EP0376827A1 - Elektronenstrahlröhre, teilweise durch direkte Abstrahlung abgekühlt - Google Patents

Elektronenstrahlröhre, teilweise durch direkte Abstrahlung abgekühlt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376827A1
EP0376827A1 EP89403626A EP89403626A EP0376827A1 EP 0376827 A1 EP0376827 A1 EP 0376827A1 EP 89403626 A EP89403626 A EP 89403626A EP 89403626 A EP89403626 A EP 89403626A EP 0376827 A1 EP0376827 A1 EP 0376827A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fins
collector
electron beam
beam tube
electron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89403626A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Pelletier
Dominique Henry
Henri Desmur
Marc Bizet
Jean-Claude Bedu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP0376827A1 publication Critical patent/EP0376827A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/033—Collector cooling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron beam tubes of the type with longitudinal interaction or cross fields used in particular in space.
  • This invention applies more particularly to traveling wave tubes or klystrons which are frequently used on board telecommunication or television broadcasting satellites, where they serve as power amplifiers. For the satellite, they represent the main source of heat dissipation.
  • traveling wave tubes used on broadcast satellites represent a heat source of approximately 100 watts.
  • One third of this power is dissipated by the cannon-line assembly and the remaining two thirds are dissipated by the collector.
  • the power of the traveling wave tube is dissipated by conduction on a panel fixed to the satellite, radiating in space vacuum.
  • This panel has a temperature close to the terrestrial ambient temperature, that is to say of the order of 300 ° K. In this case, to dissipate a hundred watts, an area of approximately 0.3 m2 is necessary. It is a large area.
  • the collector can operate at high temperature and can radiate directly without the intermediary of a radiant panel.
  • the collector of a traveling wave tube has one or more electrodes surrounded by a cylinder-shaped metal wall. The electrodes are in thermal contact with the wall. If there are several electrodes, they are brought to different voltages adapted to the speed dispersion of the electrons in the beam.
  • This cylinder is generally made of stainless steel or copper.
  • the collector wall For the collector wall to radiate directly, its temperature must be increased. However, the collector must have a sufficient external surface and for this it is necessary to increase its dimensions and therefore its mass.
  • the outer wall of the alumina collector is generally covered so that it comes as close as possible to a black body.
  • the manufacturer must make special collectors for tubes for space use. These collectors are larger than the collectors of tubes having the same characteristics and which operate in an atmosphere at atmospheric pressure.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing an electron beam tube whose collector or electron collecting anode dissipate by direct radiation the thermal power to be discharged onto a cold source at low temperature, especially in space vacuum .
  • the invention provides an electron beam tube of the type with longitudinal interaction or with crossed fields comprising a collector or an electron collecting anode, substantially in the shape of a cylinder, with a longitudinal axis YY ′ characterized in that the outer wall collector or collector anode comprises fins oriented substantially radially with respect to the axis YY ′, some of these fins being arranged substantially parallel to the axis YY ′, the others being arranged substantially transversely to the axis YY ′, all the fins allowing the cooling of the collector or collector anode by direct radiation on a cold source at low temperature.
  • heat pipes are integral with the fins so as to decrease and standardize the temperature of the fins.
  • the fins are made of a metal or a light alloy.
  • FIG. 1 represents a collector 1 of traveling wave tube of substantially cylindrical external shape, of longitudinal axis YY ′.
  • the purpose of the collector of a traveling wave tube is to collect an electron beam produced by a cannon and circulating in a tunnel.
  • the collector is arranged at the exit of the tunnel substantially in the axis of the electron beam.
  • the collector 1 consists of one or more electrodes, not shown, surrounded by a metal wall 3, generally cylindrical. When there are several electrodes, they are brought to different potentials adapted to the speed dispersion of the electron beam. They are intended to distribute the impacts of electrons in a homogeneous way along the collector.
  • the outer wall 3 of the manifold 1 has a plurality of fins 4.
  • the wall 3 is produced from a metal part 2 in the form of a hollow cylinder , coaxial with the collector 1.
  • n fins 4 have been fixed.
  • the part 2 will preferably be the outer wall of a conventional collector of traveling wave tube.
  • This metallic part 2 is made of stainless steel or copper for example.
  • the fins 4 are substantially parallel to the axis YY ′ and are oriented radially with respect to this axis. Two consecutive fins 4 delimit a cavity 5 open towards the outside.
  • the fins 4 are made of a metal or a light alloy: an anodized aluminum alloy for example.
  • the fins 4, of rectangular shape for example are fixed to the metal part 2 by a side 6, in the figure it is a long side of the rectangle. They are fixed by welding, soldering, shrinking or any other means known to those skilled in the art.
  • the reference 7 indicates the side opposite to the side 6. The side 7 of each fin 4 is free.
  • the wall 3 of the manifold be directly produced with fins, by molding for example.
  • the number n of fins 4 is greater than or equal to two. But we notice that the radiated power varies in the same direction than the number of fins 4.
  • the collector 1 has an outer wall 3 defining cavities 5. Its equivalent emissivity is much higher than the emissivity of the material used. The collector 1 tends to behave like an artificial black body.
  • the fins 4 have two roles. They are used to transport the heat flow from the electrodes to the free side 7 of each fin 4. Their two main surfaces are radiative surfaces.
  • FIG. 1 shows fins 4 having a triangular cross section 8. This section 8 allows a better distribution of the temperature throughout the height d of each fin 4. This shape is easily achievable.
  • the dimensions of the fins 4 must be calculated, taking into account the power to be dissipated so that their average temperature is less than around 500 ° K. When one moves along the height d of a fin 4 between the side 6 and the side 7 the temperature gradually decreases.
  • This collector 1 dissipates thermal power also by natural convection and radiation if the traveling wave tube is placed in an atmosphere at atmospheric pressure.
  • the still radial fins could have been arranged substantially transversely to the axis YY ′ of the manifold. This variant would have given similar results from the point of view of dissipated power and emissivity.
  • the reference 20 designates a collector of traveling wave tube of longitudinal axis YY ′. It has the shape of a cylinder. It has a or several electrodes not shown, surrounded by an outer metal wall 22.
  • the outer wall 22 includes a plurality of fins 23, 24.
  • the wall 22 is produced as in FIG. 1 from a metal part 21 in the form of a hollow cylinder, coaxial with the manifold. At the periphery of this part 21 is fixed, preferably uniformly, a plurality of fins 23,24.
  • the fins 23 are arranged parallel to the axis YY ′ while the fins 24 are arranged substantially transversely to the axis YY ′.
  • the fins 23, 24 are oriented radially with respect to the axis YY ′.
  • This collector 20 has an emissivity greater than that of the collector described in FIG. 1, thanks to the greater number of cavities. By increasing the number of cavities this makes it possible either to increase the dissipated thermal power or to decrease the average temperature of the fins 23, 24.
  • FIG. 3 represents another variant of a collector 30 of a traveling wave tube.
  • This collector 30 is comparable to the collector 20 of FIG. 2. It has an outer wall 32 which has a plurality of fins 33, 34.
  • This wall 32 surrounds one or more electrodes, not shown.
  • This wall 32 is produced from a metal part 31 in the form of a hollow cylinder, coaxial with the manifold 30.
  • a plurality of fins 33, 34 have been fixed uniformly.
  • the fins 33 are substantially parallel to the axis YY ′, while the fins 34 are substantially transverse to the axis YY ′.
  • the fins 33, 34 are oriented radially with respect to the axis YY ′.
  • the reference 35 designates a cavity open towards the outside delimited by two fins 33 consecutive and two fins 34 consecutive.
  • heat pipes 36 have been added to the fins 33, 34.
  • they are placed radially by relative to the axis YY ′ of the manifold 30, at the intersection between a fin 33 and a fin 34. They could have been placed, still radially to the axis of the manifold 30 but on a single fin 33 or 34. They are fixed to the fins 33, 34 by welding or any other known means. They can even be integrated into the thickness of the fins 33, 34.
  • a heat pipe is a closed circuit device generally in the form of a tube containing a liquid which evaporates then condenses.
  • the boiling temperature of the liquid used in the heat pipes will be slightly lower than the maximum temperature of the fins 33,34.
  • the number of heat pipes 36 is a function of the power to be dissipated. They make it possible to standardize the temperature of the fins 33, 34, to lower the maximum temperature and consequently also to lower the average temperature.
  • Tests have been carried out with a traveling wave tube delivering a microwave power of 130 watts, equipped with a collector whose outer wall has 8 fins in accordance with the invention. This tube is placed under vacuum. In operation, the total power to be dissipated is 110 W. It is distributed as follows: - 38 W dissipated by the cannon-line assembly by conduction; - 72 W dissipated by the collector by radiation.
  • the average temperature of the fins is 438 ° K.
  • a traveling wave tube of the same power equipped with a conduction cooling device both for the barrel-line assembly and for the collector, has a mass of 900 grams.
  • the total power of 110 W must be dissipated by conduction.
  • the same tube equipped with a direct radiating collector according to the known art has a mass of 2800 grams.
  • the same tube equipped with a collector according to the invention has a mass of 1150 grams.
  • the mass gain of this latter tube compared to the tube fitted with a radiating manifold directly, according to known art, is appreciable.
  • the increase in mass of the tube according to the invention compared to the tube cooled by conduction is largely offset by the gain on dissipation.
  • the collectors that have just been described are easily produced from the collectors of conventional traveling wave tubes which have not undergone any modification. Just attach fins.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described in particular with regard to the geometry of the external wall of the collector.
  • the invention is not limited to traveling wave tubes. All collectors of longitudinally interacting tubes can have a manifold whose outer wall defines cavities open to the outside.
  • the invention also applies to cross-field tubes.
  • the electron collecting anode has an outer wall which defines a plurality of cavities open towards the outside, the electron collecting anode having a substantially cylindrical shape.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP89403626A 1988-12-30 1989-12-22 Elektronenstrahlröhre, teilweise durch direkte Abstrahlung abgekühlt Withdrawn EP0376827A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817487A FR2641414A1 (fr) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Tube a faisceau d'electrons refroidi partiellement par rayonnement direct
FR8817487 1988-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0376827A1 true EP0376827A1 (de) 1990-07-04

Family

ID=9373624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89403626A Withdrawn EP0376827A1 (de) 1988-12-30 1989-12-22 Elektronenstrahlröhre, teilweise durch direkte Abstrahlung abgekühlt

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0376827A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02226640A (de)
FR (1) FR2641414A1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4109664A1 (de) * 1991-03-23 1992-09-24 Licentia Gmbh Elektronenstrahlroehre
GB2266989A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-11-17 Eev Ltd Cooling magnetrons
GB2274542A (en) * 1993-01-26 1994-07-27 Matra Marconi Space France Satellite mounted travelling-wave tube
EP0831513A1 (de) * 1996-09-19 1998-03-25 Nec Corporation Emittierende Heizungsradiatoranordnung
EP0867910A1 (de) * 1995-10-06 1998-09-30 Nec Corporation Kollektorstruktur für eine Wanderfeldröhre
WO2011110555A1 (fr) 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Astrium Sas Ecran rayonnant pour tube a collecteur rayonnant
WO2011120995A1 (fr) 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant comportant un ecran, une boucle fluide et un radiateur à haute temperature
WO2011120981A1 (fr) 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant
EP2420448A1 (de) 2010-08-20 2012-02-22 Astrium SAS Absorbierende Kuppel für ein Elektronenstrahlrohr

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2958797A (en) * 1959-04-24 1960-11-01 Eitel Mccullough Inc Detachable cooler for electron tubes
FR1316660A (fr) * 1961-12-21 1963-02-01 Lignes Telegraph Telephon Matériaux pour charges absorbantes pour terminaisons de guides d'ondes pour ultrahautes fréquences
US3448313A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-06-03 Varian Associates Efficient radiation cooled beam collector for linear beam devices
FR1582287A (de) * 1967-09-07 1969-09-26
FR2533364A1 (fr) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-23 Thomson Csf Dispositif de repartition de la chaleur pour composants electroniques du type comportant au moins un element chaud et un element froid tels que les tubes a ondes progressives et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2958797A (en) * 1959-04-24 1960-11-01 Eitel Mccullough Inc Detachable cooler for electron tubes
FR1316660A (fr) * 1961-12-21 1963-02-01 Lignes Telegraph Telephon Matériaux pour charges absorbantes pour terminaisons de guides d'ondes pour ultrahautes fréquences
US3448313A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-06-03 Varian Associates Efficient radiation cooled beam collector for linear beam devices
FR1582287A (de) * 1967-09-07 1969-09-26
FR2533364A1 (fr) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-23 Thomson Csf Dispositif de repartition de la chaleur pour composants electroniques du type comportant au moins un element chaud et un element froid tels que les tubes a ondes progressives et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
R. CHAMPEIX: "Physique et technique des tubes électroniques", vol. 1; "Eléments de technique du vide", 1958, pages 9-12, Dunod, Paris, FR *
RUNDFUNKTECHNISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, vol. 15, no. 4, août 1971, pages 141-148, Hamburg, DE; H. SEUNIK: "Leistungsröhren für Fernsehrundfunksatelliten" *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4109664A1 (de) * 1991-03-23 1992-09-24 Licentia Gmbh Elektronenstrahlroehre
EP0505862A2 (de) * 1991-03-23 1992-09-30 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Elektronenstrahlröhre
EP0505862A3 (en) * 1991-03-23 1992-12-23 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Electron beam tube
DE4109664C2 (de) * 1991-03-23 2000-06-08 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Gm Elektronenstrahlröhre
GB2266989A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-11-17 Eev Ltd Cooling magnetrons
GB2274542A (en) * 1993-01-26 1994-07-27 Matra Marconi Space France Satellite mounted travelling-wave tube
GB2274542B (en) * 1993-01-26 1996-08-14 Matra Marconi Space France Sa A device for cooling a satellite-mounted travelling-wave tube
US5929566A (en) * 1995-10-06 1999-07-27 Nec Corporation Collector structure for a travelling-wave tube having oxide film on cooling fins
EP0867910A1 (de) * 1995-10-06 1998-09-30 Nec Corporation Kollektorstruktur für eine Wanderfeldröhre
US5990600A (en) * 1996-09-19 1999-11-23 Nec Corporation Emissive heat radiator with semi-cylindrical heat radiating member
EP0831513A1 (de) * 1996-09-19 1998-03-25 Nec Corporation Emittierende Heizungsradiatoranordnung
WO2011110555A1 (fr) 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Astrium Sas Ecran rayonnant pour tube a collecteur rayonnant
WO2011120995A1 (fr) 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant comportant un ecran, une boucle fluide et un radiateur à haute temperature
WO2011120981A1 (fr) 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Astrium Sas Dispositif de controle thermique d'un tube a collecteur rayonnant
EP2420448A1 (de) 2010-08-20 2012-02-22 Astrium SAS Absorbierende Kuppel für ein Elektronenstrahlrohr
FR2963981A1 (fr) * 2010-08-20 2012-02-24 Astrium Sas Coupole absorbante pour tube a collecteur rayonnant
US9038960B2 (en) 2010-08-20 2015-05-26 Airbus Defence And Space Sas Absorbent dome for a radiating collector tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2641414A1 (fr) 1990-07-06
JPH02226640A (ja) 1990-09-10

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