Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
  • C04B22/0013—Boron compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
  • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
  • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
  • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
  • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the invention relates to a frost protection lining for a traffic tunnel in cold regions with a layer of foamed thermoplastic and a fire protection layer.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a frost protection lining for traffic tunnels in cold regions which does not have these disadvantages.
• a further concern of the invention is to reduce the effort for the creation of generic frost protection linings.
• the invention solves this problem by means of a frost protection lining for traffic tunnels in cold regions with a layer of foamed thermoplastic and a fire protection layer, the fire protection layer consisting of an inorganic foam made of a silicon aluminate.
• the layer of foamed thermoplastic used in accordance with the invention serves primarily for thermal insulation in order to keep the temperature of the water emerging from the stable mountains above the freezing point. As far as water from the mountains penetrates into the space between the stable mountains and the layer of foamed thermoplastic, it can be drained off within this layer, e.g. B. in a sewage system.
• the foamed thermoplastic plastic is preferably cross-linked closed-cell polyethylene foam (e.g. TROCELLEN R , from Hommes Troisdorf AG). If a closed-cell foam is used, an additional seal may be dispensed with in the case of overlapping laying or butt-welded sheets or panels. However, a sealing membrane known per se can also be used between the stable mountains and the layer of foamed thermoplastic.
• cross-linked closed-cell polyethylene foam e.g. TROCELLEN R , from Hommes Troisdorf AG.
• an additional seal may be dispensed with in the case of overlapping laying or butt-welded sheets or panels.
• a sealing membrane known per se can also be used between the stable mountains and the layer of foamed thermoplastic.
• the fire protection layer made of an inorganic foam is produced from an inorganic, stone-forming component, a water-containing second component, which effects the hardening reaction of the stone-forming component in the alkaline range, and a foam-forming component. Fillers and reinforcing fibers can also be used.
• the stone-forming component and the hardener react with one another in a type of polycondensation with elimination of water, the exothermic chemical reaction taking place in the alkaline range.
• three-dimensional networks of silicon aluminates are formed which are zeolite-like or FeldsDat-like_ '"h and amorphous to partially crystalline.
• the foam has a density of 200 to 800 kg / m J , preferably from 300 to 600 kg / m 3 .
• the fire protection layer according to the invention has the primary task of protecting the underlying layer of foamed thermoplastic from the effects of a fire in the tunnel. Due to the relatively good thermal insulation properties of the protective window layer formed as an inorganic foam, the temperatures arising in the event of a fire are held back at least for a certain time of about 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the thickness of the fire protective layer.
• the fire protection layer according to the invention also has a load-bearing function, since the material used has sufficient strength and inherent rigidity to form a largely self-supporting inner shell.
• Schl i eßlich the fire protection Chic used in the invention such a low Thermal conductivity that the subsequent layer of thermoplastic foam can turn out correspondingly thinner.
• the inorganic stone-forming component used is preferably a solid which cures with an alkali silicate solution in an exothermic, inorganic reaction, preferably a reactive solid or a mixture of solids from the group
• V undissolved, amorphous SiO 2 in particular from an amorphous, disperse powder, dewatered or water-containing silica or from high-temperature processes (silica fume),
• TROLIT R solid Such reactive solid mixtures are sold by Hüls T Trrooiisdorf AG under the name TROLIT R solid.
• alkali silicate solution with 1.2 to 2.5 mol SiÜ2 per mol K2O and / or Na2Ü is preferably used as the water-containing second component (hardener) which effects the reaction with the stone-forming first component in the alkaline range.
• K2O is preferred over Na2 ⁇ .
• the alkali silicate solutions should contain an excess of alkali ("alkali alkali silicate solution").
• alkali silicate solutions can be produced by dissolving amorphous, disperse, powdered, water-containing silicic acid, the so-called precipitated silicic acid.
• a solution of the alkali metal hydroxides or solid alkali metal hydroxide is preferably reacted with the precipitated silica with the addition of water.
• precipitated silica amorphous SiO 2 from high-temperature processes (silica fume) can also be used.
• a mixture of a potash or soda water glass solution and approx. 50% by weight potassium hydroxide solution is particularly preferred, water-poor mixtures being desirable.
• a hardener is sold by Hüls Troisdorf AG under the name TROLIT R hardener.
• the molding composition according to the invention preferably additionally contains fillers such as fly ash, expanded clay, pearlite, mica, quartz flour, basalt flour, talc, foam glass or the like, or mixtures thereof, preferably in amounts of up to 400% by weight, in particular from 100 to 300 % By weight, in each case based on the stone-forming component.
• Fillers such as fly ash, expanded clay, pearlite, mica, quartz flour, basalt flour, talc, foam glass or the like, or mixtures thereof, preferably in amounts of up to 400% by weight, in particular from 100 to 300 % By weight, in each case based on the stone-forming component.
• Expanded clay in granular form with average dimensions of 1 to 4 mm in proportions of 50 to 200% by weight, based on the stone-forming component, and quartz sand in approximately the same amount are particularly preferred when the mass is foamed and cured in situ.
• the stone-forming component is preferably used in an amount of 0.4 to 4 parts by weight per part by weight of the alkali silicate solution.
• the foaming agents and their amounts are known from the prior art, on the one hand peroxides, preferably hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, sodium perborate and possibly further peroxides or agents which release oxygen or other gases in decomposition in comparatively large amounts are possible and on the other hand by Alkali-decomposable metal powder, such as aluminum in particular, can be added in comparatively small amounts.
• Hydrogen peroxide is preferably used as an approximately 10% by weight aqueous solution in amounts of up to approximately 7% by weight, based on the molding composition.
• the amounts of foaming agent required to achieve a desired density can be determined by simple experiments, it being noted that the foam does not collapse. In a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the layer of inorganic foam is applied in situ directly to the tunnel wall clad with the thermoplastic foam or to an armoring layer adjacent to it, in particular a wire mesh.
• a solid is preferably used as the foaming agent, in particular sodium perborate, which is mixed with the reactive solid in the dry state.
• a first embodiment of the invention is to An ⁇ the frost protection lining according to the invention bring initially, if necessary 'by applying an additional sealing sheet, a layer of 1 to 4 cm of cross-linked closed-cell polyethylene foam with a bulk density to 40 kg / m 3 by means of commercially available fastening means (Rock anchors with rondelles) attached to the stable mountains.
• the rock anchors penetrate the layer of polyethylene foam, with the penetration points preferably being sealed.
• the sheets or sheets of PE foam are preferably laid so that they overlap so that water emerging from the mountains is drained laterally into a sewage system. Since the water cannot build up pressure, an additional seal is not necessary.
• a wire mesh e.g. B. made of 0.5 mm thick wire with a mesh size of 30 mm.
• the subsequently molded molding compound made of reactive solid (stone-forming component), filler and hardener adheres to this wire mesh, foams up within a few minutes and hardens within about 20 to 60 minutes.
• the thickness of the fire protection layer applied in situ is preferably more than 50 mm with a density of 200 to 800 kg / m 3 .
• a waterproofing membrane for. B. from PVC soft or modified PE is provided, the waterproofing membranes can be installed in different ways. One installation option is that the sealing sheets are pressed against the anchors so that the anchors penetrate the sealing sheets. Plates are then provided as holders which sit on the anchor in a closing manner or permit tight sealing of the sealing sheets between them.
• a construction is particularly advantageous in which rock anchors are first introduced, which are provided with a plate-like plastic holder (e.g. in the form of a rondelle). The sealing sheets are then welded to this first holder. Subsequently, on the side of the sealing membrane opposite the first holder, a counterpart, e.g. B. welded in the form of a counter rondelle, which is provided with a rod, so that the rock bolt is extended to the wire mesh.
• the sealing sheets are laid overlapping in one case as in the other, so that the sealing sheets can be welded together in the overlap area.
• the layer of foamed thermoplastic plastic preferably has a thickness of 20 to 40 mm and the layer of inorganic foam has a thickness of 30 to 50 mm.
• the panels are fastened to the tunnel wall with fastening means known per se, the joints between the panels being able to be sealed so that water emerging from the rock can flow off to the side. Possibly.
• a conventional seal can be placed between the stable rock and the panels.
• the fire protection layer made of inorganic foam can optionally be provided with a wire mesh, for. B. from 0.5 mm thick wire with a mesh size of 30 mm.
• the fire protection layer can also be sealed toward the inside of the tunnel with a sealing slurry or with shotcrete.
• a shotcrete with steel fibers is particularly suitable.
• Figure 1 is an anti-freeze lining in a traffic tunnel
• a traffic tunnel has been made in a stable mountain range 1.
• Mountain anchors 2 are set at regular intervals in the mountains 1.
• the rock anchors consist of either threaded rods, which in the mountains 1 z. B. are kept with plastic resin.
• the rock anchors 2 have rondelles 3 on the tunnel side.
• the rondelles 3 are screwed on.
• the rims 3 are also held between screw nuts.
• the heads of the anchors 2 lie back in the rondelles 3 to such an extent that damage to moisture insulation 4 consisting of sealing sheets is excluded.
• the rondelles 3 are welded to the sealing sheets.
• the Martinezrondel ⁇ len 5 carry extension rods 10, so that the layer of foamed thermoplastic material 6 and a wire mesh 7 can be attached to apply the fire protection layer.
• cross-linked, closed-cell polyethylene foam with a bulk density of 30 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 3 cm is used as the layer of foamed thermoplastic 6.
• the PE foam is inserted in the form of sheets with external dimensions of 1.5 x 4 m. sets, whereby the panels can either be butted together or laid overlapping.
• the layer of inorganic foam is then sprayed onto the narrow-mesh wire fabric 7, which is at a distance of about 2 cm from the layer of PE foam.
• I 27 parts by weight of inorganic, stone-forming component finely divided, partially amorphous aluminosilicate with contents of amorphous silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, such as is produced as furnace filter dust in the manufacture of aluminum oxide (TROLIT R solid);
• reaction accelerators according to WO 89/05783 can also be added.
• the hardener (TROLIT R spray hardener) consists of
• the solid is conveyed with compressed air and the hardener with a piston pump continuously into a mixing chamber, mixed intimately there and sprayed directly onto the wire mesh 7 or the PE foam layer 6 with a high-pressure hose . There, the mixture foams up completely and hardens within about 30 minutes to form a solid inorganic foam layer 8 with a thickness of 60 mm and a density of 350 kg / on. A sealing slurry 9 can then be applied.
• Example 2 As in Example 1, the layer of thermoplastic foam 6 is first attached to anchors 2, but the sealing membrane 4 is omitted. The 3 mx 0.75 m large PE foam sheets with a thickness of 3 cm are laid overlapping. The side edges of the foam panels have bevels to achieve a smoother surface. Then, as in Example 1, layer 8 of inorganic foam is sprayed on.
• Example 3 A suitably cut section made of closed-cell PE foam with a bulk density of 30 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 30 mm is inserted into a mold with the dimensions 3 mx 0.75 mx 70 mm.
• the surface of the PE foam is roughened or provided with millings 5 mm deep in order to ensure better adhesion of the inorganic foam.
• a mixture of solid and hardener is poured onto the layer of PE foam as in Example 1 and foamed and cured in the mold to form a 40 mm thick layer.
• the inherently rigid panels produced in this way are then attached to the tunnel wall in a manner known per se. The spaces between the panels are sealed so that water escaping from the rock is drained away behind the panels. Possibly. the panels can have an outer frame made of metal or the like as reinforcement.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-08-09 DE DE19904025212 patent/DE4025212A1/de active Granted
• 1991
  • 1991-08-09 WO PCT/EP1991/001519 patent/WO1992002710A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-08-09 EP EP91914571A patent/EP0541681A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-08-09 JP JP3513488A patent/JPH06500372A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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