EP0540384A1 - Kühlvorrichtung für eine Mikrowellenröhre - Google Patents

Kühlvorrichtung für eine Mikrowellenröhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0540384A1
EP0540384A1 EP92402788A EP92402788A EP0540384A1 EP 0540384 A1 EP0540384 A1 EP 0540384A1 EP 92402788 A EP92402788 A EP 92402788A EP 92402788 A EP92402788 A EP 92402788A EP 0540384 A1 EP0540384 A1 EP 0540384A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
cooling device
thermal path
cold room
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92402788A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Henri Thomson-Csf Desmur
Robert Thomson-Csf Duret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP0540384A1 publication Critical patent/EP0540384A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/005—Cooling methods or arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/033—Collector cooling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to microwave tubes and more particularly to tubes with longitudinal interaction such as traveling wave tubes or klystrons. It can even apply to gyrotrons. Their operation is based on a change of energy between an electron beam and a microwave electromagnetic wave.
  • the electron beam is emitted in a cannon, through a cathode.
  • the barrel is placed at the entrance of a tubular interaction space.
  • the electron beam is long and thin, it traverses the interaction space.
  • a focusing device surrounds the interaction space and confines the beam electrons on desired trajectories.
  • a microwave electromagnetic wave is injected, it interacts with the electron beam and is amplified.
  • the amplified microwave electromagnetic wave is extracted by an appropriate device at the output of the interaction space.
  • the electron beam ends up in a collector placed at the exit of the interaction space.
  • the interaction space includes a microwave circuit which is generally either a helical delay line in the case of a traveling wave tube, or a succession of resonant cavities in the case of a klystron.
  • the interaction space is brought to a potential which is generally a mass.
  • the electron beam After having given up part of its energy to the microwave electromagnetic wave, the electron beam still has significant kinetic energy when it enters the collector.
  • the collector dissipates this energy in the form of heat.
  • the collector ', the barrel and the interaction space are united in a vacuum envelope which rests on a sole.
  • the sole creates a thermal path between the envelope and a part cooled by natural or forced convection, by circulation of a fluid or by radiation. The recooling. is done by thermal conduction thanks to the sole.
  • the collector being the part dissipating the most heat, it must be particularly well cooled.
  • the envelope, at the level of the collector is held in a clamp generally monobloc with the sole.
  • the efficiency of these tubes is relatively low and the energy of the electrons penetrating into the collector is greater than that of the microwave wave collected at the outlet of the tube.
  • a collector called "depressed”.
  • a depressed collector is brought to a potential intermediate between that of the cathode and that of the interaction space.
  • the collector may include one or more successive electrodes; when there are several, they are brought to decreasing potentials the further one moves away from the interaction space.
  • the collector then has several stages.
  • the use of a depressed collector contributes to increase the efficiency of the microwave tube and to reduce the difficulties encountered in removing heat. We manage to reduce the power dissipated in heat on the collector to a value close to the microwave power at the outlet of the tube.
  • the collector is formed by one or more electrodes, in the form of cups, pierced in their central part, isolated from the conductive envelope by dielectric rods.
  • a temperature difference of a few degrees centigrade may exist between the interior and exterior walls of the electrodes.
  • a difference of a few tens of degrees may exist between the face of the rods in contact with the electrodes and that in contact with the envelope.
  • a difference of a few hundred degrees may exist between the face of the sole in contact with the casing and that in contact with the cold room.
  • Another known solution for improving the cooling of the tube and in particular of the collector is to integrate heat pipes between the electrodes and the casing of the collector. But this solution leads to a heavy and bulky tube, the operation of which can be critical.
  • the present invention aims to improve the cooling of electron beam tubes, in particular their collector, without significantly increasing their size.
  • the present invention provides a cooling device for microwave tube comprising a thermal path placed on a cold room, the thermal path having a first surface in contact with a surface of the cold room and a surface in contact with an envelope of the tube.
  • the surface of the cold room and the first surface of the thermal path are respectively concave and convex, in order to increase the dimensions of the contact without increasing the size of the cooling device.
  • the concave and convex surfaces may be dihedrons respectively in hollow and projecting, the dihedrons having respectively the same angle.
  • the hollow dihedral can have a groove arranged at the intersection of its two planes.
  • the concave and convex surfaces can be polyhedral, at least partially superimposed, with at least three faces.
  • the concave and convex surfaces may each comprise at least one portion of cylindrical surface and be, at least partially superimposable.
  • the envelope can be partially or completely embedded in the thermal path.
  • the cold room can be cooled by circulation of a fluid or by convection or by radiation.
  • the microwave tube can be a tube of the family of klystrons, traveling wave tubes, gyrotrons ..
  • Figure la is an overview of a traveling wave tube according to the prior art.
  • Figure 1b is a side view, towards the collector of the same tube.
  • the tube comprises a barrel 1 emitting electrons, an interaction space 2 inside which the electrons interact and a microwave wave, and a collector 3 collecting the electrons.
  • the microwave wave is injected at an input connection 4 and extracted at an output connection 5.
  • the barrel 1, the interaction space 2 and the collector 3 are combined in a conductive envelope 6 in the shape of a cylinder of revolution.
  • the casing 6 rests on a sole 7 which serves as a thermal path between the tube and a cold part 8.
  • the sole 7 and the cold part 8 contribute to forming a device for cooling the tube.
  • the sole 7 has an element 9, in the form of a clamp, which encloses the envelope 6 at the level of the collector 3.
  • the collector 3 is the part of the tube which dissipates the greatest amount of heat. This heat must be particularly well removed. The heat produced by the rest of the tube is less, but it must still be removed, to reduce the risk of deformation due to thermal expansion.
  • the clip-shaped element 9 is split along a generatrix of the envelope 6 to allow the introduction of the latter. Tightening can be achieved using a screw system 15, for example.
  • the cold room 8 is cooled by circulation of a fluid. It comprises two channels 10 for circulation of the fluid. It could be cooled by other means, for example by natural or forced convection or by radiation.
  • the sole 7 is a plate with planar faces, substantially parallel, the cold part 8 also.
  • the sole 7 has a first face 12 in contact with the casing 6 of the tube and a second face 13, opposite the first 12, in contact with one of the faces 14 of the cold room 8.
  • FIG. 2a represents a microwave tube and its cooling device according to the invention.
  • the tube shown is a traveling wave tube as in Figures 1a and 1b.
  • Figure 2b is a cross section of the traveling wave tubes made at the collector.
  • the barrel 1 As before, we find the barrel 1, the interaction space 2 and the collector 3 united in the envelope 6 with a conductive vacuum.
  • the input connection bears the reference 4 and the output connection the reference 5.
  • the current supply wires of the barrel 1 and of the collector 3 bear the reference 11.
  • cooling device essentially comprising a thermal path 20 placed on a cold room 22.
  • the envelope 6 rests on the thermal path 20, in the form of a sole, having a first surface 21 in contact with the envelope 6 of the tube and a second surface 23 in contact with a surface 24 of the cold room 22. But now the contact surfaces 23, 24 between the thermal path 20 and the cold room 22 are respectively convex and concave.
  • the convex surface 23 of the thermal path 20 is a projecting dihedral and the concave surface 24 of the cold room 22 is a hollow dihedron.
  • the cold room 22 is provided with channels 10 for circulation of a fluid.
  • the two dihedrons have substantially the same angle at the top and this angle can advantageously be between 60 ° and 130 ° depending on the dimensions of the tube and the space available.
  • the envelope 6 of the tube, at the level of the collector 3 is enclosed in an element 9 in the form of a clamp.
  • This element 9 is comparable to that shown in Figures 1a and 1b.
  • This element 9 is preferably in one piece with the thermal path 20 to avoid increasing the thermal resistance of said path. It could well be envisaged that the element 9 is attached to the thermal path 20 by any suitable means.
  • the dimensions of the groove 25 are typically of the order of magnitude of a millimeter.
  • the contacting surfaces instead of being dihedral can be polyhedral with at least three faces. They may also each comprise at least one portion of cylindrical surface. They are at least partially stackable.
  • the concave surface 24 of the cold room 22 and the convex surface 23 of the thermal path 20 each have three faces in contact, in FIG. 4 they have five.
  • these two surfaces are portions of cylindrical surface of revolution with circular base, with substantially the same radius.
  • the cooling device it is possible to at least partially embed the envelope of the tube in the thermal path.
  • the distance between the envelope of the tube and the cold room is then significantly reduced and the contact surface between the envelope and the thermal path is increased.
  • This variant is shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5.
  • the casing 6 is partially embedded in the thermal path 20.
  • FIGS 6a and 6b illustrate this embodiment.
  • the envelope 6 of the tube is completely embedded in a thermal path 30.
  • This thermal path 30 comprises a convex surface 31, in the form of a dihedron, in contact with the concave surface 34 of the cold room 32.
  • the thermal path 30 generally has the shape of a split sheath along one of its generatrices.
  • the slot allows the introduction of the envelope 6.
  • Clamping means (not shown) are provided so that the envelope 6 is clamped in the thermal path 30.
  • This variant makes it possible, on the one hand, to considerably increase the contact surfaces between the thermal path 30 and the envelope and, on the other hand, to reduce the distance between the envelope 6 and the part. cold 32, if the envelope 6 is properly placed inside the thermal path 30. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the cold room 32 is cooled by natural convection or else by radiation.
  • the envelope of the tube will advantageously be made entirely or by parts of copper or steel or an alloy of these metals while the thermal path and the cold room will be made of a material which is a good conductor of heat and electricity, aluminum or aluminum alloy for example.
  • the cooling device according to the invention can be used in tubes of the family of traveling waves tubes, of the family of klystrons and even of the family of gyrotrons.

Landscapes

  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP92402788A 1991-10-25 1992-10-13 Kühlvorrichtung für eine Mikrowellenröhre Withdrawn EP0540384A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113216A FR2683091A1 (fr) 1991-10-25 1991-10-25 Dispositif de refroidissement ameliore pour tube hyperfrequence.
FR9113216 1991-10-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0540384A1 true EP0540384A1 (de) 1993-05-05

Family

ID=9418333

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92402788A Withdrawn EP0540384A1 (de) 1991-10-25 1992-10-13 Kühlvorrichtung für eine Mikrowellenröhre

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5334907A (de)
EP (1) EP0540384A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2683091A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011120995A1 (fr) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant comportant un ecran, une boucle fluide et un radiateur à haute temperature
WO2020043563A1 (de) * 2018-08-29 2020-03-05 Thales Deutschland GmbH Electron Devices Kühlanordnung für wanderfeldröhren

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5649310A (en) * 1994-06-15 1997-07-15 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Signal translation and amplification system including a thermal radiation panel coupled thereto
DE19818144C1 (de) * 1998-04-23 2000-02-24 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Gm Lauffeldröhrenanordnung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2533364A1 (fr) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-23 Thomson Csf Dispositif de repartition de la chaleur pour composants electroniques du type comportant au moins un element chaud et un element froid tels que les tubes a ondes progressives et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif
EP0361047A2 (de) * 1988-09-30 1990-04-04 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Wanderfeldröhre

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845474A (en) * 1952-03-17 1958-07-29 North American Aviation Inc Tube shielding
US2715518A (en) * 1953-01-08 1955-08-16 Stewart Warner Corp Heat conducting shock mount
US3274429A (en) * 1963-03-18 1966-09-20 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device with heat dissipation means
US3398315A (en) * 1965-08-19 1968-08-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp A traveling wavetube with improved thermal and magnetic circuitry
US3876901A (en) * 1973-12-03 1975-04-08 Varian Associates Microwave beam tube having an improved fluid cooled main body
JPS6055949B2 (ja) * 1978-04-27 1985-12-07 日本電気株式会社 多段コレクタ形電子ビ−ム管
FR2532109A1 (fr) * 1982-08-20 1984-02-24 Thomson Csf Tube a onde progressive comportant des moyens de suppression des oscillations parasites
FR2561039B1 (fr) * 1984-03-09 1987-04-03 Thomson Csf Canon a electrons pour tube electronique
FR2634054B1 (fr) * 1988-07-05 1996-02-09 Thomson Csf Cathode pour emission d'electrons et tube electronique comprenant une telle cathode
FR2644286A1 (fr) * 1989-03-07 1990-09-14 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Generateur de faisceau d'electrons et dispositifs electroniques utilisant un tel generateur

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2533364A1 (fr) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-23 Thomson Csf Dispositif de repartition de la chaleur pour composants electroniques du type comportant au moins un element chaud et un element froid tels que les tubes a ondes progressives et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif
EP0361047A2 (de) * 1988-09-30 1990-04-04 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Wanderfeldröhre

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 4, no. 1 (E-163)8 January 1980 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011120995A1 (fr) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant comportant un ecran, une boucle fluide et un radiateur à haute temperature
FR2958448A1 (fr) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-07 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant comportant un ecran, une boucle fluide et un radiateur a haute temperature
WO2020043563A1 (de) * 2018-08-29 2020-03-05 Thales Deutschland GmbH Electron Devices Kühlanordnung für wanderfeldröhren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2683091A1 (fr) 1993-04-30
US5334907A (en) 1994-08-02

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