Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
  • C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

• additives include anti-oxidants, anti ⁇ static agents, colorants, coupling agents, emulsifiers, flame retardants, foaming agents, fragrances, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, lubricants, mold-release agents, organic peroxides, plasticizers, polyurethane foam catalysts, pour- point modifiers, preservatives, silane coupling agents, slip and anti-blocking agents, smoke suppressants, ultraviolet (“UV”) stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, and so forth.
• additives include anti-oxidants, anti ⁇ static agents, colorants, coupling agents, emulsifiers, flame retardants, foaming agents, fragrances, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, lubricants, mold-release agents, organic peroxides, plasticizers, polyurethane foam catalysts, pour- point modifiers, preservatives, silane coupling agents, slip and anti-blocking agents, smoke suppressants, ultraviolet (“UV”) stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, and so forth.
• UV ultraviolet
• the present invention is directed to novel concentrated polymeric compositions, any one of which is particularly useful for uniformly dispersing a particular additive throughout a number of different plastic materials.
• the present invention is also directed to a method for manufacturing the novel concentrated polymeric composition, mentioned above, as well as to a method for utilizing the concentrated polymeric composition to uniformly disperse a particular additive throughout a number of different plastic materials.
• plastic articles o this type might include plastic cooking and eating utensils ⁇ and riinnerware, various plastics or elastomerics that are t b_ formed into toys for children, a wide assortment of outdoor recreational furniture, various plastics which are incorporated into the bodies of many of the motor vehicles currently seen on the road, and so forth.
• plastic articles are manufactur from a variety of well-known plastic materials or substance
• Certain well-known plastic materials or substances of these sorts can include aery1onitrile-butadiene-styrene (" ⁇ BS”) ; ethyl ne-vinyl acetate copolymer; fluorinated ethy ene-
• ⁇ BS aery1onitrile-butadiene-styrene
• ethyl ne-vinyl acetate copolymer fluorinated ethy ene-
• FEP propylene
• phenolic resin phenolic resin
• polyamide polybutylene terephthalate
• polycarbonates other polyester polyethylene terephthalate
• PMM ⁇ polymethyl methacrylate
• polyolefins such as polybutylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and so forth
• PS polystyrene
• PVC polyvinylidene resin
• S ⁇ N styrene-acrylonitri
• TFE tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer
• I r > is generally undesirable.
• Our novel polymeric concentrate comprises an additive ingredient and a polymeric carrier havinq a number-average oIem I r weiqht ("Mn") ranqinq between about 500 and about 20, 00.
• Our polymeric carrier is a polymer which comprises about 10 parts-by-weiqht to about 100 parts-by-weight of a first monomeric ingredient which can be represented by the following structure:
• our polymeric carrier further comprises about 0 parts-by-weight to about 30 parts-by-weight of a second monomeric ingredient s lected from the group consisting of an acid monomer, i _ polymerizabl half esters of dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, and combinations thereof; and about 0 parts-by- weiqht to about 70 parts-by-weight of a third monomeric inqredient that is capable of being free radical addition copoly eri ed with the first monomeric ingredient.
• Still other aspects or features of our invention are directed to methods for manufacturing the novel polymeric concentrate mentioned above as well as to methods for ut.il izinq the polymeric concentrate to uniformly disperse an additive throughout the bulk of a number of different plastic 5 m teri a 1 .
• the polymeric concentrates of our invention comprise distinct additive ingredient particles that are uniformly dispersed throughout the bulk of the
• polymeric concentrate of our present invention is generally useful for incorporation into a wide assortment of different plastic materials or substances, for purposes of producing a
• polymeric concentrate of our invention is especially useful, when incorporated into plastic materials that exhibit polarity.
• plastic materials that exhibit polarity.
• polar plastic materials which are suitable in this regard include but are not limited to halogenated vinylic polymers, polya ides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, and the styrenics.
• Halogenated vinylic polymers that are illustrative include polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”), polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidine chloride, and so forth.
• polystyrene resin Illustrative of one such polya ide is the family of polymers generically referred to as "nylon".
• nylon polymers
• nylon includes "NYLON 6", “NYLON 11”, “NYLON 12”, “NYLON 66”, and “NYLON 610", the structure of each of these being well-known to those skilled in the art. (See, for example, pages 433-437, of the "Textbook of Polymer Science", second edition, by Fred W. Bill eyer, Jr., published in 1971 by
• PC bisphen ⁇ l ⁇ polycarbonate
• polyesters include polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”) .
• Tllustrative polyurethanes that would be suitable for our invention include polyester or polyether urethanes that are based either on methyl diphenyl isocyanate (“MDI”) or on toluene diisocyante (“TDI”) , and so forth.
• MDI methyl diphenyl isocyanate
• TDI toluene diisocyante
• polyvinyl esters that would be suitable for our invention include polymethyl ethacrylate (“PMM ⁇ ”) and polyvinyl acetate.
• polyvinyl ethers that would be suitable for our invention include polyvinyl isobutyl ether, polyvinyl methyl ether, and so forth.
• styrenics includes but is not limited to polymers made from styrene monomer, polyacrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene (“ ⁇ BS”) , polystyrene (“PS”), styrene- acrylonitrile (“S ⁇ N”) copolymer, and styrene-butadi ne copolymer.
• styrene monomer includes but is not limi ed to vinylbenzene monomer, alpha-methylstyrene monomer, para- methylstyrene monomer, ort o-chlorostyrene monomer, Vert iary butyl tyrene monomer, allyl benzene, and various mixtures of these.
• the polymeric carrier of our invention has a number-average molecular weight (“Mn") that * ⁇ > rnnqps between about 500 and about 20,000.
• the polymeric concentrate (which comprises the polymeric carrier and the additive particles) is typically in the form of a non-liquid particle (or "solid") of desired particle size.
• the composition and molecular weight of the polymeric carrier are both so chosen as to enable the "solid" polymeric concentrate to readily be formed into any particular desired shape — such as powders, beads, cubes, flakes, or pellets — as would be appropriate for purposes of effectively and 5 efficiently incorporating our polymeric concentrate uniformly into a particular plastic material or substance.
• the "solid" concentrate must be capable of being shipped and handled, without undergoing undesirable changes n physical form.
• Tg glass-transition temperature
• the 5 polymeric carrier will have a Tg that may vary between about 20°C. (or less) up to about 180°C.
• the variation of the Tg of the polymeric carrier will be highly dependent upon such factors as the type and/or amount of additive that is to be dispersed, the shippinq-and-handling conditions to which the polymeric carrier is to be subjected, the various "transfer” conditions to which the polymeric carrier is subjected before incorporation into a particular plastic material or sr .stance, the various "storage” conditions to which the r ⁇ polymer carrier is subjected, and so forth.
• the polymeric concentrate of our present invention is, moreover, preferably dispersed throughout the polymeric or plastic material or substance, while the plastic material or substance is in a molten state, employing methods well-known 10 to those skilled in the art.
• the polymeric concentrate of our invention can thus readily be incorporated into the bulk of a wide assortment of different plastic materials, for producing a number of plastic articles including but not limited to various 1 r > automotive articles such as fenders, dashboards, and seats; a wide assortment of outdoor and indoor furniture; various commercial and home appliances and flooring tiles; cooking and eating utensils and dinnerware; various building and construction materials; a wide assortment of recreational and 0 sporting equipment; certain machine parts; computer keyboards and enclosures; a wide assortment of plastic containers of various shapes; various toys for children; and so forth.
• one aspect of our _ invention is directed to a novel polymeric concentrate comprising an additive ingredient dispersed throughout a polymeric carrier.
• the polymeric concentrate comprises about 10 weight percent to about B0 weight percent of the additive in ingredient and about 20 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the polymeric carrier.
• the polymeric concentrate comprises about 20 weight percent to about _o weight percent of the additive ingredient and about 20 weight percent to about _0 weight per j nt of the polymeric carrier.
• the polymeric concei.trate comprises about 30 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of the additive ingredient and about 40 weiqht percent to about 70 weight percent of the polymeric carrier.
• inorganic and organic pigments such as carbon black, metal powder, titaniu dioxide, iron, cadmium, chromium and zinc pigments, ferric hydrates, ultramarine blue, and other oxidic or sulfidic inorganic piqments as well as organic pigments such as azo-
• about 0.0001 parts-by-weight to about 10 l 1" ' parts-by-weight, preferably about 0.001 parts-by-weight. to about 9 parts-by-weight, and more preferably about 0.01 parts-by-weight to about 8 parts-by-weight of the polymeric color concentrate can readily be dispersed throughout 100 parts-by-weight of the plastic material or substance, to 0 produce a uniformly-colored plastic article or compound having various useful mechanical properties.
• plastic materials or substances are those which exhibit polarity.
• plastic substances aerylonitri le-butadiene-styrene (" ⁇ BS”); bisphenol ⁇ polycarbonate (“PC”); polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”) ; polymethyl methacry.late (“PMM ⁇ ”) ; polystyrene (“PS”) ;
• ⁇ BS aerylonitri le-butadiene-styrene
• PC bisphenol ⁇ polycarbonate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PMM ⁇ polymethyl methacry.late
• PS polystyrene
• polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”); and styrene-acrylonitrile (“S ⁇ N”) copolymer.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• S ⁇ N styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
• about 0.1 parts-by-weight to about 5 parts-by-weight of the polymeric color concentrate is dispersed throughout 100 parts-by-weight of such a "polar" plastic material or substance, to produce a uniformly-colored
• our polymeric carrier has a number-average molecular weiqht ("Mn") of between 500 and 20,000.
• Mn number-average molecular weiqht
• our polymeric carrier has an Mn of betw .no and 15,000. More preferably, our polymeric ca i r has an Mn of between 600 and 12,000. Sti ll mor° f ably, our polymeric carrier has an Mn of between 650 and ⁇ f _ .
• our polymeric carrier has an Mn 5 of hetv/oe n / n and 6,000.
• the polymeric, carrier is a polymer which comprises about 30 parts-by-w iqht to about 10 parts-by-w iqht of a "first monomeric inqredient".
• first monomeric inqredient a polymer which comprises about 30 parts-by-w iqht to about 10 parts-by-w iqht of a "first monomeric inqredient".
• first monomeric inqredient a polymer which comprises about 30 parts-by-w iqht to about 10 parts-by-w iqht of a "first monomeric inqredient".
• fi st monomeric inqredient may mean only in one inqredient. or may mean several, including combinations, any one of which can be represented by the following structur : n ⁇ 0
• R ? is either an lkoxyalkyl group, an a IkyI group, an lkyl aromatic group, an aromatic group, or a cycloalkyl group. More preferably, R. is an alkyl group. Most preferably, R is a methyl group.
• alkoxyalkyl groups for purposes of this aspec or feature of our invention include methoxyethy1., methoxymeth I, ethoxy hyl , ethoxymethy1 , butoxyethyl, butoxymethy1 , and so forth.
• Exemplary alkyl groups for purposes of our invention n include amyl, butyl, cetyl, decy1 , dodecyl, ethyl, 1-ethyl hexyl, 2-ef.hyl hexyl, he ⁇ yl, isoa yl, isobutyl, isopropyl, methyl, ootadeoenyl, octade yl, octyl, propyl , . ⁇ ec-butyl , ( rf -amyl, f f -butyl, and 1 , , 5-trimethy1hexy1.
• Preferred alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, butyl, and 2-ethyl hexyl.
• ⁇ r -> Exempl ry alkyl aromatic qroups for-purposes of our invention include tolyl and xy1y 1.
• Exem l ry aromatic qroups for purposes of our present invent ion include phonyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl .
• Exemplary ⁇ ycloalkyl qroups for purposes of our invention include cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclohexy.1.
• the first monomeric ingredient is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacry1ate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and combinations thereof.
• the polymeric carrier of our invention is a polymer which comprises about 0 parts-by- weight to about 30 parts-by-weight of a second monomeric ingredient selected from the group consisting of an acid 0 monomer, polymerizable half esters of dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, and combinations thereof.
• our polymeric carrier comprises at least about 0.0001 parts-by-weight up to about 29 parts-by-weight of the second monomeric inqredient. More preferably, the _ polymeric carrier of our invention comprises at least about
• the polymeric carrier of our invention comprises at least about 1.0 parts-by-weiqht up to about 15 parts-by-weiqht of the 0 second monomeric ingredient.
• Exemplary acid monomers, as well as polymerizable half esters and/or salts thereof, for purposes of our invention include alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxyl ic acid as well as monoesters of alpha, beta-eth lenically 5 unsaturated dicarboxylic acids.
• suitable acid monomers for purposes of our invention include but are not limited to acrylic acid, othacrylic acid, fumaric acid-monoethyl ester, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methacrylic o acid, fumaric acid-monomethyl ester, and methyl hydrogen ma 1 ate.
• Ethacrylic acid is structurally represented as
• Fumaric acid- onomethyI. ester is structurally represented as
• Methyl hydrogen maleate is structurally represented as
• Preferred acid monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, and combinations thereof.
• the polymeric carrier o our invention is a polymer which also comprises about 0 parts-by-wei ht to about 70 parts-by-weight of a third monomeric ingredient that is capable of being free radical addition copolymerized with the first monomeric ingredient.
• the third monomeric inqredient is preferably selected from the qroup consisting of acrylonitrile, an olefin, a vinyl amine, a vinyl aromatic, a vinyl ester, a vinyl ether, a vinyl halide, and so forth, and combinat ons thereof.
• the polymeric carrier comprises at least about 0.0001 parts-by-weight up to about _5 parts-by-weight of the third monomeric ingredient; more preferably, the polymeric carrier comprises at least about 0.001 parts-by- weiqht up to about .0 parts-by-weight of the third monomeric ingredient; and, still more preferably, the polymeric carrie of our invention comprises at least about 0.01 parts-by- weight up to about 50 parts-by-weight of the third monomeric ingredient. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polymeric carrier comprises about 0.1 parts-by-weight. up to about 50 parts-by-weight of the third monomeric ingredient.
• the polymeric carrier comprises about 10 parts-by-weight up to about 30 parts-by-weight of the th i rrl monomeric ingredient.
• r ⁇ Exemplary olefins for purposes of our invention include but are not limited to 1-hexene, 2-hexene, 3-hexene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene, propylene, ethylene, 1, 2-butadiene, 1, 3-butadiene, 1, 3 , 5-hexatriene, and combinations thereof.
• 10 Exemplary vinyl amines for purposes of our invention include but are not limited to vinyl carbazole ("N-vinyl carbazole”) , vinyl pyrrolidone ("N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone”) , and combinations thereof.
• Exemplary vinyl aromatics for purposes of our invention 15 include but are not limited to vinylbenzene, alpha- methylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, vinyl naphthalene, ally) benzene, para-chlorostyrene, and combinations thereof.
• Exemplary vinyl esters for purposes of our invention include but are not limited to vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, 0 vinyl butyrate, vinyl propionate, and combinations thereof.
• Exemplary vinyl ethers for purposes of our invention include but are not limited to methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, and so forth, as well as a vinyl ether wherein the alkyl portion has 5 up to about eighteen (18) carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
• Exemplary vinyl halides for purposes of our invention include but are not limited to vinyl bromide, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, and H) combinations thereof.
• the third monomeric ingredient is selected from the group consisting of vinyl benzene, alpha- ethylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, 1, 3-butadiene, vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof. 1 ⁇ Detailed Description C f Examples
• the molecular weight of the polymeric color carrier was determined via gel-permeation chromatography ("GPC") analytical, technigues, using s tetrahydrofuran as eluent and poly(styrene) standards.
• GPC gel-permeation chromatography
• the poly(styrene) standards utilized are more particularly characterized as having number-average molecular weight (“Mn") values of 2,250,000; 1,030,000;
• DSC differential scanning calorimetry
• DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
• SEM scanning electron microscopy
• blend films were cast from a solution of about 1 part-by-weight of the polymeric carrier and about 9 parts-by-weight of the polar plastic material, wherein the polymeric carrier and the polar plastic material were then both dissolved in about 500 parts-by- l ⁇ weight of a common solvent such as tetrahydrofuran ("THF”) or methylene chloride, to produce a solution.
• Blend films were prepared by drying the solution in an aluminum dish in a hood for about 24 hours to produce a film; and, thereafter, further drying the resultant films in a vacuum oven at a 0 temperature that ranged from about 50°C. to 70°C. for about 24 hours more.
• the 3-milligram film sample was then heated to a temperature that was about 50°C. above the Tg of the blend. 5
• the Tg of the blend was deemed by us to be the single lass-transition temperature of blend which comprised the 10 parts-by-weight of the polymeric carrier in the 90 parts-by- weight of the polar plastic material; and the term "blend" is thus understood to mean 10 parts-by-weight of the polymeric i carrier in 90 parts-by-weight of the polar plastic material.
• the 3-milligram film sample was maintained at such temperature for about ten (10) minutes to establish a so- called "melt-equilibrium" condition. The thus-molten specimen was rapidly quenched, by contact with a met l.
• ⁇ BS comprises particles of poly-1 , 3-butadiene dispersed throughout styrene-acrylonitrile ("S ⁇ N”) copolymer.
• Polymeric carrier No. 1 was prepared in accordance with methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,160 to Brand et al., at a reaction temperature of about 182°C. and at a 12-minute 0 residence time. More particularly, polymeric carrier No. 1 can be characterized as poly ethyl methacrylate ("PMM ⁇ ") homopolymer having a number-average molecular weight (“Mn") of about 5200, and a glass-transition temperature (“Tg”) of 84 degrees Celsius (“°C”) . 5 Polymeric color carrier No. 2 was also prepared in accordance with methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,160, at a reaction temperature of about 182°C. and at a 12-minute residence time. More particularly, polymeric carrier No. 2 can be characterized as a copolymer of 20 weight percent
• Polymeric carrier No. 2 had an Mn of about 5000, and a Tg of 78°C.
• Polymeric carrier No. 3 was also prepared in accordance with methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,160, at a 5 reaction temperature of about 182°C. and at a 12-minute residence time. More particularly, polymeric carrier No. 3 can be characterized as a terpolymer of 20 wt.-% S, 70 wt.-_ MM ⁇ and 10 wt.-- acrylic acid (" ⁇ ") . Polymeric carrier No. .3 had an Mn of about 3000 and a Tg of 78° C. The ⁇ BS utilized, commercially available under the "].
• Virginia had a dual Tg of 105°C. and 132°C.
• the PC utilized available under the " EX ⁇ N” brand from General Electric Co. of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, had an Mn of 26,600; an Mw of 48,600; and a Tg of 1.49°C.
• the PVC utilized available from ⁇ ldrich hemical Co., Inc., of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, had an Mn of 81,900; an Mw of
• T-907 had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.67, a Tg of 78°c, and a melting temperature of 230°C.
• the letter "M” is an indication that each of the above-described polymeric carriers was found to be miscible in the indicated polar plastic material, as determined via the DSC, DMA, and SEM analytical techniques mentioned above.
• PMM ⁇ as a so-called “universal" polymeric carrier, dependinq upon the Mn of the PMM ⁇ homopolymer, in a number of well-known "polar" plastic materials.
• the PMM ⁇ homopolymer identified above in Table I T as having an Mn of 5200, is polymeric carrier No. 1, discussed above. The remainder of the PMM ⁇ homopolymer that was not
• Young's Modulus presented in terms of mega Pascals ("MPa") , as well as strain-at-break were determined as fol lows.
• a commercially-available cutter was utilized for purposes of producing, from each such film, dogbone-shaped specimens for stress-strain testinq. In particular, each such specimen was pulled between the qrips of an 1NSIR0N (brand) machine, for purposes of obtaininq force-elonqation data. Young's modulus was then calculated, for each entry in Table III, from the initial slope of each such stress-strain curve.
• Example 2 Polymeric Color Concentrates Polymeric color concentrates, in accordance with the principles of our invention, were prepared by combining first 70 parts-by-weight and thereafter 50 parts-by-weight of polymeric carrier No. 2 initially with 30 parts-by-weight and thereafter with 50 parts-by-weight of a well-known pigment ingredient, namely phthalocyanine blue, using a commercial roll mill at a temperature of about 120°C.
• a well-known pigment ingredient namely phthalocyanine blue
• polymeric color concentrates also made in accordance with the principles of our invention, were prepared by combininq 70 parts-by-weiqht, 50 parts-by-weiqht and 40 parts-by-weight of polymeric carrier No. 3, respectively, with 30 parts-by-weight, 50 parts-by-weiqht, and 60 parts-by-weiqht of the above-named piqment inqredient, phthalocyanine blue.
• Example 4; Yet Another Color Concentrate Polymeric carrier No. 4 was also prepared in accordance with methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546, 160, at a reaction temperature of 185"C. and at a 12-minufe residence time. More particularly, polymeric carrier No. can be characterized as a tetrapoly er of 40 weight percent ("wt. _”) butyl acrylate (“B ⁇ ”), 30 wt.-. methyl methacrylate (“MM ⁇ ”) monomer, 20 wt.-% styrene (“S”) monomer, and 10 wt.- . acrylic acid (“ ⁇ ”) monomer.
• Polymeric carrier No. 5 can be characterized as a terpolymer of 70 weight percent (“wt.- ”) ethyl acrylate (“E ⁇ ”) monomer, 20 wt.-% styrene (“S”) monomer, and 10 wt.-% acrylic acid (“ ⁇ ”) monomer.
• Polymeric carrier No. 5 had a number-average molecular weight (“Mn”) of 6000 and a glass-transition temperature (“Tg”) or 38 degrees Cel ius (“°C”) .
• Mn number-average molecular weight
• Tg glass-transition temperature
• °C glass-transition temperature
• Fifty (50) parts-by-weight of the pigment ingredient mentioned above in connection with Example 3 was combined with fifty (50) parts-by-weight of polymeric carrier No. 5, using the above-noted roll mill at a temperature of 80°C. , for purposes of producing polymeric color concentrate No.
• Example 6 Yet Another Color Concentrate Polymeric carrier No. 6 was also prepared in accordance with methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,160, at a temperature of 188°C. and at a 12-minute residence time. More particularly, polymeric carrier No. 6 can be characterized as a tetrapolymer of 49 weight percent ("wt.- _") methyl methacrylate (“MM ⁇ ”) monomer, 21 wt.-. butyl acrylate (“B ⁇ ”) monomer, 20 wt.-% styrene (“S”) monomer, and 10 wt.-”. acrylic acid (“ ⁇ ”) monomer. Polymeric carrier No. 6 had a number-average molecular weight (“Mn”) of 5700 and a glass-transition temperature (“Tg”) of 63 degrees Celsius ( “°C. ”) .
• Mn number-average molecular weight
• Tg glass-transition temperature
• each one of the seven (7) above- 0 identified polar plastic materials was achieved by combining the indicated polymeric color concentrate with the indicated plastic material in a "BR ⁇ BENDER” (brand) mixer at a temperature of approximately 40°C. above the Tg of the indicated plastic material for 20-30 minutes.
• BR ⁇ BENDER brand
• 5 into 100 parts-by-weight of each such plastic material was added 2 parts-by-weight of white titanium dioxide (“TiO ⁇ ”) pigment and an effective amount of the indicated polymeric color concentrate to achieve a blue pigment concentration of 0.2 wt.-% in each thus-colored polar plastic material.
• TiO ⁇ white titanium dioxide

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  • 1991-08-02 FI FI930510A patent/FI930510A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
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