EP0559253B1 - Verfahren zum Entfernen von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen und Wirbelschichtreaktor hierzu - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Entfernen von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen und Wirbelschichtreaktor hierzu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0559253B1
EP0559253B1 EP93200322A EP93200322A EP0559253B1 EP 0559253 B1 EP0559253 B1 EP 0559253B1 EP 93200322 A EP93200322 A EP 93200322A EP 93200322 A EP93200322 A EP 93200322A EP 0559253 B1 EP0559253 B1 EP 0559253B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
exhaust gas
gas
tube
bed reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93200322A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0559253A3 (en
EP0559253A2 (de
Inventor
Bernd Thöne
Gerhard Schmidt
Erhard Dr. Herrmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0559253A2 publication Critical patent/EP0559253A2/de
Publication of EP0559253A3 publication Critical patent/EP0559253A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0559253B1 publication Critical patent/EP0559253B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
    • B01D53/12—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents according to the "fluidised technique"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/60—Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing pollutants and dust from a combustion exhaust gas, in which case the exhaust gas is mixed with at least one absorbent and, at temperatures in the range from about 40 to 500 ° C., first passed through a venturi neck and then upwards through a fluidized bed reactor and a dedusting device , Part of the solids deposited in the dedusting device is returned to the fluidized bed reactor, at least some of the solids to be returned to the fluidized bed reactor is blown upwards into the lower region of the reactor with a conveying gas through a pipe arranged centrally in the venturi neck.
  • the invention also includes a fluidized bed reactor for carrying out the process.
  • a method of this type but without the central tube in the venturi neck is described in European patent 0 228 111 and also in DE-A-3 701 527.
  • the exhaust gas is mixed with calcium-containing absorbent in order to bind sulfur oxides.
  • DE-A-3 701 527 according to distributes NH3 and a denitrification catalyst, which contains, inter alia, FeSO4 on a support, in the exhaust gas in order to reduce NO x .
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset is also known from EP-A-0 463 957, but one does not work with a fluidized bed reactor, but with a pneumatic conveying path.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the known procedures and above all to ensure a good distribution of the solids returned to the fluidized bed reactor.
  • this is done according to the invention in that at least part of the combustion exhaust gas is introduced into the reactor in an upward flow through an annular space surrounding the tube and open to the fluidized bed region, a displacer body being arranged between the tube and the annular space Distance between the tube and the annulus increased.
  • the displacement body increases the inner diameter of the annular space, so that the area near the inner wall of the fluidized bed reactor is also intensively coated with combustion exhaust gas.
  • the conveying gas ensures that the solids enter the fluidized bed in the desired area and are caught by the combustion gas and distributed as evenly as possible. The chemical reactions to reduce nitrogen oxides are accelerated.
  • conveying gas e.g. Inert gas or air
  • combustion exhaust gas e.g., oxide-semiconductor
  • Desulfurizing agents and / or denitrifying agents can be supplied to the fluidized bed reactor as absorbents.
  • Desulfurizing agents are, for example, NaOH or calcium-containing fine-grained substances such as Ca (OH) 2 or CaO.
  • Ca (OH) 2 or CaO For denitrification you can use, for example, NH3 with a granular catalyst such as iron sulfate.
  • the invention also includes a fluidized bed reactor for carrying out the method as defined in the second independent claim.
  • the combustion exhaust gas e.g. comes from a combustion plant fired with coal, gas or heating oil, is introduced in line (1) according to FIG. 1.
  • the exhaust gas which can already be partially cooled, has temperatures in the range from 40 to 600 ° C. and preferably at most 500 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas is divided into a main stream and a residual stream, the main stream being fed through a line (2) to a fluidized bed reactor (5) with a control element (3).
  • the division into a main stream (line (2)) and a residual stream (line (8)) is usually in a ratio of 10: 1 to 100: 1.
  • a denitrification catalyst which is preferably added to the exhaust gas in powder form, iron sulfate, for example, is used in a known manner.
  • the part of the combustion exhaust gas branched off in the line (8) is, if necessary, first passed through a separator (9) for rough dedusting, which can be, for example, a cyclone or a fabric filter.
  • the gas then passes through line (10) and the open flap (11) with the shut-off element (12) closed to a blower (13) which presses the gas through line (14) into a pipe (15).
  • the separator (9) serves to protect the blower (13) from excessive stress caused by coarse dust particles.
  • the exhaust gas of the line (14) is added through the line (16) fine-grained solids, which are blown into the reactor (5) by the exhaust gas serving as the conveying gas.
  • the solids of line (16) are passed through line (27) fine-grain desulfurization agent, e.g. Ca (OH) 2 or CaO, if you want to remove sulfur dioxide from the exhaust gas.
  • the vertical tube (15) is located centrally in the lower region of the fluidized bed reactor (5). It is surrounded by a displacement body (30), an inlet chamber (18) and an annular space (19). The displacer increases the distance between the tube (15) and the annular space (19).
  • the exhaust gas brought in through the line (2) enters the chamber (18) and then flows upward around the displacer (30) through the narrowed annular space (19) into the expanded area of the fluidized bed reactor (5). Solids and conveying gas enter the reactor from the mouth (15a) of the tube (15). If you want to desulfurize at temperatures below 100 ° C, it is advisable to inject water through line (4) into the reactor (5).
  • Another gas e.g. use dust-free exhaust gas or air.
  • This gas is passed through line (17) and the open shut-off device (12) to the blower (13), the flap (11) being closed.
  • the exhaust gas from line (1) is passed completely through line (2) into the reactor (5).
  • the waste gas containing solids leaves the reactor (5) through the channel (20) and arrives at a dedusting device (21), e.g. an electrostatic filter. It is also possible to use e.g. to use a bag filter. Treated exhaust gas is drawn in by a fan (22) from the dedusting device (21) and discharged through the chimney (23)).
  • a dedusting device e.g. an electrostatic filter. It is also possible to use e.g. to use a bag filter.
  • Treated exhaust gas is drawn in by a fan (22) from the dedusting device (21) and discharged through the chimney (23)).
  • the solids accumulating in the dedusting device (21) first reach a collecting line (25) and are partly led back through the line (16) to the reactor (5). Part of the solids is removed from the process through line (26).
  • a part of the solids can e.g. also insert through the dashed line (16a).
  • the favorable distribution of the solids is not changed or hardly changed.
  • the flue gas is treated in a system corresponding to the drawing without lines (8) and (16a).
  • the flue gas contains 0.6 g of solids per Nm3, especially fly ash.
  • the dedusting device (21) is an electrostatic filter with 5 fields, it achieves a degree of dedusting of 99.992%. 700,000 kg of solids are returned per hour through line (16), about 1.6% of the solids separated in the electrostatic filter are removed through line (26).
  • the flue gas which contains 1,000 mg NO x , 1,800 mg SO2 and 3 g dust per Nm3, is desulphurized, denitrified and dedusted.
  • the whole flue gas is passed at a temperature of 420 ° C through the line (2) in the reactor (5), as the conveying gas, air in an amount of 14 000 Nm3 / h through the lines (17) and (14) .
  • the lower area of the reactor is equipped with a displacement body (30).
  • 0.3 g of iron sulfate, 0.31 mg of NH3 and 3.4 g of Ca (OH) 2 are added per Nm3 of flue gas.
  • the cleaned flue gas in line (23) contains 100 mg NOx , 120 mg SO2 and 30 mg dust per Nm3.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP93200322A 1992-03-03 1993-02-05 Verfahren zum Entfernen von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen und Wirbelschichtreaktor hierzu Expired - Lifetime EP0559253B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4206602A DE4206602C2 (de) 1992-03-03 1992-03-03 Verfahren zum Entfernen von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen und Wirbelschichtreaktor hierzu
DE4206602 1992-03-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0559253A2 EP0559253A2 (de) 1993-09-08
EP0559253A3 EP0559253A3 (en) 1993-11-24
EP0559253B1 true EP0559253B1 (de) 1995-09-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93200322A Expired - Lifetime EP0559253B1 (de) 1992-03-03 1993-02-05 Verfahren zum Entfernen von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen und Wirbelschichtreaktor hierzu

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5382418A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0559253B1 (enExample)
AT (1) ATE128041T1 (enExample)
CZ (1) CZ26893A3 (enExample)
DE (2) DE4206602C2 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2079235T3 (enExample)
SK (1) SK14693A3 (enExample)

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JPH08182918A (ja) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-16 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 微粉炭素による流動層脱硝方法及び装置
CA2248679A1 (en) * 1996-03-11 1997-09-18 Niels Thulstrup A method for removing nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and other acid gases from a gas stream
US5834526A (en) * 1997-07-11 1998-11-10 Wu; Huey S. Expandable hollow particles
DE29807889U1 (de) * 1998-05-02 1998-07-30 ROB Ing. Rudolf Ohlmann Techn.Beratung & Vermittlung, 91459 Markt Erlbach Einrichtung zum Einbringen eines Adsorptionsmittels in ein Abgas
ES2172367B1 (es) * 1999-04-07 2003-10-16 Kemestrie Inc Aparato de filtracion de lecho granular movil para el acondicionado de gases calientes
DE10260738A1 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Förderung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen
DE10260739B3 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-09-16 Outokumpu Oy Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Metalloxid aus Metallverbindungen
DE10260734B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2005-05-04 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Schwelkoks
DE10260731B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2005-04-14 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von eisenoxidhaltigen Feststoffen
DE10260745A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-01 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von körnigen Feststoffen
DE10260740B4 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-12-30 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Entfernung von gasförmigen Schadstoffen aus Abgasen
DE10260733B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2010-08-12 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von eisenoxidhaltigen Feststoffen
DE10260737B4 (de) 2002-12-23 2005-06-30 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von titanhaltigen Feststoffen
DE10260741A1 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-07-08 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von feinkörnigen Feststoffen
EP1537905B1 (de) * 2003-11-19 2007-04-11 Austrian Energy & Environment AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sorption von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen mittels einer fluidisierenden Wirbelschicht
DE102004042430A1 (de) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-16 Outokumpu Oyj Wirbelschichtreaktor zum thermischen Behandeln von wirbelfähigen Substanzen in einem mikrowellenbeheizten Wirbelbett
US10208951B2 (en) * 2007-09-13 2019-02-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Spray dryer absorber and related processes
US9192889B2 (en) * 2007-09-13 2015-11-24 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Bottom ash injection for enhancing spray dryer absorber performance
EP2181753B1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2011-12-21 Alstom Technology Ltd A method and a device for verifying and controlling the removal of hydrogen fluoride from a process gas
CN102233232A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2011-11-09 清华大学 一种中温烟气脱硝反应器及其脱硝的方法
US8883082B1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2014-11-11 Babcock Power Development LLC Gas distributors for circulating fluidized bed reactors
US9533257B2 (en) * 2014-01-31 2017-01-03 Amec Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method of and a scrubber for removing pollutant compounds from a gas stream
CN105032163A (zh) 2015-07-02 2015-11-11 黄立维 一种从气流中去除氮氧化物和二氧化硫的方法及其装置
CN108295653B (zh) * 2018-02-05 2023-08-15 山东大学 一种粉状活性焦流化床脱硫喷氨联合脱硝的系统及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE128041T1 (de) 1995-10-15
US5382418A (en) 1995-01-17
SK14693A3 (en) 1993-10-06
EP0559253A3 (en) 1993-11-24
DE59300606D1 (de) 1995-10-26
DE4206602C1 (enExample) 1993-06-24
CZ26893A3 (en) 1994-02-16
DE4206602C2 (de) 1995-10-26
ES2079235T3 (es) 1996-01-01
EP0559253A2 (de) 1993-09-08

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