EP0546276A1 - Elément de construction, en particulier élément de couverture en forme de plaque ou de bande et son dispositif de fabrication - Google Patents

Elément de construction, en particulier élément de couverture en forme de plaque ou de bande et son dispositif de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546276A1
EP0546276A1 EP92117368A EP92117368A EP0546276A1 EP 0546276 A1 EP0546276 A1 EP 0546276A1 EP 92117368 A EP92117368 A EP 92117368A EP 92117368 A EP92117368 A EP 92117368A EP 0546276 A1 EP0546276 A1 EP 0546276A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier layer
layer
natural
anchoring
straws
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92117368A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Max Koschorrek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE9218259U priority Critical patent/DE9218259U1/de
Publication of EP0546276A1 publication Critical patent/EP0546276A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D9/00—Roof covering by using straw, thatch, or like materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped roof covering element according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a method and a device for producing the same.
  • Reed covers made from sedge grass are often used for building physics and architecture.
  • the main disadvantages of these roof coverings are very time-consuming and costly laying and a high risk of fire.
  • various types of substitution have been developed that combine the properties of conventional roofing materials with those of thatched roofs.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a roof covering element of the type mentioned, which is economically producible and easy to install and nevertheless has an optically or architecturally appealing overall impression.
  • the roof covering element according to the invention has the features of claim 1.
  • roofs covered with such roof covering elements corresponds to that of the thatched roofs produced in the conventional manner by using natural straws made of reeds or sedge grass, but especially Chinese grass, the amount of natural straws used being significantly reduced.
  • the roof covering elements according to the invention can be manufactured in different dimensions, so that simple and inexpensive installation is guaranteed.
  • the carrier layer consists of moisture-proof, flexible material.
  • the anchoring ends of the natural straws are permanently connected to the carrier layer by means of an anchoring layer, the anchoring layer preferably made of individual anchoring strips made of bitumen and the carrier layer consisting of a roofing membrane or a fibrous material coated with bitumen, preferably coconut fiber or jute fabric.
  • a natural surface structure of the roof covering elements according to the invention is advantageously achieved if the natural straws overlap in rows in a scale-like manner.
  • the natural straws are overlapping like scales, loosely arranged in rows next to one another, directly sewn onto a one-sided uncoated carrier layer made of fabric, preferably jute fabric, and covered with at least one anchoring strip.
  • the natural straws are connected to natural straw layers by connecting strands before they are arranged on the carrier layer.
  • the connecting strands preferably consist of a hot-melt adhesive which has a stiffening effect in the hardened state.
  • adhesive strips can be used as connecting strands, which are provided with stiffening to stabilize the natural straw layers.
  • the natural straws can also be permanently connected to one another in natural straw layers in a simple manner by appropriately arranged and designed sewings, for example by sewing the natural straws onto a fabric web, in particular from jute fabric.
  • the roof covering elements have free edge areas, ie areas without a covering layer, in order to enable the roof covering elements to be laid overlapping parallel to the ridge line and in the ridge direction.
  • the method according to the invention has the measures of claim 25.
  • This method is advantageously suitable both for the production of the roof covering elements according to the invention and for those using plastic straws.
  • the stalks are poured in layers onto a web-shaped carrier layer.
  • Several process steps run parallel to each other.
  • the stalks are placed next to one another in the edge region of the support layer in such a way that free ends with different projections protrude on one side beyond the support layer and the stalks, advantageously with almost flush anchoring ends, rest on the support layer.
  • the stalks lying next to each other in a row are continuously connected to the backing layer by sewing and covered with an anchoring strip. This covers at least one connecting seam formed in the process. It is particularly advantageous if, at the same time, the upper openings of the straws are tightly sealed against the ingress of liquid moisture.
  • the production method according to the invention can be carried out in a simple manner if the stalks are sewn onto a carrier layer consisting exclusively of fabric in a first method step and are then covered with an anchoring strip.
  • a carrier layer consisting exclusively of fabric in a first method step and are then covered with an anchoring strip.
  • bitumen is preferably applied to the underside of the carrier layer, i.e. H. applied to the side facing away from the cover layer in such a way that both the fiber and the pores or meshes formed between them are sealed moisture-tight.
  • bitumen is preferably applied to the underside of the carrier layer, i.e. H. applied to the side facing away from the cover layer in such a way that both the fiber and the pores or meshes formed between them are sealed moisture-tight.
  • the intended impregnation of the carrier layer takes place without influencing the optical properties of the cover layer.
  • the stalks can also be connected to each other in twice the length of a stalk layer and can be severed centrally between two connecting strands across the stalks to form stalk layers with anchoring ends that are flush on one side.
  • the anchoring ends of the straws are embedded in the anchoring layer.
  • anchoring strips of bitumen adhesive and straws or straw layers are applied to the carrier layer one after the other.
  • the anchoring strips act as inner anchors on which the anchoring ends of the stalks are glued, and as outer anchors which envelop the anchoring ends and in a simple manner completely close the upper first-side openings of the stalks.
  • a further method for producing the roof covering elements according to the invention consists in first immersing the straws connected to the straw layers with their anchoring ends in a bath of liquid bitumen and then gluing them onto the carrier layer.
  • a particularly simple way of embedding the straws in the anchoring layer is to apply bitumen in the liquid state to the carrier layer or a mold plate using a special shaping device, to completely immerse the anchoring ends of the straws in the anchoring layer and to position them accordingly at an acute angle, as well as to solidify the anchoring layer after the stalks or stalk layers have been arranged. This ensures that the connection between the straws and the anchoring layer is durable and effectively prevents water from entering the hollow spaces of the natural straws.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention has the features of claim 34.
  • the laying units arranged above the conveyor line are arranged spatially offset from one another, so that no mutual impairment can occur.
  • the component is particularly suitable for covering roof areas, but can also be used to cover walls.
  • the exemplary embodiments of the invention shown here relate to both plate-shaped and web-shaped roof covering elements 10.
  • the roof covering elements 10 each consist of a carrier layer 11 and a covering layer 12 made of natural straws 13, which partially overlap like scales and are arranged in rows next to one another.
  • the plate-shaped roof covering elements 10 shown in FIG. 1 have no cover layer 12 in the upper and lateral edge regions of the carrier layer 11.
  • the resulting free edge areas 14, 15 are provided for connecting overlapping roof covering elements 10 when they are laid.
  • the roof covering elements 10 are laid both parallel to the roof ridge line and at right angles thereto.
  • the roof covering elements 10 are first arranged next to one another parallel to the ridge line, the free edge area 15 of each roof covering element already connected to the roof surface 10 is completely overlapped by the next roof covering element 10 to be installed.
  • the roof covering elements 10 are laid transversely to the ridge line in such a way that the free edge areas 14 are completely overlapped. Free ends 16 of the natural straws 13 project beyond the carrier layer 11 on one side, so that the cover layers 12 of the individual roof covering elements 10, which are laid at right angles to the ridge line, overlap like scales, with an overall homogeneous "natural" structure of the roof surface.
  • the upper openings of the cavities 23 can be completely closed by embedding the anchoring ends 18 of the natural straws 13 in bitumen.
  • the roof covering element 10 For the cladding of large roof areas, it proves to be advantageous to design the roof covering element 10 according to the invention in the form of a web.
  • the natural straws 13, which are arranged in an overlapping manner in a scale-like manner, are sewn in rows next to one another, each forming a connecting seam 19 on the carrier layer 11, which preferably consists of fabric made of coconut fiber or jute, which is coated with moisture-proof on one side, outside the anchoring ends 18 thereby lie completely on the carrier layer 11.
  • an anchoring strip 20 is applied as an outer anchoring 21, preferably with a width of 5 cm.
  • anchoring strip 20 it is alternatively possible to arrange the anchoring strip 20 so that at the same time the cavities 17 of the natural straws 13 in the area of the upper openings are completely sealed against moisture.
  • the natural straws 13 are arranged at an acute angle to the carrier layer 11.
  • a different length of the natural straws 13 between preferably 15 cm and 25 cm and their scale-like covering results in a "natural surface structure" of each roof covering element 10.
  • Natural straws 13 are first placed on the carrier layer 11, the natural straws 13 of a first natural straw layer 22 being positioned in rows next to one another such that the free ends 16 protrude beyond the lower edge of the carrier layer 11.
  • the loosely arranged natural straws 13 are pressed onto the carrier layer 11 and then sewn onto the carrier layer 11 outside their anchoring ends 18. This creates the connecting seam 19 of the first natural straw layer 22.
  • An anchoring strip 20 is then applied as the outer anchor 21 in the region of the connecting seam 19 and preferably also the anchoring ends 18 of the natural straws 13.
  • the carrier layer 11 is preferably coated on one side with bitumen on its underside.
  • the position of the roof covering element 10 is changed so that the underside to be coated is arranged upwards.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a conveyor track, to which a feed conveyor 24 for the carrier layer 11 and a plurality of laying units 25 for natural straws 13 are assigned, the arrangement of which according to FIG.
  • each laying unit 25 consists of a feed container 26 with a driving roller 27, pressure roller 28, a sewing device 29 and a feed member 30 for anchoring strips 20.
  • the arrangement of these device parts with respect to one another is carried out according to FIG. 8 in such a way that on the carrier layer 11 first the natural straws 13 are pressed onto the carrier layer 11 by means of the pressure rollers 28 and then sewn onto the latter, and an anchoring strip 20 is then applied at least to the connecting seam 19 of the natural straws 13.
  • the laying unit 25 for the first natural straw layer 22 of a cover layer 12 of a roof covering element 10 in the transport direction of the carrier layer 11 in front of the other further laying units 25 arranged offset from one another is arranged. All laying units 25 are positioned above a conveyor belt 31 (FIG. 9).
  • the production line for the production of the roof covering elements 10 is followed by a production unit for the moisture-proof coating of the carrier layer 11 with bitumen.
  • This is designed such that the roof covering element 10 is first turned and liquid bitumen is applied to the underside of the carrier layer 11, which is now arranged at the top.
  • the natural straws 13 according to FIGS. 10 and 11 are connected approximately parallel to one another to natural straw layers 32 with one-sided anchoring ends 18.
  • the natural straw layers 32 have at least one stabilizing connecting strand 33, which is arranged outside the anchoring ends 18, transverse to the natural straws 13, in particular made of hot-melt adhesive or adhesive strips.
  • the natural straws 13 of the natural straw layers 32 can also be connected to one another by sewing or sewing onto a stabilizing base, in particular made of jute fabric.
  • the support layer 11 according to FIGS. 12 to 17 consists of bitumen or roofing membrane material, in particular bitumen layers with inserts made of coconut fiber or jute fabric and is connected to a moisture-proof anchoring layer 34, preferably made of bitumen.
  • the natural straws 13 of a roof covering element 10 are arranged at an acute angle to the carrier layer 11 and are connected on one side by the anchoring layer 34 to the carrier layer 11, such that the natural straws 13 of the individual natural straw layers 32 overlap like scales.
  • a different length of the natural straws 13 within each natural straw layer 32 between preferably 15 cm and 25 cm and their scale-like covering results in a “natural surface structure” of such a roof covering element 10 according to the invention.
  • the anchoring layer 34 consists of individual anchoring strips 20, which form inner anchors 35 and the outer anchors 21 of the natural straws 13, the anchoring ends 18 being completely enclosed by the anchoring strips 20.
  • the anchoring layer 34 consists of bitumen or a bitumen layer.
  • natural straws 13 are first placed from a feed container 26 with a driving roller 27 approximately parallel to one another on a conveyor belt.
  • the natural straws 13 are positioned twice the length of a natural straw layer 32 along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.
  • at least two point, strip or net-shaped connecting strands 33 are applied at a distance from one another from a feeder for hot-melt adhesive strips.
  • the natural straws 13 connected in this way have free ends 16 on both sides.
  • a sawing device with a saw table and slide is preferably used for this purpose.
  • the saw table can be designed as both an inclined and a straight plane and can have suction devices so that the natural straw layers 32 are held in their position relative to the saw table during the cutting process. Following the production of the natural straw layers 32, these are transported by means of the slide from the saw table to a laying device for the natural straw layers 32.
  • the natural straws 13 are positioned on the same in order to produce the natural straw layers 32 transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.
  • at least one connecting strand 33 is applied to the natural straws 13 (FIG. 11). This consists of either one in the hardened state, it acts as a stiffening hot melt adhesive or from an adhesive strip with a stiffening element.
  • a stabilizing base preferably made of jute fabric.
  • the endless belt is then cut in a separating device according to the size of the natural straw layers 32. These are then transported to the laying facility.
  • the carrier layer 11 is cut to the size of the roof element by means of a separating element 36 and fed to a conveyor belt 31 before the roof covering elements 10 are produced.
  • a single-wide anchoring strip 20, preferably in a width of 5 cm is applied to the carrier layer 11 by means of a slot die device 37.
  • a first natural straw layer 22 is placed on this anchoring strip 20 in such a way that the anchoring ends 18 rest on the anchoring strip 20 as an inner anchoring 35.
  • a next anchoring strip 20 of double width is now partially applied to the anchoring ends 18 of the natural straw layer 22 as its outer anchoring 21 and directly to the carrier layer 11.
  • a second natural straw layer 23 is placed in a scale-like offset to the first natural straw layer 22, which is already connected to the carrier layer 11, on a contact surface 38 of the anchoring strip 20, the corresponding anchoring ends 18 both with the carrier layer 11 and with the anchoring ends 18 of the first natural straw layer 22 get connected.
  • further anchoring strips 20 and natural straw layers 32 are then applied stepwise to the carrier layer 11 in the manner described above, the last anchoring strip 20 again having a simple width as the outer anchoring 21 last layer of natural straw 32 is applied.
  • the finished roof covering elements 10 are conveyed to an acceptance table and are fed there for further determination.
  • the anchoring layer 34 is applied to the carrier layer 11 in the liquid state.
  • a shaping device 40 having a frame 39 is used.
  • the frame 39 consists of three vertical side walls 41 and a side wall 42, which is preferably inclined at an angle of 25 ° to the base area.
  • the frame 39 is positioned on the carrier layer 11 for the production of the roof covering elements 10 and then with liquid bitumen as the anchoring layer 34 in a layer thickness of approximately 5 cm filled in the shaping device 41.
  • the natural straws 13 of each natural straw layer 32 have almost flush anchoring ends 18.
  • the first natural straw layer 22 is immersed with the anchoring ends 18 of the natural straws 13 in the liquid anchoring layer 34 and then positioned on the carrier layer 11 lying on the inclined side wall 42 of the frame 39.
  • the second natural straw layer 23 is first immersed in the anchoring layer 34 in the same way and then positioned lying on the first natural straw layer 22.
  • the anchoring layer 34 is solidified.
  • the anchoring ends 18 of the natural straws 13 are completely embedded in the anchoring layer 34 to form inner anchors 35 and outer anchors 21.
  • liquid bitumen is applied to a base board 43, on which the frame 39 of the shaping device 40 is placed.
  • the dimensions of the frame 39 correspond to the dimensions of a roof covering element 10.
  • these device parts are provided with a special separating agent.
  • the roof covering elements 10 are produced in negative production.
  • the shaping device 40 consists of a special box mold 45 with a molding plate 46 (FIG. 20).
  • the height of the side walls 41 of the box mold 45 corresponds to the thickness of a roof covering element 10.
  • the box mold 45 is filled with molding sand according to the thickness of the cover layer 12.
  • the natural straw layers 32 are then inserted with the free ends 16 of the natural straws 13 downward at an acute angle into the molding sand. 20, it is necessary that the anchoring ends 18 of all natural straws 13 protrude from the molding sand.
  • the carrier layer 11 which either consists exclusively of an anchoring layer which is flowable during the production phase 34, preferably formed from bitumen or a carrier layer 11 which is in the plastically deformable state, is poured or pressed onto the free anchoring ends 18 such that these are completely embedded in the carrier layer 11.
  • the finished roof covering element 10 is pulled out of the molding sand with a special gripping device.
  • FIG. 21 Another embodiment, not shown, of the device according to the invention has a shaping device 40 according to FIG. 21 with a profiled shaped plate 46 and a side wall 42 inclined at an acute angle.
  • a large number of holding pins 47 are arranged in parallel on the mold plate 46 in rows next to one another at an acute angle, preferably of 25 °.
  • the natural straws 13 are positioned either individually or as natural straw layers 32 in the shaping device 40 with the holding pins 47 such that the anchoring ends 18 protrude upward beyond the holding pins 47.
  • the carrier layer 11 is pressed in a plastically deformable state onto the anchoring ends 18 of the natural straws 13 resting with the free ends 16 on the form plate 46 such that all anchoring ends 18 are completely embedded in the carrier layer 11.
  • the component according to the invention can be used both as a roof element and as a wall cladding in an embodiment not shown here. This is particularly advantageous if, in addition to protection against the weather, noise protection is also to be guaranteed.
  • the described exemplary embodiments of the components according to the invention can be produced economically on an industrial scale.
  • the use of bituminous fabrics, textile fabrics made of natural fibers, e.g. made of jute, coconut, sisal, hemp etc., and natural straws 13 for the roof covering elements 10 according to the invention the increasing demand for an ecological design of components is taken into account.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are also suitable for producing roof covering elements with a covering layer made of plastic straws.
  • roof covering elements 10 from carrier layers 11, each cut to an appropriate size, is advantageous, but not essential. It is also possible to manufacture the roof covering elements 10 from a continuous carrier web and then to cut them accordingly. It should be noted in particular that the free edge regions 14, 15 required for the connection of the individual roof covering elements 10 to one another are present or are formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
EP92117368A 1991-10-11 1992-10-10 Elément de construction, en particulier élément de couverture en forme de plaque ou de bande et son dispositif de fabrication Withdrawn EP0546276A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9218259U DE9218259U1 (de) 1991-10-11 1992-10-10 Bauelement, insbesondere platten- oder bahnförmiges Dachabdeckungselement sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung desselben

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4133774 1991-10-11
DE4133774 1991-10-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0546276A1 true EP0546276A1 (fr) 1993-06-16

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EP92117368A Withdrawn EP0546276A1 (fr) 1991-10-11 1992-10-10 Elément de construction, en particulier élément de couverture en forme de plaque ou de bande et son dispositif de fabrication

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EP (1) EP0546276A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997014858A1 (fr) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Max Koschorrek Element de construction
NL1020005C2 (nl) 2002-02-19 2003-08-21 Johannes Lucas Seegers Bedekinrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan.
EP3701102A4 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2021-05-26 Doyle, Brendan Système de toiture en chaume

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2015904A1 (fr) * 1968-08-19 1970-04-30 Svenska Icopalfabriken Ab
GB1207825A (en) * 1966-11-09 1970-10-07 Kofa V K Fjellerup Hansen Improvements in or relating to a roof covering
FR2041353A5 (en) * 1969-04-22 1971-01-29 Koschorrek Max Tubular plastic roof covering assembly
FR2176311A6 (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-10-26 Btb Benoit Tapis Brosse Simulated thatch roofing - of long fibres part embedded in plastic substrate
DE2344961A1 (de) * 1973-09-06 1975-03-27 Leonhardt Van Hees Dachdeckung, insbesondere aus stroh, ried oder dergleichen
GB2039822A (en) * 1979-01-04 1980-08-20 Sidlaw Industries Ltd Thatched Roofing Panel
DE3220536A1 (de) * 1982-02-15 1983-08-25 Ulrich 4722 Ennigerloh Stollberg Dachelement zum herstellen von mit stroh, ried oder dergleichen eingedeckten daechern
DE3208460A1 (de) * 1982-03-09 1983-09-15 Franz 8013 Haar Kirchner Wasserabweisende und waermedaemmende fassadenverkleidung
FR2599071A1 (fr) * 1986-05-21 1987-11-27 Follet Serge Confection d'une nappe reguliere et continue de differentes pailles non brisees

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1207825A (en) * 1966-11-09 1970-10-07 Kofa V K Fjellerup Hansen Improvements in or relating to a roof covering
FR2015904A1 (fr) * 1968-08-19 1970-04-30 Svenska Icopalfabriken Ab
FR2041353A5 (en) * 1969-04-22 1971-01-29 Koschorrek Max Tubular plastic roof covering assembly
FR2176311A6 (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-10-26 Btb Benoit Tapis Brosse Simulated thatch roofing - of long fibres part embedded in plastic substrate
DE2344961A1 (de) * 1973-09-06 1975-03-27 Leonhardt Van Hees Dachdeckung, insbesondere aus stroh, ried oder dergleichen
GB2039822A (en) * 1979-01-04 1980-08-20 Sidlaw Industries Ltd Thatched Roofing Panel
DE3220536A1 (de) * 1982-02-15 1983-08-25 Ulrich 4722 Ennigerloh Stollberg Dachelement zum herstellen von mit stroh, ried oder dergleichen eingedeckten daechern
DE3208460A1 (de) * 1982-03-09 1983-09-15 Franz 8013 Haar Kirchner Wasserabweisende und waermedaemmende fassadenverkleidung
FR2599071A1 (fr) * 1986-05-21 1987-11-27 Follet Serge Confection d'une nappe reguliere et continue de differentes pailles non brisees

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997014858A1 (fr) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Max Koschorrek Element de construction
NL1020005C2 (nl) 2002-02-19 2003-08-21 Johannes Lucas Seegers Bedekinrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan.
EP3701102A4 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2021-05-26 Doyle, Brendan Système de toiture en chaume

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