EP0546335B1 - Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546335B1
EP0546335B1 EP92119237A EP92119237A EP0546335B1 EP 0546335 B1 EP0546335 B1 EP 0546335B1 EP 92119237 A EP92119237 A EP 92119237A EP 92119237 A EP92119237 A EP 92119237A EP 0546335 B1 EP0546335 B1 EP 0546335B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
wall
basic body
liquid
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92119237A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0546335A1 (de
Inventor
Karl-Heinz SCHÜSSLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/807,012 external-priority patent/US5183595A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0546335A1 publication Critical patent/EP0546335A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0546335B1 publication Critical patent/EP0546335B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23124—Diffusers consisting of flexible porous or perforated material, e.g. fabric
    • B01F23/231241—Diffusers consisting of flexible porous or perforated material, e.g. fabric the outlets being in the form of perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23124—Diffusers consisting of flexible porous or perforated material, e.g. fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23123—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material
    • B01F23/231231—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material the outlets being in the form of perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23124—Diffusers consisting of flexible porous or perforated material, e.g. fabric
    • B01F23/231245—Fabric in the form of woven, knitted, braided, non-woven or flocculated fibers or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
    • B01F23/231265—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element being tubes, tubular elements, cylindrical elements or set of tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for gassing liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device is known from DE-C-507 294.
  • the wall is designed as a support-free bladder, which is held only via a gas supply nozzle, except for a gas supply opening and the gas outlet openings.
  • the gas distributor basically consists only of the bladder and has neither an inner nor an outer support structure.
  • the gas bubbles rise relatively quickly to the liquid level after exiting the bubble, as in the known horizontal tube aerator, and accordingly only a reduced fumigation of the liquid is effected.
  • an air hose consisting of elastic material, connected at one end to an air supply line and closed at the other end, with an unperforated underside and with a plurality of air outlet openings, is provided, the air hose being on its longitudinal edges held by a support member and in the air hose is a membrane under the tension of an air cushion, which forms the lower boundary of an air duct connected to the air supply line.
  • the two tube walls are connected to one another at the two longitudinal edges by a weld seam and each form a loop which encloses one of the two strand-shaped support members.
  • the membrane which is under the tension of an air cushion, is also welded to the two tube walls on its two side edges.
  • the air hose is also supported on its two side edges by a sheet steel profile which covers the weld seams and is intended to prevent their peeling.
  • the sheet steel profile is intended to increase the rigidity and weight of the air hose; it can also be provided on the underside of the air hose, the weight expediently being somewhat larger than the buoyancy of the hose filled with air.
  • This known ventilation device is structurally complex and therefore expensive.
  • a base body which has at least one inlet for the gas.
  • the membrane covers the base body and is attached to it.
  • a device for limiting the stroke of the membrane is also attached to the base body.
  • the inlet for the gas is passed through the base body as a passage opening.
  • the limiting device consists of a connection which is fastened with one end to the membrane in the area of overlap of the passage opening and cooperates with its other end with a counterpart arranged in the area of the passage opening.
  • the gas thus exits in the horizontal direction over the entire cylindrical outer surface of the membrane-like wall, so that the residence time of the gas bubbles in the liquid is increased and the ventilation effect is thereby improved compared to gas bubbles which emerge from an upwardly inclined or horizontally lying surface.
  • the base provides the gas distributor with the necessary stability, while an increased downward directed liquid flow is achieved through the at least one liquid channel in the interior of the base. The reason for this phenomenon seems to be that the liquid around the membrane-like cylindrical wall has a higher concentration of gas bubbles than the liquid located further inside in the region of the liquid channel.
  • the specific weight of the liquid around the gas distributor is less than that of the liquid in the region of the liquid duct, so that the liquid rises around the gas distributor while a downward flow occurs in the liquid duct of the gas distributor.
  • the ascending bubble expands upwards as the gas flows out over the entire circumference of the wall. This is in contrast to gas distributors, in the center of which no liquid channel is formed. In the case of the latter gas distributors, the cross section of the rising bubble flow is reduced upwards. Also due to this circumstance, the liquid gassing is surprisingly improved with the device according to the invention.
  • the gas outlet openings are distributed essentially over the entire surface of the wall, preferably uniformly, in order to ensure a uniform supply of gas into the liquid.
  • the wall consists of a flexible cylindrical piece of hose, which is connected at its two axial ends to the preferably also cylindrical base body.
  • the at least one liquid channel is delimited by a hose element which leads through the chamber and is fastened to the base body.
  • the base body can have a very simple basic shape.
  • the hose element expediently has less flexibility than the wall.
  • the wall expands when pressure is applied, while the hose element inside the gas distributor remains stiff and a reduction in the cross-section of the liquid channel is avoided.
  • the at least one liquid channel may be formed in one piece, for example as a bore in the base body.
  • a single liquid channel runs coaxially with the tube piece forming the wall. This results in a symmetrical flow profile of the downward directed liquid flow in the center of the gas distributor.
  • the gas supply channel is arranged coaxially with the base body.
  • the effective opening cross section of the gas outlet openings is different in size in adaptation to the liquid pressure to be overcome by the gas emerging through the gas outlet openings.
  • the opening cross section of the gas outlet openings in the bubble wall decreases from bottom to top as the liquid pressure decreases from bottom to top depending on the vertical height of the bubble.
  • a uniform gas outlet can also be promoted in that the wall has different thicknesses in adaptation to the liquid pressure to be overcome by the gas emerging through the gas outlet openings.
  • the wall in the lower area has a smaller thickness than in the upper area, so that the gas passage through the gas outlet openings in the lower area of the wall is opposed to a lower flow resistance than in the upper wall area, so that the total pressure to be overcome by the escaping gas is approximately the same .
  • the wall can consist of a stretchable, for example rubber-elastic material, which bulges outwards under the pressurization required for the gassing and thereby enlarges the effective area of the gas distributor.
  • the wall may consist of a non-stretchable, for example textile material.
  • the size and shape of the wall are fixed independently of the pressure above a minimum pressure of the gas.
  • the textile material allows a certain stretch, to combine the properties of a stretchable with those of a non-stretchable material.
  • This can be achieved in particular in that the wall consists of textile material or has a textile reinforcement insert or covering.
  • the gas outlet openings are made in the prestressed wall made of stretchable material.
  • the gas outlet openings are closed without pressurizing the chamber, while they only open when the fumigation gas is at a minimum pressure.
  • the opening cross-section of the gas outlet openings is pressure-dependent and can be adjusted accordingly.
  • a pressure-independent opening cross section of the gas outlet opening is desired, these are preferably introduced into the non-prestressed wall. They then have essentially the same opening cross section before and during the gas application regardless of the pressure.
  • gas outlet openings block one from the inside out, i.e. have a radially increasing opening cross-section, i.e. are conical. This has the advantage that when the gas exits the wall, any dirt deposits are easily entrained from the gas outlet openings, thereby reducing the risk of blockages even of relatively small gas outlet openings.
  • gas outlet openings are introduced into the wall from the outside, for example in the form of perforation by means of pinholes.
  • the gas is transported from the gas supply duct to the chamber with the wall by at least one connecting duct, which preferably runs radially in the base body, e.g. from the central gas supply duct to the outer surface of the base body.
  • a uniform pressurization of the entire wall is ensured in that an annular groove is formed on the outer surface of the base body, into which the connecting channel opens and which is covered by the wall.
  • a tubular, flexible, membrane-like wall element is provided in the upper region of the base body, which is arranged offset radially inwards relative to the wall and forms the chamber with it.
  • the wall element can have a multiplicity of gas outlet openings. As a result, the liquid flow flowing downward inside the gas distributor can also be aerated.
  • the gas supply channel has an internal thread with which the gas distributor can be screwed onto a pipe socket of the gas supply device provided with a corresponding external thread.
  • the gas supply channel is formed, for example, in a gas supply nozzle provided on the base body.
  • the gas distributor it is also possible for the gas distributor to be slipped onto a pipe socket of the gas supply device by means of the gas supply nozzle. Such a gas distributor can easily be replaced if it is defective.
  • the gas supply connection can be fastened to the pipe connection by means of a clamp, so that even larger pressurizations can be handled.
  • the gas distributor has a gas supply nozzle with a bead, which can be connected to a gas supply opening of the gas supply device. This also allows a relatively easy assembly and disassembly of the gas distributor.
  • gas supply channel and / or the pipe socket and / or the gas supply opening can also be used, for example, as a flap or Ball valve designed check valve can be arranged, which prevents the liquid from penetrating into the pipe socket or the piping system of the gas supply device when the pressure drops.
  • the invention also proposes that a ballast weight be arranged in the base body, in particular the chamber.
  • the ballast weight can be formed as a hollow body made of rigid or flexible material, the interior of which is in flow connection with the liquid surrounding the gas distributor and / or can be filled with a liquid such as water, concrete, lead or the like as a ballast weight.
  • the ballast weight can also be arranged outside the gas distributor.
  • the base body itself can also be designed as a ballast weight.
  • a device according to the invention for the gassing of liquids consists of a gas distributor 1 which is to be arranged under the liquid level and which can be connected to a gas supply device 2.
  • the gas distributor 1 shown in Fig. 1 consists of a base body 3, in which a chamber 4 and a gas supply channel 5 are formed. An internal thread is provided in the gas supply duct 5, so that the gas distributor 1 can be screwed onto a pipe socket of the gas supply device 2 provided with an external thread.
  • the base body 3 is cylindrical and carries a cylindrical wall 6 made of flexible, membrane-like material, in which a multiplicity of gas outlet openings 7 are formed (cf. FIGS. 9 and 10).
  • the wall 6 is fastened at its axial ends to the outside of the base body 3, for example with clips 8. If air is introduced into the chamber 4 through the gas supply duct 5, the wall 6 widens, as illustrated by the broken line.
  • a liquid channel 9 extends essentially vertically through the base body 3 and is formed by a hose element 10 connected to the base body 3 at its upper and lower ends.
  • the tubular element 10 can consist of solid or flexible material.
  • the flexibility of the hose element 10 is less than the flexibility of the wall 6, so that the wall 6 inflates outwards when pressure is applied, while the hose element 10 remains stiff.
  • the gas distributor 1 When the gas distributor 1 is pressurized, air escapes through the gas outlet openings 7 in the wall 6 essentially in the horizontal direction. As a result, the gas bubbles remain in the liquid for a relatively long time.
  • a liquid flow F directed downward is produced in the liquid channel 9, as indicated by the downward arrow in FIG. 1.
  • the liquid flow F appears to be due to the fact that the liquid around the membrane-like cylindrical wall 6 has a higher concentration of gas bubbles than the liquid within the liquid channel 9. This makes it specific Weight of the gas-laden liquid around the gas distributor 1 on average less than that of the liquid in the inner liquid channel 9. This leads to an increase in the liquid around the gas distributor 1, while the liquid flows in the middle of the gas distributor 1 from top to bottom. This results in increased circulation and consequently better ventilation of the liquid. It has also been found that the ascending bubble flow increases upwards when the gas flows out over the entire circumference of the jacket 6. This phenomenon is in contrast to gas distributors, in the middle of which there is no liquid channel. With such gas distributors, the area of the rising gas bubbles decreases upwards. In this way too, better liquid ventilation is achieved with the device according to the invention.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 essentially in that a plurality of liquid channels 9 are formed in the base body 3.
  • the gas supply channel 5 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is also coaxial with the base body 3 and leads directly into the center of the chamber 4.
  • a downward-directed liquid flow F is caused in each of the liquid channels 9.
  • the wall 6 lies essentially directly on the outside of the base body 3 when the gas distributor 1 is not pressurized.
  • the chamber volume is then practically zero.
  • a small recess can also be provided for the chamber 4. If the wall 6 is expanded outwards when pressure is applied, the chamber 4 is enlarged.
  • the gas supply channel 5 is arranged coaxially of the base body 3 and connected to the chamber 4 via a plurality of radial connecting channels 11.
  • the connection channels 11 are arranged in ribs 12 of the base body 3, which form a plurality of liquid channels 9 in a lower section of the base body 3.
  • the air L enters the gas supply duct 5 from below, as illustrated by the arrow in FIG.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • an outer circumferential annular groove 13 covered by the wall 6 is formed in the base body 3, into which the connecting channels 11 open.
  • the groove 13 ensures that the air or gas is guided over the entire circumference of the body 3 into the chamber 4 and to the inner surface of the wall 6.
  • the air or the gas at least at the beginning, is introduced into the chamber 4 at only two points which correspond to the outer ends of the connecting channels 11.
  • the wall 6 should therefore have no gas outlet openings 7 in the area around the mouths of the connecting channels 11 into the chamber 4. Good gas distribution in chamber 4 is thereby achieved.
  • the upper region 3 'of the base body 3 consists of rigid material, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 this rigid section 3' of the base body 3 is replaced by a tubular, flexible, membrane-like wall element 14 , which has a plurality of gas passage openings.
  • the lower end of the wall element 14 is fastened to the base body 3, while the upper end of the wall element 14 is held on a clamping element 15, for example via the clamps 8.
  • the clamping element 15 can be a section of the base body 3 or be connected to it. If gas is now introduced into the chamber 4 via the connecting channels 11, the wall 6 will first expand outwards according to the dashed line. Thereafter, the wall element 14 will widen inwards, as illustrated by the dash-dotted line. By expanding the wall element 14 inwards into the liquid channel 9, the downward liquid flow in the liquid channel 9 is additionally increased.
  • the groove 13 can also be formed in the base body 3.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 differ from the above. essentially by a different type of attachment of the gas distributor 1 to the gas supply device 2.
  • the gas supply device 2 has a pipeline 16, from which one or more pipe sockets 17 branch off at a gas supply opening 18.
  • a gas supply connection 19 is provided on the gas distributor 1, in which the gas supply channel 5 is formed.
  • the gas supply nozzle 19 is on the Pipe socket 17 put over and can be fixed by means of a clamp 20. So that the gas distributor 1 is securely attached to the gas supply device 2.
  • a check valve 21 which is designed as a ball valve and opens when the gas pressure is applied and closes when the pressure drops, so that no liquid can get into the gas distributor 1 and the gas supply device 2 via the gas outlet openings 7 before the opening of the gas supply channel 5.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 10 differs from that shown in FIG. 9 essentially in that the gas supply connection 19 is designed as a bead 22 which can be buttoned into the gas supply opening 18 of the pipeline 16.
  • the direction of the liquid flow F is also made clear in the embodiments according to FIGS. 9 and 10 by the downward-pointing arrows.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
EP92119237A 1991-12-09 1992-11-11 Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten Expired - Lifetime EP0546335B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US807012 1991-12-09
US07/807,012 US5183595A (en) 1990-04-20 1991-12-09 Device for gassing liquids
DE9207094U DE9207094U1 (de) 1991-12-09 1992-05-26 Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten
DE9207094U 1992-05-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0546335A1 EP0546335A1 (de) 1993-06-16
EP0546335B1 true EP0546335B1 (de) 1996-02-14

Family

ID=25959536

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92119237A Expired - Lifetime EP0546335B1 (de) 1991-12-09 1992-11-11 Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0546335B1 (da)
DE (2) DE9207094U1 (da)
DK (1) DK0546335T3 (da)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7645384B2 (en) 2003-08-27 2010-01-12 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Environmental remediation method using ozonophilic bacteria within a liquid coating of bubbles
US7645380B2 (en) 1995-05-05 2010-01-12 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Microporous diffusion apparatus
US7648640B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-01-19 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Directional microporous diffuser and directional sparging
US7651611B2 (en) 2006-07-12 2010-01-26 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Directional microporous diffuser and directional sparging
US7661657B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2010-02-16 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Deep well sparging
US7666316B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2010-02-23 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Permanganate-coated ozone for groundwater and soil treatment with in-situ oxidation
US7666313B2 (en) 2000-07-06 2010-02-23 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Groundwater and subsurface remediation
USRE43350E1 (en) 1995-05-05 2012-05-08 Think Village-Kerfoot, Llc Microporous diffusion apparatus
US8302939B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2012-11-06 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Soil and water remediation system and method
US8557110B2 (en) 2000-07-06 2013-10-15 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Groundwater and subsurface remediation
US8771507B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2014-07-08 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Directional microporous diffuser and directional sparging

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9302498U1 (de) * 1993-02-20 1993-04-22 Schüssler, Karl-Heinz, 6380 Bad Homburg Vorrichtung zum Begasen von Flüssigkeiten
US6436285B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2002-08-20 William B. Kerfoot Laminated microporous diffuser

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE507294C (de) * 1929-01-05 1931-01-05 Eugen G Stich Vorrichtung zum Belueften von Fluessigkeiten

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FR1162170A (fr) * 1956-08-03 1958-09-09 Electro Chimie Soc D Dispositif de mélange ou de fine dispersion d'un fluide dans un liquide
GB928628A (en) * 1961-10-12 1963-06-12 L Von Roll Ag Improvements in or relating to aerators for purification plants
US4198359A (en) * 1976-07-26 1980-04-15 Todd John J Apparatus for gasification of liquids
GB1593262A (en) * 1977-09-21 1981-07-15 Babcock Waster Treatment Ltd Pressure reducing devices
US5030362A (en) * 1989-08-21 1991-07-09 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Process for stripping liquid systems and sparger system useful therefor

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE507294C (de) * 1929-01-05 1931-01-05 Eugen G Stich Vorrichtung zum Belueften von Fluessigkeiten

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7645380B2 (en) 1995-05-05 2010-01-12 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Microporous diffusion apparatus
USRE43350E1 (en) 1995-05-05 2012-05-08 Think Village-Kerfoot, Llc Microporous diffusion apparatus
US7666313B2 (en) 2000-07-06 2010-02-23 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Groundwater and subsurface remediation
US8557110B2 (en) 2000-07-06 2013-10-15 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Groundwater and subsurface remediation
US7661657B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2010-02-16 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Deep well sparging
US8302939B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2012-11-06 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Soil and water remediation system and method
US7645384B2 (en) 2003-08-27 2010-01-12 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Environmental remediation method using ozonophilic bacteria within a liquid coating of bubbles
US7648640B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2010-01-19 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Directional microporous diffuser and directional sparging
US8771507B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2014-07-08 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Directional microporous diffuser and directional sparging
US7666316B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2010-02-23 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Permanganate-coated ozone for groundwater and soil treatment with in-situ oxidation
US7651611B2 (en) 2006-07-12 2010-01-26 Thinkvillage-Kerfoot, Llc Directional microporous diffuser and directional sparging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59205352D1 (de) 1996-03-28
DK0546335T3 (da) 1996-06-17
DE9207094U1 (de) 1992-07-30
EP0546335A1 (de) 1993-06-16

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