EP0559065B1 - Fire detecting device - Google Patents

Fire detecting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0559065B1
EP0559065B1 EP93102856A EP93102856A EP0559065B1 EP 0559065 B1 EP0559065 B1 EP 0559065B1 EP 93102856 A EP93102856 A EP 93102856A EP 93102856 A EP93102856 A EP 93102856A EP 0559065 B1 EP0559065 B1 EP 0559065B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
air
funnel
exhaust air
measuring chamber
devices
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EP93102856A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0559065A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Werner Wagner
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Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH
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Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting fires in forced-ventilated devices or machines, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices, with an exhaust air funnel that takes a representative portion of the main cooling air flow at the air outlet of the device to be monitored and via an air line of a measuring chamber supplies, and with at least one detector for detecting a fire parameter, which is arranged in the measuring chamber in the air flow and is connected, for example, via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device.
  • Such a device is e.g. in DE-A-34 33 459.
  • Such devices are also known, for example, under the technical term "facility protection systems".
  • Typical areas of application for equipment protection systems are EDP systems and in particular individual components thereof as well as similar electronic devices such as measuring, control and regulating systems, switching devices and private branch exchanges, modem cabinets, CNC-controlled work machines and industrial robots, CAD / CAM systems or printers.
  • the electronic assemblies of such devices or machines have to be cooled due to their heat development, for example by ventilation, and depending on the type of ventilation generated, either ventilated devices are spoken of, in which the cooling air flow is generated by a fan in the device, or of naturally ventilated devices, in which, due to the special arrangement of the devices at the installation site, natural or artificial convection of the air in the room is used.
  • fire parameter is understood to mean physical parameters that can be measured in the vicinity of an incipient fire Changes are subject to changes, e.g. the ambient temperature, the solids or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke particles or aerosols - or steam) or the ambient radiation.
  • plastics such as PVC and polyethylene, for example as cable insulation, come into consideration as flammable materials, when they are burned, hydrogen chloride gases are released which, in conjunction with water removed from the air, react to form hydrochloric acid. This sits as a fine mist on the devices or machines in the room and penetrates them through the room air. The result is corrosion processes, the renovation of which often results in the failure of a complete system.
  • the fire detection devices mentioned at the outset were developed which, using one (or more) exhaust air funnels, continuously tap cooling air samples from the skin cooling air stream directly at the air outlet of the device to be monitored and feed them to a measuring chamber via a relatively short air line, which, for example, on the one to be protected Device can be set up.
  • the tapping of the representative part of the main cooling air flow takes place mainly by a separate fan, which feeds the tapped air quantity through the air line to the detectors located in the measuring chamber.
  • the present invention addresses this problem, and its task was to shorten the detection time as well as to increase the reliability of the known fire detection devices.
  • This object is achieved in a known device for detecting fires in forced-ventilated devices, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices which have an exhaust air funnel which takes a representative portion of the main cooling air flow at the air outlet of the device to be monitored and via an air line of a measuring chamber supplies and has at least one detector for detecting a fire parameter, which is arranged in the measuring chamber in the air flow and is connected for example via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device, according to the invention solved in that the wall of the exhaust funnel over its circumference has distributed breakthroughs.
  • This fire detection device is based on the consideration of reducing in a controlled manner the cooling air build-up arising under the exhaust air funnels of the known devices and the associated turbulence, in that part of the tapped cooling air is discharged through the openings in the exhaust air funnel wall.
  • the exhaust air funnel according to the invention thus ensures by means of its breakthroughs that the cooling air impinging on the inner wall of the exhaust air funnel is not additionally whirled up or thrown back entirely, but that it is supplied to the air line in a largely laminar flow of cooling air without backflow. The result is an extremely reliable and fast-acting fire detection device.
  • the fan which is generally arranged in the measuring chamber, does not have to be dimensioned excessively large for sucking in the tapped amount of cooling air, which has the further disadvantages of higher energy consumption and greater noise development and would bring with it a larger dimensioned measuring chamber.
  • the fan located in the measuring chamber then essentially only has the function of sucking the quantity of cooling air in the air line into the measuring chamber against the frictional losses inside the air line.
  • the clear cross section of the openings in the wall of the exhaust air funnel can be changed.
  • the exhaust air funnel is essentially frustoconical and the openings are provided in the frustum of the cone.
  • the exhaust air funnel is essentially truncated pyramid-shaped and the openings are provided in the truncated pyramid.
  • these two preferred designs of the exhaust air funnel can be supplemented by a large number of further alternatives. Since the shape of the exhaust air funnel optimizes the flow conditions within the exhaust air funnel, but also in the area between the air outlet of the device to be monitored and the exhaust air funnel, stand in the foreground, the selection of several aerodynamic shapes can essentially depend on the geometric arrangement of the air outlet. In this respect, for example, a truncated pyramid-shaped exhaust funnel is more likely to be used in the case of fairly narrow air outlets, while the shape of the truncated cone will be preferred in the case of large-area air outlets.
  • the clear cross section of the openings in the truncated cone jacket can be adjusted by means of a ring which is mounted centrally on the exhaust air funnel.
  • the ring can have, for example, star-shaped cover sections in the cross section, which cover the openings completely or partially when the ring is set accordingly.
  • that ring with the cover sections can also be stationary, while the exhaust air funnel itself can be rotatable relative to that ring in order to change the clear cross section of the openings.
  • the essence of this development is the rotatability of the openings against the cover sections or vice versa, in order to change the clear cross section of the openings.
  • a further development of the fire detection device according to the invention relates both to the optimal tapping of the partial quantity from the main cooling air flow and to flexible handling of the entire fire detection device at the place of use.
  • the air line between the measuring chamber and the exhaust air funnel consists of a flexible hose and attaches to the top surface of the truncated cone or truncated pyramid.
  • the exhaust air funnel is attached directly to the air outlet of the device to be monitored, the main cooling air flow is partially returned to the device to be monitored, it is preferably provided that the exhaust air funnel is attached at a distance from the air outlet of the device to be monitored by means of spacers.
  • the exhaust air funnel 1 shows an exhaust air funnel 1 as it is used in a device for detecting fires in forced-ventilation devices or machines, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices.
  • the exhaust air funnel 1 is attached to the air outlet (not shown here) of a device to be monitored at a distance from the air outlet, so that a representative subset is removed from the main cooling air flow of the device to be monitored by means of the air outlet funnel.
  • This amount of air - also air sample - is fed via a flexible hose 6 to a measuring chamber (also not shown here), which is equipped in a manner known per se with at least one detector for detecting a fire parameter.
  • the detector can either be a smoke detector, a gas detector or else a heat detector, with smoke detectors preferably being used.
  • the exhaust air funnel 1 is essentially frustoconical and has a number of openings 3 in its wall 2, ie in the truncated cone, distributed over its circumference.
  • the clear cross section of those openings 3 is by twisting one Ring 4 changeable, whereby the lid portions 10 attached to the ring 4 slide over the openings 3 and cover them, or release the openings 3.
  • the ring 4 is rotated by an adjusting ring 9.
  • the mechanics of rotating the cover sections 10 against one another against the openings 3 can, of course, also be achieved in that the ring 4 with the cover sections 10 is designed to be stationary, while the jacket region of the exhaust air funnel carrying the openings 3 1 can be rotated by means of the adjusting ring 9.
  • the state shown in FIG. 1 shows a slight opening of the openings 3, so that a certain proportion of the amount of cooling air entering the exhaust air funnel 1 in the direction of arrow 13 is discharged to avoid an air backflow.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the exhaust air funnel according to FIG. 1, the ring 4 with the cover sections 10 being shown in the form of a section through the truncated cone jacket.
  • a scale 8 is provided, the division of which in cooperation with an indicator tongue 11 can give an indication of the setting at different flow rates of the main cooling air flow of the device to be monitored. A division of the scale 8 into m / sec is recommended for this.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of an exhaust funnel 1, which is substantially truncated pyramid-shaped.
  • the flexible hose 6 attaches to the top surface 7 of the truncated pyramid.
  • the basic shape of the pyramid chosen here is a rectangle, and an opening 3 is provided in each of the two narrower lateral surfaces of the truncated pyramid, the clear cross section of which can be changed by means of a flap 12.
  • Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of an exhaust funnel 1 with the same shape as in the previous embodiment. Here, however, are narrower in the two
  • the lateral surfaces of the truncated pyramid provide several smaller openings 3, the density of which increases in the direction of the top surface 7.
  • the openings 3 in this exemplary embodiment of an exhaust funnel 1 are not variable in their clear cross section.
  • FIG. 5 shows the first exemplary embodiment of the exhaust air funnel 1 at the air outlet 15 of an equipment cabinet 14.
  • the representative part air volume tapped by the exhaust air funnel 1 from the main cooling air flow of the equipment cabinet 14 to be monitored is fed via the flexible hose 6 to the measuring chamber 5 of the fire detection device.
  • the detectors not shown
  • a reaction in the form of an alarm or the like is triggered by the electronic circuit connected to the detectors.

Abstract

A device for detecting fires in forcibly ventilated devices or machines (14) is disclosed, which device has an outlet air funnel (1) which removes a representative partial amount from the main stream of cooling air at the air outlet (15) of the device (14) to be monitored and feeds the said amount via an air line (6) to a measuring chamber (5), and which device has at least one detector for detecting a fire characteristic variable, which detector is arranged in the measuring chamber (5) in the air stream and is connected for example by means of an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and/or switch-off device. In order to shorten the detection time in forcibly ventilated devices or machines, for example EDP devices or similar electronic devices as well as to increase the reliability of fire detection, there is provision according to the invention for the wall (2) of the outlet air funnel (1) to have openings (3) distributed over its circumference. By means of the outlet air funnel (1) which is designed in this way, eddies and back-pressure of the air within the outlet air funnel (1) are avoided and it is ensured that the partial amount of air which is tapped off from the main stream of cooling air is fed to the hose (6) as an air stream which is as far as possible laminar. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Bränden in zwangsbelüfteten Geräten oder Maschinen, bspw. in EDV-Geräten und ähnlichen elektronischen Einrichtungen, mit einem Ablufttrichter, der an dem Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes dem Hauptkühlluftstrom eine repräsentative Teilmenge entnimmt und über eine Luftleitung einer Meßkammer zuführt, und mit wenigstens einem Detektor zur Erfassung einer Brandkenngröße, der in der Meßkammer im Luftstrom angeordnet und beispielsweise über einen elektronischen Schaltkreis mit einer Warn-, Lösch- und/oder Abschalteinrichtung verbunden ist.The invention relates to a device for detecting fires in forced-ventilated devices or machines, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices, with an exhaust air funnel that takes a representative portion of the main cooling air flow at the air outlet of the device to be monitored and via an air line of a measuring chamber supplies, and with at least one detector for detecting a fire parameter, which is arranged in the measuring chamber in the air flow and is connected, for example, via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device.

Eine solche Vorrichtung ist z.b. in DE-A-34 33 459 geoffenbart.Such a device is e.g. in DE-A-34 33 459.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind beispielsweise auch unter dem Fachbegriff "Einrichtungsschutzanlagen" bekannt. Typische Anwendungsbereiche für Einrichtungsschutzanlagen sind EDV-Anlagen und insbesondere einzelne Komponenten davon sowie ähnliche elektronische Einrichtungen, wie beispielsweise Meß-, Steuer- und Regelanlagen, Vermittlungseinrichtungen und Nebenstellenanlagen, Modemschränke, CNC-gesteuerte Arbeitsmaschinen und Industrieroboter, CAD/CAM-Systeme oder auch Drucker. Es ist bekannt, daß die elektronischen Baugruppen solcher Geräte bzw. Maschinen aufgrund ihrer Wärmeentwicklung beispielsweise durch Belüftung gekühlt werden müssen, wobei je nach Art der Erzeugung der Belüftung entweder von zwangsbelüfteten Geräten gesprochen wird, bei denen der Kühlluftstrom durch einen Ventilator im Gerät erzeugt wird, oder aber von natürlich belüfteten Geräten, bei denen durch besondere Anordnung der Geräte am Aufstellungsort eine natürliche oder künstlich durch Klimageräte erzeugte Konvektion der Raumluft genutzt wird.Such devices are also known, for example, under the technical term "facility protection systems". Typical areas of application for equipment protection systems are EDP systems and in particular individual components thereof as well as similar electronic devices such as measuring, control and regulating systems, switching devices and private branch exchanges, modem cabinets, CNC-controlled work machines and industrial robots, CAD / CAM systems or printers. It is known that the electronic assemblies of such devices or machines have to be cooled due to their heat development, for example by ventilation, and depending on the type of ventilation generated, either ventilated devices are spoken of, in which the cooling air flow is generated by a fan in the device, or of naturally ventilated devices, in which, due to the special arrangement of the devices at the installation site, natural or artificial convection of the air in the room is used.

Unter dem Begriff "Brandkenngröße" werden physikalische Größen verstanden, die in der Umgebung eines Entstehungsbrandes meßbaren Veränderungen unterliegen, z.B. die Umgebungstemperatur, der Feststoff- oder Flüssigkeits- oder Gasanteil in der Umgebungsluft (Bildung von Rauch-Partikeln oder Aerosole - oder Dampf) oder die Umgebungsstrahlung.The term "fire parameter" is understood to mean physical parameters that can be measured in the vicinity of an incipient fire Changes are subject to changes, e.g. the ambient temperature, the solids or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke particles or aerosols - or steam) or the ambient radiation.

Die Bedeutung von Branderkennungsvorrichtungen bzw. kurz: Einrichtungsschutzanlagen nimmt parallel mit der stark zunehmenden Abhängigkeit von der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung oder von elektronisch gesteuerten Fertigungsprozessen in Unternehmen jeglicher Art ständig zu. Während Brandschutzmaßnahmen noch vor wenigen Jahren auf das Erhalten der Gebäude selbst zugeschnitten waren, bedarf es heutzutage einer möglichst frühen und zuverlässigen Branderkennung direkt an den Geräten oder Maschinen, um einen Brand bereits in der Entstehungsphase zu erkennen. Eine möglichst kurze Zeitspanne zwischen dem Zeitpunkt der Brandentstehung und dem Zeitpunkt der Branderkennung sowie den entsprechenden Maßnahmen ist bei den eingangs beispielsweise genannten elektronischen Einrichtungen insbesondere deshalb von größter Wichtigkeit, weil bei derartigen Einrichtungen nicht der Primärschaden an dem betroffenen Gerät das ausschlaggebende ist, sondern vielmehr der Sekundärschaden durch eine starke Verqualmung des betroffenen Raumes. Als Brandgut kommen nämlich vor allem Kunststoffe wie PVC und Polyäthylen, beispielsweise als Kabelisolierungen, infrage, bei deren Verbrennung Chlorwasserstoffgase frei werden, welche in Verbindung mit der Luftfeuchte entnommenem Wasser zu Salzsäure reagieren. Diese setzt sich als feinster Nebel auf die in dem Raum befindlichen Geräte oder Maschinen und dringt über die Raumluft auch in diese ein. Die Folge sind Korrosionsprozesse, deren Sanierung häufig den Ausfall einer kompletten Anlage zur Folge haben.The importance of fire detection devices, or in short: facility protection systems are constantly increasing in parallel with the rapidly increasing dependence on electronic data processing or electronically controlled manufacturing processes in companies of any kind. While fire protection measures were tailored just a few years ago to preserving the building itself, today it is necessary to identify the fire as early and reliably as possible directly on the devices or machines in order to detect a fire as early as the development phase. The shortest possible time between the time of fire and the time of fire detection as well as the corresponding measures is of the greatest importance for the electronic devices mentioned at the beginning, in particular because in such devices it is not the primary damage to the device concerned that is decisive, but rather the decisive factor Secondary damage due to a strong smoke in the affected room. In particular, plastics such as PVC and polyethylene, for example as cable insulation, come into consideration as flammable materials, when they are burned, hydrogen chloride gases are released which, in conjunction with water removed from the air, react to form hydrochloric acid. This sits as a fine mist on the devices or machines in the room and penetrates them through the room air. The result is corrosion processes, the renovation of which often results in the failure of a complete system.

Das Problem bei der Früherkennung von Bränden in belüfteten Geräten oder Maschinen oder allgemein in den Räumen, in denen derartige Geräte aufgestellt sind, liegt in der durch die Belüftung der Geräte bzw. des Raumes erzeugten Luftzirkulation, welche mit dem Ziel einer möglichst guten Kühlung gewollt ist. In klimatisierten Räumen, wie beispielsweise in Rechenzentren, erreichen die überwiegend von unten nach oben gerichteten Luftströmungen die Decke des Raums gar nicht, so daß die dort häufig anzutreffenden bekannten Punktmelder einen in der Luftströmung enthaltenen Rauch nur sehr spät detektieren können. Ein weiterer Punkt ist der, daß sich die Hauptkühlluftströmung beispielsweise in einem modular aufgebauten Gerät dadurch ändern kann, daß das Gerät zunächst mit weniger Einschüben benutzt und im nachhinein durch Hinzunahme weiterer Einschübe die Kühlluftverteilung erheblich geändert wird. Eine Folge davon ist, daß die Platzierung der herkömmlichen Punktmelder im nachhinein häufig nicht mehr richtig ist.The problem with the early detection of fires in ventilated devices or machines or in general in the rooms in which such devices are installed is the air circulation generated by the ventilation of the devices or the room, which is intended with the aim of the best possible cooling . In air-conditioned rooms, such as in data centers, the predominantly bottom-up air currents do not reach the ceiling of the room, so that they are common there known point detectors encountered can detect a smoke contained in the air flow only very late. Another point is that the main cooling air flow can change, for example in a modular device, in that the device is initially used with fewer inserts and the cooling air distribution is subsequently changed considerably by adding additional inserts. One consequence of this is that the placement of conventional point detectors is often not correct afterwards.

In Erkenntnis dieser Tatsache wurden die eingangs genannten Branderkennungsvorrichtungen entwickelt, die mittels eines (oder auch mehrerer) Ablufttrichter direkt an dem Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes ständig Kühlluftproben aus dem Hautkühlluftstrom abgreifen und über eine verhältnismäßig kurze Luftleitung einer Meßkammer zuführen, die beispielsweise auf dem zu schützenden Gerät aufgestellt sein kann. Der Abgriff der repräsentativen Teilmenge aus dem Hauptkühlluftstrom erfolgt hierbei überwiegend durch einen eigenen Ventilator, welcher die abgegriffene Luftmenge durch die Luftleitung den in der Meßkammer befindlichen Detektoren zuführt.In recognition of this fact, the fire detection devices mentioned at the outset were developed which, using one (or more) exhaust air funnels, continuously tap cooling air samples from the skin cooling air stream directly at the air outlet of the device to be monitored and feed them to a measuring chamber via a relatively short air line, which, for example, on the one to be protected Device can be set up. The tapping of the representative part of the main cooling air flow takes place mainly by a separate fan, which feeds the tapped air quantity through the air line to the detectors located in the measuring chamber.

Das Problem bei diesen bekannten Branderkennungsvorrichtungen besteht darin, daß aufgrund der sich ständig wandelnden Gerätetechnologie die Luftstrommassen und auch die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten ständig zunehmen, wodurch es immer schwieriger wird, aus dem Hauptkühlluftstrom des zwangsbelüfteten Gerätes eine Teilmenge abzugreifen und unter guten Meßbedingungen eine zuverlässige Erkennung einer Brandkenngröße, insbesondere der Brandkenngröße "Feststoff- bzw. Flüssigkeitsanteile in der Luft" zu ermöglichen. Häufig ist es nämlich so, daß unter den Ablufttrichtern ein derartiger Staudruck und derart starke Verwirbelungen der abgegriffenen Kühlluft entstehen, daß der der Meßkammer über die Luftleitung zugeführte Luftanteil zu gering ist, und somit eine Erkennung der Brandkenngrößen entweder unmöglich wird oder aber zu lang dauern würde.The problem with these known fire detection devices is that, due to the constantly changing device technology, the air flow masses and also the flow velocities are constantly increasing, which makes it increasingly difficult to tap a partial quantity from the main cooling air flow of the forced-ventilation device and, under good measuring conditions, reliable detection of a fire parameter, in particular to enable the fire parameter "solids or liquid components in the air". It is often the case that such a dynamic pressure and such strong turbulence of the tapped cooling air arise under the exhaust air funnels that the proportion of air supplied to the measuring chamber via the air line is too low, so that detection of the fire parameters is either impossible or would take too long .

An diesem Problem setzt die vorliegende Erfindung an, als deren Aufgabenstellung es angesehen wurde, die Detektionszeit zu verkürzen sowie die Zuverlässigkeit der bekannten Branderkennungsvorrichtungen zu steigern.The present invention addresses this problem, and its task was to shorten the detection time as well as to increase the reliability of the known fire detection devices.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer bekannten Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Bränden in zwangsbelüfteten Geräten, beispielsweise in EDV-Geräten und ähnlichen elektronischen Einrichtungen, welche einen Ablufttrichter aufweisen, der an dem Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes dem Hauptkühlluftstrom eine repräsentative Teilmenge entnimmt und über eine Luftleitung einer Meßkammer zuführt und wenigstens einen Detektor zur Erfassung einer Brandkenngröße aufweist, der in der Meßkammer im Luftstrom angeordnet und beispielsweise über einen elektronischen Schaltkreis mit einer Warn-, Lösch- und/oder Abschalteinrichtung verbunden ist, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Wand des Ablufttrichters über dessen Umfang verteilte Durchbrüche aufweist.This object is achieved in a known device for detecting fires in forced-ventilated devices, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices which have an exhaust air funnel which takes a representative portion of the main cooling air flow at the air outlet of the device to be monitored and via an air line of a measuring chamber supplies and has at least one detector for detecting a fire parameter, which is arranged in the measuring chamber in the air flow and is connected for example via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing and / or shutdown device, according to the invention solved in that the wall of the exhaust funnel over its circumference has distributed breakthroughs.

Dieser erfindungsgemäßen Branderkennungsvorrichtung liegt die Überlegung zugrunde, den unter den Ablufttrichtern der bekannten Vorrichtungen entstehenden Kühlluftstau und die damit verbundenen Verwirbelungen kontrolliert abzubauen, indem ein Teil der abgegriffenen Kühlluft durch die Durchbrüche in der Ablufttrichterwand abgelassen wird. Hierbei kann durch entsprechende Auswahl der Anzahl der Durchbrüche und deren Querschnitt eine Anpassung an die jeweilige Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kühlluftstroms des zu überwachenden Gerätes erfolgen. Der erfindungsgemäße Ablufttrichter sorgt somit mittels seiner Durchbrüche dafür, daß die auf die Innenwand des Ablufttrichters auftreffende Kühlluft dort nicht zusätzlich verwirbelt oder gänzlich zurückgeworfen wird, sondern daß sie in einer weitestgehend laminaren Kühlluftströmung ohne Rückstau der Luftleitung zugeführt wird. Das Ergebnis ist eine äußerst zuverlässige und rasch wirkende Branderkennungsvorrichtung.This fire detection device according to the invention is based on the consideration of reducing in a controlled manner the cooling air build-up arising under the exhaust air funnels of the known devices and the associated turbulence, in that part of the tapped cooling air is discharged through the openings in the exhaust air funnel wall. In this case, by appropriate selection of the number of openings and their cross-section, an adaptation to the respective flow rate of the cooling air flow of the device to be monitored can take place. The exhaust air funnel according to the invention thus ensures by means of its breakthroughs that the cooling air impinging on the inner wall of the exhaust air funnel is not additionally whirled up or thrown back entirely, but that it is supplied to the air line in a largely laminar flow of cooling air without backflow. The result is an extremely reliable and fast-acting fire detection device.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung liegt darin, daß der im allgemeinen in der Meßkammer angeordnete Ventilator zum Ansaugen der abgegriffenen Kühlluftmenge nicht übermäßig groß dimensioniert werden muß, was die weiteren Nachteile eines höheren Energieverbrauchs, einer größeren Geräuschentwicklung und einer größer dimensionierten Meßkammer mit sich bringen würde. Dadurch nämlich, daß die Strömungsverhältnisse zwischen Ablufttrichter und Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes, und insbesondere innerhalb des Ablufttrichters, durch Auswahl der Anzahl und Größe der Durchbrüche optimiert werden kann ist gewährleistet, daß auch eine optimale Menge des abgegriffenen Kühlluftstroms in die Luftleitung eingeleitet wird. Der in der Meßkammer befindliche Ventilator hat dann im wesentlichen nur noch die Funktion, die in der Luftleitung befindliche Kühlluftmenge gegen die Reibungsverluste im Inneren der Luftleitung in die Meßkammer anzusaugen.Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that the fan, which is generally arranged in the measuring chamber, does not have to be dimensioned excessively large for sucking in the tapped amount of cooling air, which has the further disadvantages of higher energy consumption and greater noise development and would bring with it a larger dimensioned measuring chamber. The fact that the flow conditions between the exhaust air funnel and the air outlet of the device to be monitored, and in particular within the exhaust air funnel, can be optimized by selecting the number and size of the openings ensures that an optimal amount of the tapped cooling air flow is also introduced into the air line. The fan located in the measuring chamber then essentially only has the function of sucking the quantity of cooling air in the air line into the measuring chamber against the frictional losses inside the air line.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Preferred developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

So ist zur weiteren Optimierung der Strömungsverhältnisse in dem Ablufttrichter und zur Anpassung an die Strömungsverhältnisse bei verschiedenen zu überwachenden Gerätetypen vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß der lichte Querschnitt der Durchbrüche in der Wand des Ablufttrichters veränderbar ist. Diese Weiterbildung der Erfindung berücksichtigt, daß die Menge des Hauptkühlluftstroms, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Staudruck des Kühlluftstroms von Gerät zu Gerät unterschiedlich sein können und sich insbesondere durch Veränderung der Anzahl der Einschübe in einem Gerät ändern können.For further optimization of the flow conditions in the exhaust air funnel and for adaptation to the flow conditions in the case of various device types to be monitored, it is preferably provided that the clear cross section of the openings in the wall of the exhaust air funnel can be changed. This development of the invention takes into account that the amount of the main cooling air flow, the flow rate and the dynamic pressure of the cooling air flow can vary from device to device and can change in particular by changing the number of inserts in a device.

Im Hinblick auf eine besonders strömungsgünstige Formgebung des Ablufttrichters sind zwei vorteilhafte Alternativen vorgesehen. Gemäß einer ersten Alternative ist der Ablufttrichter im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet und die Durchbrüche sind im Kegelstumpfmantel vorgesehen. Gemäß einer zweiten Alternative ist der Ablufttrichter im wesentlichen pyramidenstumpfförmig ausgebildet und die Durchbrüche sind im Pyramidenstumpfmantel vorgesehen. Diese beiden vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltungen des Ablufttrichters lassen sich jedoch durch eine Vielzahl weiterer Alternativen ergänzen. Da bei der Formgebung des Ablufttrichters die Optimierung der Strömungsverhältnisse innerhalb des Ablufttrichters, aber auch im Bereich zwischen dem Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes und dem Ablufttrichter, im Vordergrund stehen, kann sich die Auswahl von mehreren strömungsgünstigen Formen im wesentlichen nach der geometrischen Anordnung des Luftaustritts richten. Insofern kommt bspw. ein pyramidenstumpfförmiger Ablufttrichter eher bei recht schmalen Luftaustritten in Betracht, während bei großflächigen Luftaustritten der Kegelstumpfform der Vorzug zu geben sein wird.With regard to a particularly streamlined shape of the exhaust funnel, two advantageous alternatives are provided. According to a first alternative, the exhaust air funnel is essentially frustoconical and the openings are provided in the frustum of the cone. According to a second alternative, the exhaust air funnel is essentially truncated pyramid-shaped and the openings are provided in the truncated pyramid. However, these two preferred designs of the exhaust air funnel can be supplemented by a large number of further alternatives. Since the shape of the exhaust air funnel optimizes the flow conditions within the exhaust air funnel, but also in the area between the air outlet of the device to be monitored and the exhaust air funnel, stand in the foreground, the selection of several aerodynamic shapes can essentially depend on the geometric arrangement of the air outlet. In this respect, for example, a truncated pyramid-shaped exhaust funnel is more likely to be used in the case of fairly narrow air outlets, while the shape of the truncated cone will be preferred in the case of large-area air outlets.

Bei einem im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildeten Ablufttrichter ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß der lichte Querschnitt der Durchbrüche im Kegelstumpfmantel mittels eines zentrisch am Ablufttrichter gelagerten Ringes einstellbar ist. Hierzu kann der Ring beispielsweise im Querschnitt sternförmig nach innen gerichtete Deckelabschnitte besitzen, die bei entsprechender Einstellung des Ringes die Durchbrüche ganz oder teilweise abdecken. Selbstverständlich kann zur Erreichung der gleichen Wirkung auch jener Ring mit den Deckelabschnitten stationär sein, während der Ablufttrichter selbst gegenüber jenem Ring drehbar sein kann, um den lichten Querschnitt der Durchbrüche zu verändern. Das Wesentliche an dieser Weiterbildung ist die Verdrehbarkeit der Durchbrüche gegen die Deckelabschnitte oder umgekehrt, um damit den lichten Querschnitt der Durchbrüche zu verändern.In the case of an essentially funnel-shaped exhaust air funnel, it is preferably provided that the clear cross section of the openings in the truncated cone jacket can be adjusted by means of a ring which is mounted centrally on the exhaust air funnel. For this purpose, the ring can have, for example, star-shaped cover sections in the cross section, which cover the openings completely or partially when the ring is set accordingly. Of course, in order to achieve the same effect, that ring with the cover sections can also be stationary, while the exhaust air funnel itself can be rotatable relative to that ring in order to change the clear cross section of the openings. The essence of this development is the rotatability of the openings against the cover sections or vice versa, in order to change the clear cross section of the openings.

Eine nächste Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Branderkennungsvorrichtung betrifft sowohl den optimalen Abgriff der Teilmenge aus dem Hauptkühlluftstrom als auch eine flexible Handhabung der gesamten Branderkennungsvorrichtung am Einsatzort. Hierfür ist in vorteilhafter Weise vorgesehen, daß die Luftleitung zwischen Meßkammer und Ablufttrichter aus einem flexiblen Schlauch besteht und an der Deckfläche des Kegelstumpfs bzw. des Pyramidenstumpfs ansetzt.A further development of the fire detection device according to the invention relates both to the optimal tapping of the partial quantity from the main cooling air flow and to flexible handling of the entire fire detection device at the place of use. For this purpose, it is advantageously provided that the air line between the measuring chamber and the exhaust air funnel consists of a flexible hose and attaches to the top surface of the truncated cone or truncated pyramid.

Da die Erfahrung gezeigt hat, daß bei direkter Befestigung eines Ablufttrichters auf dem Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes der Hauptkühlluftstrom teilweise in das zu überwachende Gerät zurückgeführt wird ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß der Ablufttrichter mittels Abstandshaltern vom Luftaustritt des zu überwachenden Gerätes beabstandet befestigt ist.Since experience has shown that when an exhaust air funnel is attached directly to the air outlet of the device to be monitored, the main cooling air flow is partially returned to the device to be monitored, it is preferably provided that the exhaust air funnel is attached at a distance from the air outlet of the device to be monitored by means of spacers.

Im folgenden werden drei bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die Ansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Ablufttrichters;
Fig. 2
die Draufsicht auf den Ablufttrichter gemäß Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Ablufttrichters;
Fig. 4
ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Ablufttrichters; und
Fig. 5
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zu überwachenden Geräteschranks mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Branderkennungsvorrichtung.
Three preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
the view of a first embodiment of the exhaust funnel according to the invention;
Fig. 2
the top view of the exhaust funnel according to FIG. 1;
Fig. 3
a second embodiment of the exhaust funnel according to the invention;
Fig. 4
a third embodiment of the exhaust funnel according to the invention; and
Fig. 5
a perspective view of a device cabinet to be monitored with a fire detection device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ablufttrichter 1, wie er in einer Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Bränden in zwangsbelüfteten Geräten oder Maschinen, beispielsweise in EDV-Geräten und ähnlichen elektronischen Einrichtungen, zum Einsatz kommt. Hierfür wird der Ablufttrichter 1 an dem (hier nicht dargestellten) Luftaustritt eines zu überwachenden Gerätes beabstandet vom Luftaustritt befestigt, so daß mittels des Ablufttrichters dem Hauptkühlluftstrom des zu überwachenden Gerätes eine repräsentative Teilmenge entnommen wird. Diese Luftmenge - auch Luftprobe - wird über einen flexiblen Schlauch 6 einer (hier ebenfalls nicht dargestellten) Meßkammer zugeführt, die in an sich bekannter Weise mit wenigstens einem Detektor zur Erfassung einer Brandkenngröße ausgerüstet ist. Der Detektor kann entweder ein Rauchmelder, ein Gasmelder oder aber auch ein Wärmemelder sein, wobei vorzugsweise Rauchmelder zum Einsatz kommen.1 shows an exhaust air funnel 1 as it is used in a device for detecting fires in forced-ventilation devices or machines, for example in EDP devices and similar electronic devices. For this purpose, the exhaust air funnel 1 is attached to the air outlet (not shown here) of a device to be monitored at a distance from the air outlet, so that a representative subset is removed from the main cooling air flow of the device to be monitored by means of the air outlet funnel. This amount of air - also air sample - is fed via a flexible hose 6 to a measuring chamber (also not shown here), which is equipped in a manner known per se with at least one detector for detecting a fire parameter. The detector can either be a smoke detector, a gas detector or else a heat detector, with smoke detectors preferably being used.

Der Ablufttrichter 1 ist im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet und weist in seiner Wand 2, d.h. im Kegelstumpfmantel, über dessen Umfang verteilt einige Durchbrüche 3 auf. Der lichte Querschnitt jener Durchbrüche 3 ist durch Verdrehen eines Ringes 4 veränderbar, wodurch sich an dem Ring 4 befestigte Deckelabschnitte 10 über die Durchbrüche 3 schieben und diese abdecken, bzw. die Durchbrüche 3 freigeben. Die Verdrehung des Ringes 4 erfolgt durch einen Einstellring 9. Die Mechanik des Gegeneinanderverdrehens der Deckelabschnitte 10 gegen die Durchbrüche 3 kann selbstverständlich auch dadurch erreicht werden, daß der Ring 4 mit den Deckelabschnitten 10 feststehend ausgebildet ist, während jener die Durchbrüche 3 tragende Mantelbereich des Ablufttrichters 1 mittels des Einstellrings 9 verdrehbar ist. Der in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Zustand zeigt eine geringfügige Öffnung der Durchbrüche 3, so daß ein bestimmter Anteil der in den Ablufttrichter 1 in Richtung des Pfeils 13 eintretenden Kühlluftmenge zur Vermeidung eines Luftrückstaus abgelassen wird.The exhaust air funnel 1 is essentially frustoconical and has a number of openings 3 in its wall 2, ie in the truncated cone, distributed over its circumference. The clear cross section of those openings 3 is by twisting one Ring 4 changeable, whereby the lid portions 10 attached to the ring 4 slide over the openings 3 and cover them, or release the openings 3. The ring 4 is rotated by an adjusting ring 9. The mechanics of rotating the cover sections 10 against one another against the openings 3 can, of course, also be achieved in that the ring 4 with the cover sections 10 is designed to be stationary, while the jacket region of the exhaust air funnel carrying the openings 3 1 can be rotated by means of the adjusting ring 9. The state shown in FIG. 1 shows a slight opening of the openings 3, so that a certain proportion of the amount of cooling air entering the exhaust air funnel 1 in the direction of arrow 13 is discharged to avoid an air backflow.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf den Ablufttrichter gemäß Fig. 1, wobei der Ring 4 mit den Deckelabschnitten 10 in Form eines Schnitts durch den Kegelstumpfmantel dargestellt ist. Als Maß für die Größe der Öffnung der Durchbrüche 3 durch Verdrehen des Ringes 4 gegen den Kegelstumpfmantel 2 ist eine Skala 8 vorgesehen, deren Einteilung im Zusammenwirken mit einer Indikatorzunge 11 einen Anhalt für die Einstellung bei verschiedenen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des Hauptkühlluftstroms des zu überwachenden Gerätes geben kann. Hierfür bietet sich eine Einteilung der Skala 8 in m/sec an.FIG. 2 shows a top view of the exhaust air funnel according to FIG. 1, the ring 4 with the cover sections 10 being shown in the form of a section through the truncated cone jacket. As a measure of the size of the opening of the openings 3 by rotating the ring 4 against the truncated cone 2, a scale 8 is provided, the division of which in cooperation with an indicator tongue 11 can give an indication of the setting at different flow rates of the main cooling air flow of the device to be monitored. A division of the scale 8 into m / sec is recommended for this.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ablufttrichters 1, der im wesentlichen pyramidenstumpfförmig ausgebildet ist. Der flexible Schlauch 6 setzt - wie bei der Kegelstumpfform - an der Deckfläche 7 des Pyramidenstumpfs an. Die hier gewählte Grundform der Pyramide ist ein Rechteck, und in den beiden schmaleren Mantelflächen des Pyramidenstumpfs ist beispielhaft jeweils ein Durchbruch 3 vorgesehen, dessen lichter Querschnitt mittels jeweils einer Klappe 12 verändert werden kann.Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of an exhaust funnel 1, which is substantially truncated pyramid-shaped. As with the frustoconical shape, the flexible hose 6 attaches to the top surface 7 of the truncated pyramid. The basic shape of the pyramid chosen here is a rectangle, and an opening 3 is provided in each of the two narrower lateral surfaces of the truncated pyramid, the clear cross section of which can be changed by means of a flap 12.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ablufttrichters 1 mit der gleichen Formgebung wie bei dem vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispiel. Hier sind jedoch in den beiden schmaleren Mantelflächen des Pyramidenstumpfs mehrere kleinere Durchbrüche 3 vorgesehen, deren Dichte in Richtung auf die Deckfläche 7 zunimmt. Die Durchbrüche 3 in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ablufttrichters 1 sind in ihrem lichten Querschnitt nicht variabel.Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of an exhaust funnel 1 with the same shape as in the previous embodiment. Here, however, are narrower in the two The lateral surfaces of the truncated pyramid provide several smaller openings 3, the density of which increases in the direction of the top surface 7. The openings 3 in this exemplary embodiment of an exhaust funnel 1 are not variable in their clear cross section.

Fig. 5 zeigt das erste Ausführungsbeispiel des Ablufttrichters 1 an dem Luftaustritt 15 eines Geräteschranks 14. Die durch den Ablufttrichter 1 aus dem Hauptkühlluftstrom des zu überwachenden Geräteschranks 14 abgegriffene repräsentative Teilluftmenge wird über den flexiblen Schlauch 6 der Meßkammer 5 der Branderkennungsvorrichtung zugeführt. Sobald die in der Meßkammer 5 befindlichen Detektoren (nicht dargestellt) eine Brandkenngröße in der die Meßkammer durchströmenden Luftmenge detektieren, wird durch den an die Detektoren angeschlossenen elektronischen Schaltkreis eine Reaktion in Form eines Alarms oder dergleichen ausgelöst.FIG. 5 shows the first exemplary embodiment of the exhaust air funnel 1 at the air outlet 15 of an equipment cabinet 14. The representative part air volume tapped by the exhaust air funnel 1 from the main cooling air flow of the equipment cabinet 14 to be monitored is fed via the flexible hose 6 to the measuring chamber 5 of the fire detection device. As soon as the detectors (not shown) in the measuring chamber 5 detect a fire parameter in the amount of air flowing through the measuring chamber, a reaction in the form of an alarm or the like is triggered by the electronic circuit connected to the detectors.

Claims (7)

  1. Device for detecting fires in apparatus or machines ventilated by forced draught air, e.g. in EDP apparatus and similar electronic devices, with an exhaust air funnel which removes, from the main cooling air flow at the air outlet of the apparatus to be monitored, a representative partial quantity and passes it via an airline to a measuring chamber, and with at least one detector for determining a fire parameter, said detector being disposed in the measuring chamber in the airflow and for example being connected via an electronic circuit to a warning, extinguishing or switch-off device,
    characterised in that the wall (2) of the exhaust air funnel (1) has apertures (3) distributed over its periphery.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the clear cross-section of the apertures (3) is variable.
  3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the exhaust air funnel (1) is substantially frustoconical in form, and in that the apertures (3) are provided in the periphery of the truncated cone.
  4. Device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the clear cross-section of the apertures (3) is adjustable by means of a ring (4) mounted centrally in the exhaust air funnel (1).
  5. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the exhaust air funnel (1) is substantially frustopyramidal, and in that the apertures (3) are provided in the periphery of the truncated pyramid.
  6. Device according to Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the air line between measuring chamber (5) and exhaust air funnel (1) consists of a flexible hose (6), and is attached to the cover surface (7) of the truncated cone, or of the truncated pyramid.
  7. Device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the exhaust air funnel (1) is attached at a spacing by means of spacers from the air outlet (15) of the apparatus (14) to be monitored.
EP93102856A 1992-03-03 1993-02-24 Fire detecting device Expired - Lifetime EP0559065B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4206656 1992-03-03
DE4206656A DE4206656C1 (en) 1992-03-03 1992-03-03

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EP0559065A1 EP0559065A1 (en) 1993-09-08
EP0559065B1 true EP0559065B1 (en) 1997-05-21

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EP (1) EP0559065B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE153464T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4206656C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0559065T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2103389T3 (en)
FI (1) FI111882B (en)
GR (1) GR3024356T3 (en)
NO (1) NO305418B1 (en)

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DE10344188B3 (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-05-25 Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for fire, smoke and function monitoring of rotor blades in wind turbines and wind energy plant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH491449A (en) * 1969-05-19 1970-05-31 Cerberus Ag Smoke detector arrangement with at least one smoke measuring chamber
US4208655A (en) * 1978-02-21 1980-06-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Protective system for electrical apparatus
CH648943A5 (en) * 1980-05-09 1985-04-15 Cerberus Ag SMOKE DETECTOR.
US4319229A (en) * 1980-06-09 1982-03-09 Firecom, Inc. Alarm system having plural diverse detection means
DE3433459A1 (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-20 Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH, 3108 Winsen Device/detection apparatus for early identification of fire and overheating, built in or on housings/cabinets which enclose installed electrical/electronic and other systems
US4718021A (en) * 1985-09-20 1988-01-05 Timblin Stanley W Technique for fan cycling to maintain temperature within prescribed limits

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ATE153464T1 (en) 1997-06-15
EP0559065A1 (en) 1993-09-08
FI930951A0 (en) 1993-03-03
GR3024356T3 (en) 1997-11-28
DE4206656C1 (en) 1993-05-19
NO305418B1 (en) 1999-05-25
ES2103389T3 (en) 1997-09-16
NO930765L (en) 1993-09-06
FI930951A (en) 1993-09-04
DK0559065T3 (en) 1997-06-30
NO930765D0 (en) 1993-03-02
DE59306483D1 (en) 1997-06-26
FI111882B (en) 2003-09-30

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