EP0551643B1 - Chambre de combustion à cyclone axial - Google Patents

Chambre de combustion à cyclone axial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0551643B1
EP0551643B1 EP92121807A EP92121807A EP0551643B1 EP 0551643 B1 EP0551643 B1 EP 0551643B1 EP 92121807 A EP92121807 A EP 92121807A EP 92121807 A EP92121807 A EP 92121807A EP 0551643 B1 EP0551643 B1 EP 0551643B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
air
reactor according
fuel
supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92121807A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0551643A2 (fr
EP0551643A3 (en
Inventor
Walter Dr.-Ing. Thielen
Ulrich Dr.-Ing. Priesmeier
Helmut Niepel
Anton-Walter Dr.-Ing. Schäfers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
Original Assignee
L&C Steinmueller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L&C Steinmueller GmbH filed Critical L&C Steinmueller GmbH
Publication of EP0551643A2 publication Critical patent/EP0551643A2/fr
Publication of EP0551643A3 publication Critical patent/EP0551643A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0551643B1 publication Critical patent/EP0551643B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F23C3/008—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial cyclone combustion reactor for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field with an essentially conical lower part and a cylindrical upper part, an ash extraction opening at the lower end of the lower part and a central exhaust gas opening in the ceiling of the upper part, as well as a fuel supply and at least one tangential Air supply on the cylindrical upper part.
  • a reactor is known from DE-B-1218 649.
  • DD 234 585 A3 Another axial cyclone combustion reactor is known from DD 234 585 A3, in which both a carrier air / fuel mixture is introduced axially into the lower end of the conical lower part via a swirl generator and combustion air via a swirl generator.
  • the two swirl generators are complex components, and in particular the swirl generator, via which the fuel-air mixture is introduced into the combustion reactor, is subject to increased wear.
  • the air supply to the cylindrical upper part can take place in several stages by means of air supplies arranged axially and / or circumferentially at a distance.
  • At least one axial air supply in addition to a tangential air supply, preferably in the form of a nozzle base for the supply of fluidizing air.
  • the fuel is supplied via the lower end of the cone, and in the DD 257 280 A1 the supply takes place via the cone itself, it is preferred according to the present invention that the fuel is supplied in the cylindrical upper part and tangentially in a more preferred manner.
  • the fuel can also be supplied in several stages in the axial and / or circumferential direction.
  • an external single or multi-layer insulation can be provided.
  • the insulation can be built up by an insulating material and / or by a cooling jacket through which there is a forced flow, wherein the cooling jacket can be arranged on the inside or outside with respect to the insulating material.
  • the outlet opening may be followed by an afterburning chamber with a lateral exhaust gas outlet which is enlarged in diameter compared to the outlet opening.
  • the combustion chamber of the reactor serves to burn off the coarse grain up to a limit grain diameter of the cyclone flow.
  • further turbulence causes the undersize and the CO strands emerging from the combustion chamber to burn off further.
  • the afterburning chamber can be arranged on the reactor as a separate assembly. However, it is also possible to draw the cross section of the combustion chamber into the reactor, so that the combustion chamber itself is divided into a main and an afterburning chamber by the drawing.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for operating an axial cyclone combustion reactor for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field, in particular in an axial cyclone combustion reactor described above.
  • the invention provides for a granular inert material to be introduced into the reactor in addition to the fuel.
  • the inert material has essentially the same properties as the fuel, in particular the same specific weight. It is also expedient if the inert material is matched to the fuel grain in terms of its grain size range. This appears to be particularly important when fluidizing air is introduced into the reactor to build up a fluidized bed.
  • both the conical lower part 2 and the cylindrical upper part 3 are delimited by a cylindrical lining.
  • "brick lining” in the description and in the claims one is built from individual building blocks Brick lining, a cast lining or a ceramic lining of the reactor interior, e.g. B. understood in the form of a powdered membrane wall.
  • Fuel is introduced into the reactor via tangential and inclined fuel feeds 4a, 4b, and 4c.
  • Primary air is blown into the cone 2 via lines 5a and 5b opening towards the cone 2.
  • the cone 2 is connected at its lower end to an ash extraction line 6. Sifter air can be blown into the ash line 6 via line 7.
  • the grain fraction which can be drawn off via line 6, is determined by the classifier air. Secondary air is fed tangentially to the cylindrical upper part 3 via a line 8. Ignition gas can be introduced into the line 6 via a valve 9, which gas is ignited via an electrical igniter 10. The outlet opening 3a assigned to the upper part 3 opens towards an angled exhaust duct 11. The primary air feeds 5a and 5b are also arranged so that the primary air enters the cone 2 tangentially.
  • the reactor 12 is provided in its cylindrical upper part 13 with a lining 14 of two layers 14a and 14b, while an air box 16 is assigned to the conical lower part 15.
  • the conical lower part 15 consists of a first cone 15a adjoining the upper part 13, a cylindrical intermediate section 15b and a further cone 15c. Such an arrangement is also considered essential in the description and in the claims considered conical.
  • the air box 16 is provided with a connecting piece 17 into which cooling air flows. This cooling air enters the interior of the reactor through tangentially oriented openings 18 in the cone section 15a.
  • the cylindrical section 15b is assigned a plurality of primary air connecting pieces 19a and 19b passing through the air box 16, from which primary air enters the interior of the reactor tangentially.
  • Secondary air is supplied via air inlets 20a to 20f which are spaced axially and circumferentially.
  • the fuel is introduced at 21.
  • an external cooling jacket 22, to which cooling air is applied, is provided, to which cooling air is supplied via connection piece 22a and from which cooling air is drawn off via connection piece 22b.
  • the coarse ash discharge 23 following the lower cone section 15c is provided with a classifier air connection 24.
  • the cylindrical upper part 26 is in turn provided with a lining 27 and the conical lower part 28 is arranged in an air box 29, to which primary air is supplied via a connecting piece 30, which is tangential via an air supply 31 into a straight cylindrical section 28a of the conical lower part can occur.
  • the purely conical section 28b is provided with a spaced double jacket 28b '. Cooling air enters the space between the conical section 28b and the double jacket 28 'via a connection 32 passing through the air box 29 and also enters the air box at the lower end of the double jacket through an annular gap 33.
  • the action of the lines 30 and 32 is regulated and separated, so that the temperature of the air introduced into the cone 28 can be regulated.
  • the lower end of the cylindrical section 28a is assigned a nozzle base 34, through which air from the air box 29 axially enters the conical lower part 28 as fluidizing air.
  • a discharge pipe 35 is provided which penetrates the nozzle base and opens towards the cylindrical section 28b.
  • Secondary air is supplied tangentially to the cylindrical section 26 via secondary air supply lines 36a and 36b, while fuel is supplied via line 37.
  • a closable passage 38 for one which can be pushed into and withdrawn from the reactor space in FIG. 3 pilot burner, not shown, is provided.
  • Such a passage 38 is also provided in FIG. 2.
  • the outlet opening 39 is followed by an afterburning chamber 40 of larger diameter, possibly insulated according to the dash-dotted line, from which the exhaust gas is drawn off through a side exhaust pipe 41.
  • the afterburning chamber 40 extends the residence time of the fuel grains in the system and also at least partially removes the swirl from the flow.
  • the lining 27 can - as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 - be built up in multiple layers.
  • the material for creating the cone can be high temperature resistant steel in all embodiments.
  • the cooling air used for cooling can under certain circumstances also be used as preheated primary and / or secondary air.
  • inert material can be used to stabilize the combustion and for continuous cleaning in all three embodiments.
  • the inert material should be essentially the same Have properties like the fuel, e.g. B. specific weight, bulk density and / or grain.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Réacteur à combustion à cyclone axial pour brûler des combustibles solides dans un champ d'écoulement rotatif, comprenant une partie inférieure essentiellement conique et une partie supérieure cylindrique, une ouverture de cendrier disposée à l'extrémité inférieure de la partie inférieure et une ouverture de sortie centra le située dans le plafond de la partie supérieure, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'alimentation en combustible et au moins un dispositif d'amenée d'air tangentielle agencé sur la partie supérieure cylindrique, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un dispositif d'amenée d'air (31) tangentielle est prévue à l'extrémité inférieure de la partie inférieure conique (28), en ce que la partie inférieure (28) conique est entourée d'une caisse à air (29) à partir de laquelle de l'air entre dans la partie inférieure conique, et en ce qu'une enveloppe double (28b') est prévue dans la caisse à air (29), qui est traversée par l'écoulement et agencée distance de la surface externe de la partie inférieure (28) conique.
  2. Réacteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'à la partie supérieure cylindrique, l'amenée d'air s'effectue par plusieurs étages par l'intermédiaire de dispositifs d'amenées d'air (28a-f; 36a-36b) agencés de façon axiale et/ou en direction du pourtour, et de façon espacée.
  3. Réacteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'à côté d'un dispositif d'amenée d'air tangentielle, au moins un dispositif d'amenée d'air axiale (34), de préférence en forme d'un fond à tuyères, est prévue pour l'amenée d'air de fluidifisation.
  4. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation en combustible (4a-4c; 21; 37) s'effectue dans la partie supérieure cylindrique (3; 13; 26).
  5. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation en combustible s'effectue d'une façon tangentielle.
  6. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation en combustible s'effectue de façon graduelle, dans une direction axiale et/ou dans la direction du pourtour.
  7. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la partie supérieure cylindrique (3; 13; 26) est muraillée.
  8. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'en plus du contre-mur, une isolation à une ou plusieurs couches, disposée à l'extérieur est prévue.
  9. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le réacteur présente une enveloppe de refroidissement (22) traversée de force par l'écoulement.
  10. Réacteur selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une chambre de post-combustion (40) comprenant une sortie (41) latérale des gaz d'échappement et dont le diamètre est élargi par rapport à l'ouverture de sortie, est disposée en aval de l'ouverture de sortie (39).
  11. Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'un réacteur à combustion à cyclone axial selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit un matériau inerte granuleux dans le réacteur en plus du combustible.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le matériau inerte présente essentiellement les mêmes caractéristiques que le combustible.
EP92121807A 1992-01-11 1992-12-22 Chambre de combustion à cyclone axial Expired - Lifetime EP0551643B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4200575A DE4200575C2 (de) 1992-01-11 1992-01-11 Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktor und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktors
DE4200575 1992-01-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0551643A2 EP0551643A2 (fr) 1993-07-21
EP0551643A3 EP0551643A3 (en) 1993-12-08
EP0551643B1 true EP0551643B1 (fr) 1997-05-21

Family

ID=6449385

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92121807A Expired - Lifetime EP0551643B1 (fr) 1992-01-11 1992-12-22 Chambre de combustion à cyclone axial

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0551643B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE153432T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4200575C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2104807T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19501736C1 (de) * 1994-12-06 1996-06-20 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Klärschlamm und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE10224563A1 (de) * 2002-06-03 2003-12-18 Ulrich Duerasch Drehstromverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Calcinierung bzw. zum Kalkbrennen und zur thermischen Behandlung von rieselfähigen Schüttgütern unter Berücksichtigung einer besonders CO¶2¶-armen Herstellung
DE102009014010B4 (de) * 2009-03-19 2012-02-23 Georg Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Brenner für festes, stückiges Brennmaterial
DE102010014479B4 (de) * 2010-04-09 2012-01-12 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Og Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Heißgaserzeugung mit integrierter Erhitzung eines Wärmeträgermediums

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1218649B (de) * 1954-03-30 1966-06-08 Kohlenscheidungs Ges Mit Besch Schmelzkammerfeuerung mit annaehernd lotrechter zylindrischer Brennkammer
GB1204177A (en) * 1967-10-10 1970-09-03 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Process for the combustion of carbonaceous material
US4308806A (en) * 1978-04-05 1982-01-05 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Incinerator for burning waste and a method of utilizing same
IT7904949V0 (it) * 1979-10-08 1979-10-08 Gavioli Gabriele Parete coibente con recupero di calore o di freddo
DD234585A3 (de) * 1983-11-07 1986-04-09 Werner Altmann Axial-zyklon-verbrennungsreaktor
DE3503603A1 (de) * 1985-02-02 1986-08-07 Cornel. Schmidt GmbH & Co KG, 5090 Leverkusen Feuerungsanlage
DE3636071A1 (de) * 1986-10-23 1988-08-25 Gewerk Sophia Jakoba Einrichtung zum verbrennen, insbesondere von reaktionstraegem kohlenstaub
DD257280A1 (de) * 1987-01-30 1988-06-08 Bezirksdirektion Fuer Strassen Kombinierter zyklon-wirbelschicht-reaktor
DE3839381A1 (de) * 1988-11-22 1990-01-04 Mrklas Louis Vertikal rotierende wirbelschichtverbrennung fuer klinikmuell, klaerschlamm, pastoesen, staubigen, fluessigen und granulatfoermigen abfallstoff
DE4000319A1 (de) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-09 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Verfahren zur reduzierung der stickoxidemission bei kohlenstaubfeuerungen fuer dampferzeuger mit trockenem ascheabzug

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2104807T3 (es) 1997-10-16
DE4200575A1 (de) 1993-07-15
EP0551643A2 (fr) 1993-07-21
DE59208519D1 (de) 1997-06-26
DE4200575C2 (de) 1997-09-18
ATE153432T1 (de) 1997-06-15
EP0551643A3 (en) 1993-12-08

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