EP0545471B1 - Method for fixing an anchor for anchoring earth-retaining walls, buildings, bank sheet-pilings, quay walls and the like - Google Patents
Method for fixing an anchor for anchoring earth-retaining walls, buildings, bank sheet-pilings, quay walls and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0545471B1 EP0545471B1 EP19920203641 EP92203641A EP0545471B1 EP 0545471 B1 EP0545471 B1 EP 0545471B1 EP 19920203641 EP19920203641 EP 19920203641 EP 92203641 A EP92203641 A EP 92203641A EP 0545471 B1 EP0545471 B1 EP 0545471B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- cable
- nut
- anchor
- walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
- E02D5/765—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor removable
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for fixing an anchor for anchoring earth-retaining walls, buildings, bank sheet-pilings, quay walls and the like, comprising: placing a steel tube at an angle in the ground, inserting an anchor rod or cable into the tube, placing cement grout in the bottom part of the tube and at the same time withdrawing the tube, subjecting the rod or cable to tensile stress after the cement anchoring element formed has set, and connecting the rod or cable to a plate or girder of the element to be anchored.
- Grouted anchors comprising a steel rod or bundle or wires, the bottom end of which is surrounded by hardened cement paste, are used to absorb tensile forces as disclosed in DE-A-2637676. They derive their ability to absorb tensile forces from the shear stresses between the cylindrical surface of the cement grout element and the earth surrounding it. Grouted anchors can be used both for temporary and for permanent structures. They do not mar the landscape, roads do not need to be broken up, and the presence of buildings is no obstacle. A drawback of grouted anchors fixed by known methods is, however, that they could impede the subsequent placing of driven piles or bored piles in the ground.
- the hardened cement paste anchoring element Even if the steel rod or cable could be removed, the hardened cement paste anchoring element with a length of between 3 and 8 metres constitutes an obstacle for piles subsequently being driven into the ground.
- This hardened cement paste anchoring element must contain steel compression bars to enable it to absorb high compressive stresses, and it is thus difficult to break.
- the object of the invention is to solve the abovementioned problem, and to this end the bottom end of the rod or cable has a screw connection with a nut provided with internal screw thread or semi-screw thread, a plastic pipe, connected to the nut or a part fixed thereto, is fitted around the rod or cable, and a number of cylinders of high-grade concrete are placed around the bottom part of the rod or cable enclosed by the plastic pipe, directly above the nut or the part fixed thereto.
- the concrete cylinders with a length of between 5 and 75 cm are made of high-grade concrete (high compressive strength), so that when the rod or cable is tensioned they can absorb a high compressive force, but when they come into contact with a pile the cylinders can be pressed away laterally in the ground without any problem.
- the relatively thin grout element connects to the concrete cylinders, the external surface of which has been made rough for good adhesion with the cement grout. In the event of contact with a sheet piling plank or pile to be driven into the ground, the grout casing can easily be broken up.
- the plastic pipe protects the steel rod or cable from water.
- an anti-corrosive lubricant can be placed inside the nut.
- Figure 1 illustrates the fixing of a grouted anchor according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a finished anchor construction
- Figure 3 shows the bottom part of the anchor before the cement grout is applied.
- Figure 4 shows the bottom part of the finished anchor after unscrewing and removal of the anchor rod.
- a sturdy steel tube 1 is placed at an angle in the ground, and a steel rod 2 provided with screw thread or semi-screw thread 3 along at least part of its length is then pushed into said tube and screwed with said screw thread into an internally threaded nut 4.
- a cover 5 is welded onto the outer end of the nut, in order to prevent water from penetrating into the nut.
- Welded onto the nut is also a sturdy ring 6, to which a plastic pipe 7, which encloses the steel rod 2 and blocks lateral access of water to the rod, is fixed.
- Separate cylinders 8 made of concrete with high compressive strength (for example, 80 N/mm2 cubic compressive strength) are stacked on the ring 6 over a length of 3 to 8 metres. The length of the rings is 5 to 75 cm.
- edges of the end faces of the cylinders In order to prevent the edges of the end faces of the cylinders from breaking apart when there is high compressive force on the cylinders, these edges can be bevelled.
- the rod 2 is placed under tensile stress and connected to a plate or girder of the element to be anchored, in which case the shear stress between the cylindrical surface of the grout element and the earth surrounding it provides the anchoring.
- the rod 2 can be unscrewed from the nut 4 and removed.
- the resulting situation can be seen in Figure 4. If the anchoring element comprising the nut 4, grout element 9, concrete cylinders 8 and plastic pipe 7 is touched by a driven pile, the relatively thin grout casing 9 will break easily, and the concrete cylinders 8 and the nut 4 can easily be pressed away as separate relatively small elements.
- the prefabricated cylinders 8 made of high-grade concrete can absorb great compressive stresses, and that the rod 2 can thus be brought to high pretension without problems, while as a result of the fact that the relatively small cylinders 8 are stacked loose on top of each other, after removal of the rod 2, the parts of the anchor remaining in the ground cannot give rise to problems when piles are being driven later.
- the cylinders 6 can be worked by known techniques on said surfaces.
Description
- The invention relates to a method for fixing an anchor for anchoring earth-retaining walls, buildings, bank sheet-pilings, quay walls and the like, comprising:
placing a steel tube at an angle in the ground,
inserting an anchor rod or cable into the tube,
placing cement grout in the bottom part of the tube and at the same time withdrawing the tube,
subjecting the rod or cable to tensile stress after the cement anchoring element formed has set, and
connecting the rod or cable to a plate or girder of the element to be anchored. - Grouted anchors comprising a steel rod or bundle or wires, the bottom end of which is surrounded by hardened cement paste, are used to absorb tensile forces as disclosed in DE-A-2637676. They derive their ability to absorb tensile forces from the shear stresses between the cylindrical surface of the cement grout element and the earth surrounding it. Grouted anchors can be used both for temporary and for permanent structures. They do not mar the landscape, roads do not need to be broken up, and the presence of buildings is no obstacle. A drawback of grouted anchors fixed by known methods is, however, that they could impede the subsequent placing of driven piles or bored piles in the ground. Even if the steel rod or cable could be removed, the hardened cement paste anchoring element with a length of between 3 and 8 metres constitutes an obstacle for piles subsequently being driven into the ground. This hardened cement paste anchoring element must contain steel compression bars to enable it to absorb high compressive stresses, and it is thus difficult to break.
- The object of the invention is to solve the abovementioned problem, and to this end the bottom end of the rod or cable has a screw connection with a nut provided with internal screw thread or semi-screw thread, a plastic pipe, connected to the nut or a part fixed thereto, is fitted around the rod or cable, and a number of cylinders of high-grade concrete are placed around the bottom part of the rod or cable enclosed by the plastic pipe, directly above the nut or the part fixed thereto.
- It is essential that the rod or cable can be removed by unscrewing and that the parts remaining in the ground are small enough to be pressed away by a sheet piling plank or pile to be driven into the ground. The concrete cylinders with a length of between 5 and 75 cm are made of high-grade concrete (high compressive strength), so that when the rod or cable is tensioned they can absorb a high compressive force, but when they come into contact with a pile the cylinders can be pressed away laterally in the ground without any problem. The relatively thin grout element connects to the concrete cylinders, the external surface of which has been made rough for good adhesion with the cement grout. In the event of contact with a sheet piling plank or pile to be driven into the ground, the grout casing can easily be broken up. The plastic pipe protects the steel rod or cable from water.
- In order to protect the screw connection between nut and rod or cable from corroding up, an anti-corrosive lubricant can be placed inside the nut.
- The invention will now be explained in greater detail with reference to the figures.
- Figure 1 illustrates the fixing of a grouted anchor according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a finished anchor construction.
- Figure 3 shows the bottom part of the anchor before the cement grout is applied.
- Figure 4 shows the bottom part of the finished anchor after unscrewing and removal of the anchor rod.
- It can be seen in the figures that for fixing a grouted anchor according to the invention a sturdy steel tube 1 is placed at an angle in the ground, and a
steel rod 2 provided with screw thread orsemi-screw thread 3 along at least part of its length is then pushed into said tube and screwed with said screw thread into an internally threadednut 4. Acover 5 is welded onto the outer end of the nut, in order to prevent water from penetrating into the nut. Welded onto the nut is also asturdy ring 6, to which aplastic pipe 7, which encloses thesteel rod 2 and blocks lateral access of water to the rod, is fixed.Separate cylinders 8 made of concrete with high compressive strength (for example, 80 N/mm² cubic compressive strength) are stacked on thering 6 over a length of 3 to 8 metres. The length of the rings is 5 to 75 cm. - In order to prevent the edges of the end faces of the cylinders from breaking apart when there is high compressive force on the cylinders, these edges can be bevelled.
- The space between the tube 1, on the one hand, and the
nut 4 and thecylinders 8, on the other, is finally filled under pressure withcement grout 9, while the steel tube 1 is withdrawn at the same time. - After the grout has set, the
rod 2 is placed under tensile stress and connected to a plate or girder of the element to be anchored, in which case the shear stress between the cylindrical surface of the grout element and the earth surrounding it provides the anchoring. - After the anchor has done its work, the
rod 2 can be unscrewed from thenut 4 and removed. The resulting situation can be seen in Figure 4. If the anchoring element comprising thenut 4,grout element 9,concrete cylinders 8 andplastic pipe 7 is touched by a driven pile, the relativelythin grout casing 9 will break easily, and theconcrete cylinders 8 and thenut 4 can easily be pressed away as separate relatively small elements. - It is essential for the idea of the invention that the
prefabricated cylinders 8 made of high-grade concrete can absorb great compressive stresses, and that therod 2 can thus be brought to high pretension without problems, while as a result of the fact that the relativelysmall cylinders 8 are stacked loose on top of each other, after removal of therod 2, the parts of the anchor remaining in the ground cannot give rise to problems when piles are being driven later. - An anti-corrosive lubricant will be placed inside the nut, so that
rod 2 can be unscrewed from the nut easily later on. - In order to ensure that the external surface of the
cylinders 6 is rough and adheres very well to thecement grout casing 9, thecylinders 6 can be worked by known techniques on said surfaces. - Various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
- Method for fixing an anchor for anchoring earth-retaining walls, buildings, bank sheet-pilings, quay walls and the like, comprising:
placing a steel tube (1) at an angle in the ground,
inserting an anchor rod or cable (2) into the tube,
placing cement grout (9) in the bottom part of the tube (1) and at the same time withdrawing the tube (1),
subjecting the rod or cable (2) to tensile stress after the cement anchoring element formed has set, and
connecting the rod or cable to a plate or girder of the element to be anchored,
characterised:
in that the bottom end of the rod or cable (2) has a screw connection with a nut (4) provided with internal screw thread or semi-screw thread (3),
in that a plastic pipe (7), connected to the nut (4) or a part fixed thereto, is fitted around the rod or cable (2), and
in that a number of cylinders of high-grade concrete (8) are placed around the bottom part of the rod or cable (2) enclosed by the plastic pipe (7), directly above the nut (4) or the part fixed thereto. - Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the length of the cylinders (8) is 5 to 75 cm.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that an anti-corrosive lubricant is placed inside the nut (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL9102004A NL9102004A (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1991-11-29 | METHOD FOR APPLYING AN ANCHOR FOR ANCHORING GROUND-EMPTYING WALLS, CONSTRUCTION WORKS, SHORTER BLOCKS, FRAME WALLS AND THE LIKE. |
| NL9102004 | 1991-11-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0545471A1 EP0545471A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| EP0545471B1 true EP0545471B1 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
Family
ID=19859981
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19920203641 Expired - Lifetime EP0545471B1 (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1992-11-25 | Method for fixing an anchor for anchoring earth-retaining walls, buildings, bank sheet-pilings, quay walls and the like |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0545471B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69203578T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0545471T3 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL9102004A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708948B1 (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-11-03 | Bouygues Sa | Method for facilitating the extraction of the reinforcement from a prestressed tie and corresponding tie. |
| EP1486617A1 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2004-12-15 | Dywidag-Systems International GmbH | Recoverable injection anchor |
| DE202010004381U1 (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2010-08-12 | Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh | Pressure tube and ground anchor made therefrom |
| CN105128154B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-01-18 | 崔景宽 | Thread-connection post-anchoring construction method and machining equipment |
| CN113512953A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-19 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Anchor cable construction auxiliary device and auxiliary method |
| CN113652968A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-16 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Anchor cable construction auxiliary equipment and anchor cable installation method |
| CN114561961A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-05-31 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | Foundation pit pile-anchor supporting system for reducing anchor cable penetration depth and construction method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2637676A1 (en) * | 1976-08-20 | 1978-02-23 | Stump Bohr Gmbh | Tension rod for building components in ground - has insulating material covered screw thread protecting it against corrosion |
-
1991
- 1991-11-29 NL NL9102004A patent/NL9102004A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-11-25 DE DE1992603578 patent/DE69203578T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-25 EP EP19920203641 patent/EP0545471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-25 DK DK92203641T patent/DK0545471T3/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69203578D1 (en) | 1995-08-24 |
| DK0545471T3 (en) | 1995-11-27 |
| DE69203578T2 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
| NL9102004A (en) | 1993-06-16 |
| EP0545471A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
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