows the use of steam at high pressure and thereby gelatinization of the starch at high temperature.
- the cooking of a starch in the presence for example of an oxidizing agent will allow, by the choice of the quantity of oxidizing agent used and the thermal conditions of the operation, the production of a col ⁇ starch mixture meeting the requirements of the intended application.
- the controlled oxidation of starchy material promotes the production of colloidal solution whose viscosity is stable over time, in particular with respect to shearing phenomena, and reduces the phenomena of syneresis.
- compositions and the baths in accordance with the invention must, in order to meet all the requirements of the technique, have a suitable viscosity and great stability, it will preferably be used, as has been said previously, to waxy starches insofar as the starchy compound retained will be one of the native starches previously described.
- viscosity and the stability will be those corresponding to the starchy compound chosen according to the nature of the quenching operation: surface or mass quenching.
- esterified starches such as acetylated starches
- etherified starches such as carboxymethylated, hydroxyalkylated and cationic starches, or mixtures thereof.
- Particular preference is given to cationic starches.
- the aminotertiary reagents or quaternary ammonium commonly used for the cationization of starches have a halide as counter-anion. This halide is most often chloride.
- starches modified by cationization generally have a residual chloride level.
- aqueous concentrated compositions in accordance with the invention have a starch content expressed in dry matter of between 1 and 50%, preferably between 2 and 45% and more preferably still between 5 and 30%.
- the aqueous compositions according to the invention preferably contain the additives conventionally used in aqueous quenching baths such as in particular anticorrosion agents, preservatives and defoamers.
- the quenching baths according to the invention contain 0.1% to 30% of starchy compound, preferably from 1% to 15%, more preferably still from 2 to 10%.
- They can be obtained by simple dilution of the aqueous composition according to the invention. They can be used in a range of temperatures from about 10 "C. to about 80 ° C. Higher temperatures, possible, have the drawback of excessive evaporation.
- the general appearance of the cooling curves obtained is characteristic of each of the physical or chemical modifications carried out and thus allows the adaptation of the treatments to the desired end goal, that is to say the choice of a curve. suitable cooling.
- the first test (I) we use a drastometer made up of a silver cylinder, of equal diameter at 8 mm and length equal to 24 mm.
- This silver sensor is brought to a temperature of 800 ⁇ C and then suddenly immersed in a quench bath of about 20 1 stirred by recir ⁇ culation using a pump whose flow can be adjusted. In this case, it was set for tests at 1000 l / h.
- the discharge of this pump is connected to a vertical tube located in the center of the quench tank.
- the silver sensor is immersed in the central tube, always full and permanently agitated thanks to the regular flow of the pump.
- the bath temperature is kept constant at 30 ⁇ C using thermostatic regulation.
- a drasticimeter consisting of a INCONEL 600 cylinder 12.5 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length, fitted at its center with a thermocouple. This INCONEL sensor is heated to 850 ⁇ C and then quenched in 2 liters of unstirred quench bath, maintained unless maintained at a temperature of 30 ⁇ C.
- a drasticity curve characteristic of the quenching fluids of the prior art is produced using a quenching bath consisting of an aqueous solution of polyalkylene glycol of the brand ILOQUENCH 500 AQUA. , marketed by the company CASTROL, and diluted with a dilution factor of 10%, the polymer concentration being therefore equal to 4.4%.
- a drasticity curve is also produced according to this same test (I) with mineral oil type 100 neutral, sold under the brand ILOQUENCH 43 by the company CASTROL.
- a corn starch milk is prepared by dispersing in water native waxy corn starch, consisting for at least 95% of amylopectin, in an amount of 429 g of commercial starch for one liter of water.
- the adhesive obtained On leaving the coil, the adhesive obtained is cooled by expansion in an atmospheric flash. In this way, a colloidal solution with 20.5% refractometric dry matter (MS) is obtained. Its viscosity is 16,000 cps at room temperature. The pH is 10.4.
- This colloidal solution is diluted to 3.8% DM to be subjected to the test (I).
- FIG. 2 (curves C3 and C4) clearly illustrates the advantages provided by the process which is the subject of said invention.
- transition zone between heat build up and nucleated boiling is higher in this case and reaches the value obtained with oil quench baths.
- the transition zone between nucleated boiling and convection is very markedly increased, while the cooling rate in the low temperature range is greatly reduced.
- the waxy corn starch is modified by carrying out a carboxymethylation reaction "in situ” by adding sodium monochloroacetate to the starch milk before it passes over the cooker.
- the characteristics of the cooker for obtaining a colloidal solution are identical to those expressed in Example 2 (cooking on "jet-cooker").
- Waxy corn starch milk is prepared in water at the rate of 429 g per liter of water. Sufficient amounts of caustic soda and sodium monochloroacetate are added to this starch milk as defined in table n ⁇ I.
- Figures 3a and 3b relate to this exemplary embodiment of the invention and show the advantage of such solutions obtained by carboxymethylation of the ami ⁇ donated waxy corn.
- Curves C5-C6 and C7-C8 correspond successively to colloidal carboxymethylated solutions with 2% and 4% of sodium monochloroacetate counted by weight relative to commercial corn starch.
- the colloidal solution is obtained according to the process described in Example 2 from a cationic commercial starch (brand HI-CAT 160, marketed by the company ROQUETTE FRERES).
- a cationic potato starch milk is first prepared at the rate of 467 g of HI-CAT 160 brand starch per liter of water.
- a quantity of sodium hydroxide equivalent to 2% of sodium hydroxide is added to this preparation relative to the commercial starch.
- the refractometric dry matter of the solution obtained is equal to 18%.
- the viscosity is 8900 cps at room temperature.
- the pH is equal to 11.
- Curves C9 and C10 shown in FIG. 4 show that the cationic starch prepared according to the method described in this example meets the requirements of the technique.
- the boiling range is in fact shifted towards high temperatures, and the cooling rate in the low temperature range is reduced.
- a waxy cationic corn starch milk is prepared, sold under the brand HI-CAT 260 by the Company ROQUETTE FRERES, at a rate of 429 g of commercial starch for one liter of water.
- a quantity of sodium hydroxide equivalent to 2% of dry sodium hydroxide relative to the commercial starch is added to this preparation.
- a colloidal solution is obtained whose refractometric DM is equal to 18.7%. Its viscosity is 5600 cps at room temperature. The pH is 10.9.
- This colloidal solution is diluted to 3.8% DM to be tested on the drasticimeter, according to the test
- the Cil-Cl2 curves shown in Figure 5 represent the change in temperature during the cooling of the sensor immersed in this solution according to the invention. There is in particular an improvement in the shape of the curve in low temperature zones which makes this solution very perfor ⁇ mant vis-à-vis the solutions of the prior art.
- a cationic starch with the same characteristics as HI-CAT 260 mentioned in example 5 is used, but on which the chloride content has been greatly reduced using the ion permutation process as described in the application.
- This ion permutation process makes it possible to obtain cationic starches which are particularly suitable for quenching processes in the aqueous phase, for which a too high chloride content may have drawbacks due to the corrosive action of these anions.
- a colloidal solution of this cationic starch of HI-CAT 260 type, previously permuted, is therefore prepared, with a chloride content of approximately 100 ppm on dry matter, by cooking on a "jet-cooker".
- This concentrated composition has a viscosity which is perfectly stable over time, no change being observed after three months of storage at 20 ° C.
- This concentrated composition adjuvanted by conventional additives and in particular by an anti-corrosion agent, is diluted in distilled water according to three different dilution factors: 10, 15 and 20%, corresponding respectively to dry matter rates 2.34%, 3.51% and 4.68%.
- the quenching baths obtained are then subjected to the second drasticity test (II), using the INCONEL sensor.
- Figure 6 shows the curves obtained. Curves C13 and C14, curves C15 and C16, and curves Cl7 and Cl8 respectively represent the curves recorded with the dilutions of 10, 15% and 20%.
- This table shows the immersion times (in seconds) to cool the test piece from 850 ° C to 600C °, from 850 ⁇ C to 400 ⁇ C and from 850 ° C to 200 ⁇ C, the cooling rate maximum smoothing in ⁇ C per second, the temperature corresponding to the maximum speed, as well as the cooling rate at 300 ⁇ C in ⁇ C per second.
- the cooling rate at 300 ° C. is significantly slower than for polyalkylene glycols and closer to that of a mineral oil
- the maximum cooling rates can be located, depending on the concentration and bath temperature conditions selected, at temperatures higher than those of polyalkylè ⁇ glycols, which is favorable to avoid incomplete martensitic transformations.
- Table II also groups together the results obtained using the same concentrated composition based on cationic starch with low chloride content, for dilution factors of 7%, 10% and 15% corresponding to dry matter contents. 1.64%, 2.34% and 3.51% respectively, and at two different temperatures: 40 ° and 50 °.
- FIG. 7 shows the curves Cl9 and C20 obtained at the temperature of 30 ° C, the curves C21 and C22 obtained at the temperature of 40 ⁇ C, and the curves C23 and C24 obtained at the temperature of 50 ° C, the dilution factor being 10%, which corresponds to a DM rate of 2.34%.
- the quenching temperature was 30 ° C for aqueous quenching, and 40 ° C for the oil bath.
- FIG. 8 presents the drasticity curves recorded, the curves C25 and C26 being obtained with the quenching bath in accordance with the invention, the curves C27 and C28 being obtained with the polyalkylene glycol, and the curves C29 and C30 being obtained with the bath oil quenching.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9016344 | 1990-12-27 | ||
FR9016344A FR2671103B1 (fr) | 1990-12-27 | 1990-12-27 | Composition, bain et procede de trempe des metaux. |
PCT/FR1991/001059 WO1992012267A1 (fr) | 1990-12-27 | 1991-12-23 | Composition, bain et procede de trempe des metaux |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0564549A1 true EP0564549A1 (fr) | 1993-10-13 |
EP0564549B1 EP0564549B1 (fr) | 1996-04-24 |
Family
ID=9403726
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92902787A Expired - Lifetime EP0564549B1 (fr) | 1990-12-27 | 1991-12-23 | UTILISATION D'UNE SOLUTION COLLOiDALE D'AMIDON POUR LA FABRICATION DE BAINS DE TREMPE DES METAUX |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0564549B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06504813A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR0167364B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE137271T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69119094D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2671103B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992012267A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR892357A (fr) * | 1942-11-27 | 1944-04-05 | Le Faisceau Metallurg | Nouveaux procédé et produit pour la trempe des aciers et alliages quelconques |
FR1167785A (fr) * | 1956-11-13 | 1958-11-28 | Procédé pour la trempe des métaux | |
US4021260A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-05-03 | Nalco Chemical Company | Starch viscosity control agent using an ethoxylated fatty alcohol |
FR2434821A1 (fr) * | 1978-08-31 | 1980-03-28 | Roquette Freres | Procede de cationisation de l'amidon, nouveaux amidons cationises ainsi obtenus et leurs applications |
FR2530668B1 (fr) * | 1982-07-23 | 1987-05-07 | Roquette Freres | Application d'un hydrolysat d'amidon hydrogene a la trempe des metaux |
-
1990
- 1990-12-27 FR FR9016344A patent/FR2671103B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-12-23 EP EP92902787A patent/EP0564549B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-23 DE DE69119094T patent/DE69119094D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-23 AT AT92902787T patent/ATE137271T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-23 WO PCT/FR1991/001059 patent/WO1992012267A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1991-12-23 KR KR1019930701964A patent/KR0167364B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-23 JP JP4502912A patent/JPH06504813A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9212267A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69119094D1 (de) | 1996-05-30 |
JPH06504813A (ja) | 1994-06-02 |
FR2671103A1 (fr) | 1992-07-03 |
ATE137271T1 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
KR930703471A (ko) | 1993-11-30 |
EP0564549B1 (fr) | 1996-04-24 |
KR0167364B1 (ko) | 1999-01-15 |
FR2671103B1 (fr) | 1994-05-13 |
WO1992012267A1 (fr) | 1992-07-23 |
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