EP0537109A2 - Emballage en forme de sac - Google Patents

Emballage en forme de sac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537109A2
EP0537109A2 EP92810706A EP92810706A EP0537109A2 EP 0537109 A2 EP0537109 A2 EP 0537109A2 EP 92810706 A EP92810706 A EP 92810706A EP 92810706 A EP92810706 A EP 92810706A EP 0537109 A2 EP0537109 A2 EP 0537109A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bag
layer
tear
plastic film
jacket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92810706A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0537109A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Schindler
Andreas Christel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd filed Critical Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
Publication of EP0537109A2 publication Critical patent/EP0537109A2/fr
Publication of EP0537109A3 publication Critical patent/EP0537109A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/22—Details
    • B65D77/225—Pressure relief-valves incorporated in a container wall, e.g. valves comprising at least one elastic element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/52—Details
    • B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
    • B65D75/5855—Peelable seals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
    • B65D81/3446—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D81/3461—Flexible containers, e.g. bags, pouches, envelopes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3463—Means for applying microwave reactive material to the package
    • B65D2581/3466—Microwave reactive material applied by vacuum, sputter or vapor deposition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3472—Aluminium or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3477—Iron or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3481—Silicon or oxides thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3486—Dielectric characteristics of microwave reactive packaging
    • B65D2581/3494—Microwave susceptor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bag packaging for filling materials which can be heated by microwave treatment, comprising a jacket part or a jacket and a bottom part, made of flexible plastic film, the front and back of the jacket part and the bottom part which may be present being connected to one another by sealing seams.
  • bags and in particular stand-up bags made of thermoplastic or composite material consisting of two side walls with a folded bottom or two separate side walls and a third pre-folded bottom film, the volume restricting adhesive welds or pressure sensitive adhesives being attached, which are attached release a strong increase in pressure so that voltage peaks are dampened by increasing the volume at these points.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gas- and liquid-tight bag packaging which can be sterilized, for example, and whose contents can later be reheated by microwave treatment, the volume expansion which occurs when the contents are heated, in particular by steam formation, and an excessive build-up of pressure by an automatic process Relief of excess pressure at a predetermined point to the ambient atmosphere, down to the ambient pressure, is prevented and finally an easy opening of the bag packaging for removal of the filling material is made possible.
  • the jacket part is formed from a plastic film which contains a tear layer (peel layer) on the inside and the bag packaging has a removal opening in the region of the upper end of the jacket part, which is closed by a bag head seam, and the bag has an automatic overpressure relief in the area of the upper end.
  • peel layer peel layer
  • the tear-off layer described can also be referred to as a peel layer or peel layer.
  • the automatic overpressure relief represents a tear-open aid on the bag head seam.
  • the tear-open aid on the bag head seam can, for example, be at least one seam which is directed towards the inside of the bag and formed into a tip.
  • two or more tips of the same or different sizes can also be provided.
  • the automatic overpressure relief is arranged within the area of the bag interior in the form of an opening which can be torn open.
  • a recess of any shape, expediently round, can be provided as the tear-open opening.
  • the opening can have a diameter of e.g. B. 1 to 10 mm, or an area of 1 to 100 mm2, and is appropriately sealed by a seam in width and tear strength corresponding to the other seams.
  • the seam connects the front and back of the jacket part on the one hand and encloses the opening in a gas and liquid-tight manner until the intended pressure relief.
  • the opening which can be tied open is preferably arranged within the region of the bag interior and in the immediate vicinity of the head bag seam.
  • the present invention relates to pouch packaging, the pouches being able to be constructed, for example, from a substantially centrally folded plastic film connected laterally via seams.
  • exemplary embodiments are the connection of two plastic films via two side seams and a bottom seam or the connection of two bag walls and a bottom, possibly for example V-shaped or W-shaped, made of plastic films by means of marginal ones Stitching.
  • Bags constructed from two bag walls and side inserts connected between the bag walls, connected at the edges, and optionally an inserted bottom. Both the inserts and the bottom can be made from a flat or e.g. V-shaped or W-shaped plastic film.
  • Bags made from a plastic film which is folded in the middle and provided with an inward-facing V-shaped fold are preferred.
  • the V-shaped fold then represents the bottom.
  • the inward-facing V-shaped fold usually protrudes 1/20 to 1/3, preferably 1/10 to 1/5, into the bag.
  • V-shaped fold e.g. a W-shaped fold can also be used analogously.
  • Marginal seams expediently connect the front and back of the jacket part and the legs of an inward V-shaped bottom fold, also marginally, separably to each other. This ensures that e.g. when filling such a bag or when building pressure in such a sealed bag, only the central part of the V-shaped fold can open. A stand-up pouch is formed.
  • a bag head seam is placed on the bag head for closing.
  • the seams can all have the same width and / or tear resistance and each seam can have the same width and / or tear resistance over its entire length.
  • the present invention preferably relates to stand-up pouches or stand-up pouch packaging. Bag packs that are not stable can also be given standing properties by means of a suitable device, such as a holder, a foot part and the like.
  • Plastic films are used for the jacket part and the bottom part, plastic films being used for the jacket part and, if appropriate, the bottom part with a tear layer (peel layer) coming to the inside of the bag.
  • a tear layer peel layer
  • Suitable plastic films can have one or more layers and, in the latter case, can be laminates or film composites.
  • the plastic films expediently contain a barrier layer against gases and vapors.
  • the plastic films can, for example, consist of olefin-based, ester-based, polyamide-based, vinyl halide-based plastics or mixtures thereof, or contain these plastics.
  • olefin-based thermoplastics examples include polyolefins, e.g. such as polyethylene, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE, density greater than 0.944 g / cm3), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE, density 0.926-0.940 g / cm3), linear medium-density polyethylene (LMDPE, density 0.926-0.940 g / cm3), Low density polyethylene (LDPE, density 0.910-0.925 g / cm3) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE, density 0.916-0.925 g / cm3), polypropylene, amorphous or crystalline polypropylene, atactic or isotactic polypropylene or mixtures thereof, poly-1- butene, poly-3-methylbutene, poly-4-methylpentene and copolymers or coextrudates thereof, such as, for example of polyethylene with vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, e.g.
  • polyethylene such as high-density poly
  • ionomer resins such as copolymers of ethylene with about 11% acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic esters, tetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene, as well as statistical copolymers, block copolymers or olefin polymer-elastomer mixtures.
  • Ester-based thermoplastics are, for example, polyalkylene terephthalates or polyalkylene isophthalates with alkylene groups or radicals having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or alkylene groups having 2 to 10 C atoms which are interrupted by at least one -O-, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate (polytetramethylene terephthalate) , Polydecamethylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexyldimethylol terephthalate or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylate or polyalkylene terephthalate and polyalkylene isophthalate mixed polymers, the proportion of isophthalate being, for example, 1 to 10 mol%, mixed polymers and terpolymers, and block polymers and grafted polymers Modifications substances mentioned above.
  • Useful ester-based thermoplastics are polyalkylene terephthalates with alkylene groups or radicals with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and polyalkylene terephthalates with alkylene groups or radicals with 2 to 10 carbon atoms which are interrupted by one or two -O-.
  • thermoplastics based on esters are polyalkylene terephthalates with alkylene groups or radicals with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and polyethylene terephthalates are very particularly preferred.
  • the amide-based thermoplastics include, for example, polyamide 6, a homopolymer of ⁇ -caprolactam (polycaprolactan); Polyamide 11, a polycondensate of 11-aminoundecanoic acid (poly-11-aminoundecanamide); Polyamide 12, a homopolymer of ⁇ -laurolactam (polylaurin lactam); Polyamide 6,6, a homopolycondensate of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid (polyhexamethylene adipamide); Polyamide 6.10, a homopolycondensate of hexamethylene diamine and sebacic acid (polyhexamethylene sebacamide); Polyamide 6, 12 a homopolycondensate of hexamethylene diamine and dodecanedioic acid (polyhexamethylene dodecanamide) or polyamide 6-3-T, a homopolycondensate of trimethylhexamethylene diamine and terephthalic acid
  • a non-exhaustive list of plastics based on vinyl halide includes, for example, the polymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl plastics containing vinyl chloride units in their structure, for example copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinyl esters of alphalic acids, in particular of vinyl acetate; Copolymers of vinyl chloride with esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid and with acrylonitrile; Copolymers of vinyl chloride with diene compounds and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride with diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate or maleic anhydride; post-chlorinated polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride; Copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride with unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and others such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobuyl ether, etc .; Polymers of vinyliden
  • a barrier layer against gases and vapors can preferably also be provided. Suitable are e.g. ceramic barrier layers, as well as plastic barrier layers.
  • the present invention also relates to pouch packaging whose plastic film of the jacket part or the jacket part and the bottom part or the bottom part contains a barrier layer against gases and vapors.
  • Ceramic barrier layers contain, for example, oxides from the series of silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, iron oxides, nickel oxides, chromium oxides or lead oxides or mixtures thereof.
  • the silicon oxides or aluminum oxides are expedient as ceramic barrier layers.
  • the silicon oxides can have the formula SiO x , where x preferably represents a number from 1 to 2, particularly preferably from 1.1 to 1.9 and in particular from 1.2 to 1.7.
  • the aluminum oxides can have the formula Al y O z , where y / z is, for example, a number from 0.2 to 1.5 and preferably from 0.65 to 0.85.
  • the ceramic barrier layers are applied to a substrate, for example by a vacuum thin-film technique, expediently on the basis of electron beam evaporation or resistance heating or inductive heating from crucibles, e.g. applied to a plastic layer or plastic film, as mentioned above. Electron beam evaporation is preferred.
  • the described methods can be carried out reactively and / or with ion support.
  • the ceramic layer can have a thickness of, for example, 5 to 500 nm.
  • Plastic barrier layers can be made of polymers, for example are, are, or contain gas and water vapor tight. Layers or foils based on polyvinylidene chlorides, polyolefins, polyvinyl chlorides, acrylonitrile copolymers, polyethylene terephthalates or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalates, for example, behave particularly favorably.
  • the barrier layer of which is a ceramic layer is particularly preferred.
  • the thickness of the single-layer plastic films or of the individual plastic films in film composites or laminates can be, for example, 8 to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 600 ⁇ m and in particular 10 to 80 ⁇ m.
  • Foil composites or laminates can have the layer structures known per se, such as e.g. containing at least two plastic layers or containing at least one cellulose-containing layer, such as paper, cardboard, nonwovens and at least one plastic layer.
  • At least one printed, counterprinted or colored layer of a material e.g. a plastic film may be provided.
  • At least one of the layers can be insulating and made of closed-cell plastic foam, e.g. made of polystyrene or other materials such as Crepe paper or similar consist.
  • the different layers e.g. the plastic films or layers or composites with one another and the plastic films or layers containing ceramic barrier layers can be connected to one another with laminating adhesives and / or adhesion promoters.
  • Suitable adhesion promoters are, for example, vinyl chloride copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymerizable polyesters, vinyl pyridine polymers, vinyl pyridine polymers in combination with epoxy resins, butadiene-acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid copolymers, phenolic resins, rubber derivatives, acrylic resins, acrylic resins with phenol or
  • Epoxy resins or organosilicon compounds, such as organosilanes.
  • EAA ethylene acrylic acid
  • modified polyolefins such as e.g. modified polypropylene
  • a preferred modified polypropylene is an adduct of maleic anhydride and an ethylene-propylene copolymer. Dispersions of modified polyolefins are very particularly preferred. An example of a modified polypropylene dispersion is Morprime (trademark of Morton Chemical Division of Norton Norwich Products, Inc.).
  • adhesion promoters are adhesives such as nitrile rubber-phenolic resins, epoxides, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, urethane-modified acrylics, polyester-co-polyamides, hot melt polyester, cross-linked hot-melt polyester polyisocyanates polyisobutylenmod e, styrene-butadiene rubbers, urethanes, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and ethylene vinyl acetate -Mixed polymers.
  • adhesives such as nitrile rubber-phenolic resins, epoxides, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, urethane-modified acrylics, polyester-co-polyamides, hot melt polyester, cross-linked hot-melt polyester polyisocyanates polyisobutylenmod e, styrene-butadiene rubbers, urethanes, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the laminating adhesives can be solvent-containing or solvent-free and also contain water.
  • examples are solvent-based or aqueous acrylate adhesives or solvent-free polyurethane adhesives.
  • Laminating adhesives based on polyurethane are preferred.
  • the jacket parts underneath and possibly with the bottom part are e.g. Separately connected by sealed seams.
  • the plastic films have a tear-open layer on the surface of the plastic film coming to lie on the inside of the bag.
  • the tear-open layer can extend over the entire surface of the plastic film or can be present or applied only partially, in the area of the seals to be made.
  • the tear layer can be on the plastic film in film form or in Layer form, for example on both sides and expediently arranged on the surface of the plastic film to be located on the inside of the bag.
  • Tear-open layers are known per se and can, for example, be made of polyolefins or polyolefin mixtures, optionally with a filler, or contain such substances.
  • Suitable polyolefins are, for example, LLDPE, LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, polypropylene, cast polypropylene (cPP), modified polypropylene or polypropylene copolymers, such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
  • tear-open layers are those containing or consisting of an ionomer resin, in particular with about 10% acid content and a high degree of ionic crosslinking; Ethylene acrylic acid copolymers; Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers; acid modified EVA copolymers or EVA.
  • tear layers are blends of polypropylene and high pressure polyethylene, blends of polypropylene and polyolefin rubbers.
  • Modified polyesters or glycol-modified polyesters or copolyesters of aromatic polycarboxyl compounds ethylene glycol and an additional glycol are particularly preferred.
  • the aromatic polycarboxyl compounds are e.g. aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid.
  • the additional glycols can have 3 to 20 carbon atoms and are e.g. Propanediols, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
  • a tear layer containing 40 to 97% by weight of at least one copolyester and 3 to 60% by weight of at least one thermoplastic polymer on acetal, acrylic, amide, carbonate, ester, olefin, styrene or vinyl base.
  • the copolyester is expediently sealable.
  • Suitable copolyesters for such tear-open layers are copolyesters of an aromatic or aliphatic polycarboxyl compound, ethylene glycol and / or another glycol or polyglycol.
  • the aromatic polycarboxyl compounds are expediently aromatic dicarboxylic acids.
  • the aliphatic polycarboxyl compounds are expediently aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
  • the copolyester can contain other polycarboxylic acids for modification.
  • the proportion of the other polycarboxylic acid for modifying the copolyester can, for example, be up to 30 mol%.
  • aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 36 carbon atoms such as malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, cis- or trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2- or 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, monochloterephthalic acid, such as 2-chloroterephthalic acid, dichloroterephthalic acid, such as 2,5-dichloterephthalic acid, methyl terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, 4,4′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, trans-4,4-stilbimedicino acid, Succic acid, sebacic acid, or dodecanedicarboxylic acid can be used.
  • the copolyester can be produced either from the acid compound or from
  • the copolyester contains 5 to 97 mol% of ethylene glycol residues and 3 to 95 mol% residues of at least one additional glycol as the glycol or diol portion.
  • Additional glycols are, for example, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic glycols with 3 to 20 C atoms, such as the aliphatic glycols 1,2- or 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1 , 5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol or the cycloaliphatic glycols 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4,4 -Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and also diethylene glycol or other suitable diols, as well
  • the preferred copolyester for the present tear layers contains an aromatic polycarboxyl compound and in particular terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof and the additional glycol is in particular 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
  • Very preferred copolyesters are glycol-modified polyesters, which are known to experts in the field, for example, as PETG.
  • copolyesters are, for example, the commercially available products "Kodabond 5116" from Eastman Kodak Co. or "SELAR PT 8307” from Du Pont.
  • thermoplastic polymers which are contained in the tear layer with the copolester (s) can be based on acetal, acrylic, amide, carbonate, ester, olefin, styrene or vinyl.
  • thermoplastic polymers which are contained in the tear layer with the copolester (s) are the polyolefins and in particular polyethylene or polypropylene, furthermore acid- or alcohol-modified copolymers, such as ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, non-sealable polyesters, especially not sealable polyethylene terephthalates, polyamides, rubber elastomers, for example based on ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers and polycarbonates, in particular based on bisphenol A and phosgene.
  • Polyethylenes are very particularly preferred as thermoplastic polymers which are contained in the tear layer with the copolester (s) and in particular LDPE applied.
  • a tear-open layer containing 75 to 90% by weight of at least one copolyester and 10 to 25% by weight of at least one thermoplastic polymer is preferred.
  • the tear layers can also contain, for example, 3 to 20% by weight of a filler.
  • Such fillers are known per se and organic fillers and / or mineral fillers with small particle size, such as chalk, talc, quartz, wollastonite, feldspar, calcined kaolinite clay and the like, can be mentioned by way of example.
  • Other fillers are e.g. Titanium dioxide or other coloring pigments.
  • the tear-open layer can contain materials which are known per se and which improve properties, such as reinforcing agents, plasticizers, lubricants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, stabilizers and other polymer modifiers.
  • the plastic film containing a tear layer on one side, a sealing layer on the other side, a colored, printed or counterprinted plastic film or a cellulose-containing layer such as paper, cardboard, non-woven fabric, or the plastic film can have a tear layer on both sides.
  • Preferred plastic films for the jacket part and the bottom part can, for example, be constructed from the outside in from a polyester layer, such as a polyester film, a barrier layer, such as a ceramic layer, a further polyester layer, such as a polyester film, and a tear-off layer, for example as described above.
  • a polyester layer such as a polyester film
  • a barrier layer such as a ceramic layer
  • a further polyester layer such as a polyester film
  • a tear-off layer for example as described above.
  • Plastic foils for the jacket part and base part are particularly preferred, comprising a polyethylene terephthalate film, an SiO x layer, from the outside in, where x is a number from 1.2 to 1.7, a further polyethylene terephthalate film and a tear-off layer, containing, for example polypropylene, cast polypropylene (cPP), polypropylene copolymer or sealable polyethylene terephthalate.
  • cPP cast polypropylene
  • sealable polyethylene terephthalate sealable polyethylene terephthalate
  • the thickness of the individual layers of this latter plastic film can be, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m for the polyethylene terephthal layers, 10 nm to 100 nm for the ceramic layer and 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m for the tear-off layer.
  • plastic films are, for example, containing a polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 10-15 ⁇ m from the outside inwards, an SiO x layer, where x is a number from 1.2 to 1.7 and the layer thickness is 10 nm to 100 nm, another polyethylene terephthalate film with a layer thickness of 10 to 15 ⁇ m and a tear-open layer in the form of a 40 to 60 ⁇ m thick PP or cPP film are preferred.
  • the SiO x layer is expediently applied to the further polyethylene terephthalate layer.
  • the bag packs according to the present invention are joined, for example, by sealing, welding, ultrasonic sealing or welding or gluing in the form of seams on the jacket parts and, if appropriate, the base part. Sealing and in particular thermal contact sealing is preferred.
  • the strength of the sealing seams is influenced by the sealing geometry, the sealing temperature, the sealing pressure and the sealing time. If the seams are carried out using ultrasound, the necessary energy parameters must be observed accordingly.
  • the bag packages according to the present invention have e.g. separable sealed bottom and side seams.
  • the sealing seams are preferably set in such a way that a stand-up pouch results.
  • the side seams and optionally the bottom seams are sealed, for example from a front and a rear side, which are obtained by folding a plastic film or by joining two plastic films.
  • sealing seams running diagonally from the outside downwards can be placed. This increases the inherent stability and stability of a bag.
  • the bag packaging in the packaging of moisture-containing goods, e.g. from the food sector, can be filled, closed and, if necessary, sterilized under counter pressure. After being closed, the bag packaging is in particular gas and liquid-tight. Before the contents are consumed or consumed, the bag packaging can preferably be reheated by microwave treatment in the bag packaging. When a certain internal pressure is reached, e.g. due to the development of steam, the automatic pressure relief in the area of the bag head is released by releasing the pressure.
  • the automatic overpressure relief can also be carried out by means of a tear-open aid, for example by means of a sealing seam between the jacket parts in the form of a tear-off tip directed towards the inside of the bag.
  • the bag head seam can, if not done automatically, be opened or completely opened. This opens the bag so that the contents can be easily removed. If necessary, easy opening of the bag head seam can be additionally facilitated by a tear-open aid on the bag head seam.
  • Figures 1 and 1a and 2 exemplify two different embodiments of the bag packaging according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the perspective view of a pre-folded plastic film (1).
  • a V-shaped fold (2) is provided, for example, to design a base part.
  • a W-shaped fold can be used instead of a V-shaped one.
  • the recesses (3) are made in the area of the V-shaped fold, here, for example, in a rectangular shape.
  • Tear tabs (5) are provided as examples on the front (1b) and the back (1a). The presence and design of these pull tabs are subject to change and are based on purpose and need. Instead of a pull tab, a carrying handle can also be provided, which can optionally also serve as a pull tab at the same time. The tear tab can also have at least one recess for hanging the bag packaging.
  • FIG. 1a shows a side view of a plastic film and tear strip joined to a bag according to FIG. 1.
  • the upper limit of the V-shaped fold (2) is indicated by a broken line, the recesses (3) and the surfaces (4) on which in the area of the V-shaped fold the front and back directly e.g. sealed, are indicated by hatching.
  • the front and back of the plastic film (1) are connected to each other in a separable manner.
  • the bevel seams (13) increase the stability of the bag and relieve the side seams (12), particularly in the area of the recesses (3).
  • the bevel seams (13) relieve the lateral sealing seams in the area of the transition from the 2-layer to the 4-layer (area of the V-shaped bottom) bag part.
  • overlaps or tabs can also be provided.
  • a top seam (14) extending over the entire width of the bag and, in particular, a sealed seam are expediently provided.
  • the head seam (14) preferably has a tear-open aid (15), for example designed as a tear-open tip.
  • the tear-open aid should be designed in such a way that its effect does not develop due to an increase in pressure in the bag, i.e. if the pressure in the closed bag increases, there should be no independent relief of excess pressure through a partial opening of the head seam (14), in particular in the area of the tear-open aid (15) . Therefore it is advisable for example to provide a marking tip with the tip pointing upwards.
  • the pressure is usually built up by heating the contents, for example by microwave treatment in a closed bag, whereby water vapor develops, for example.
  • the side seams (12) are preferably slightly above the transverse head seam (14). This reduces the risk of the head seam tearing into the side seam.
  • the automatic overpressure relief (6) can be, for example, at least one recess (8) in at least one of the jacket surfaces, the recess (8) being completely sealed by a seal (7) which tightly connects the front and rear sides (16) of the jacket part, is surrounded.
  • a recess (8) in the same geometric shape is preferably opposite each other in the front and back of the jacket part.
  • the recess (8) is drawn as an example circular. Other geometric shapes, such as oval, polygonal, such as triangular, quadrangular, etc., can also be used.
  • the automatic overpressure relief (6) is arranged in the area of the upper end of the bag and in particular close to the seam of the head bag. It is essential that the automatic overpressure relief (6) is arranged above the maximum filling level of the filling material in the bag, so that the filling material cannot escape through the recess (8).
  • a marking tip (15) is shown as an example in FIG. 1a. This configuration makes it possible to move the automatic overpressure relief far into the area of the upper end and thus to increase the maximum fill level.
  • the head seam (14) can be between the tear strip and the back of the bag, e.g. by hand, fully opened and the contents of the bag removed.
  • FIG. 2 shows the side view of a bag packaging made of a plastic film (21) folded in the bottom area.
  • a V-shaped fold (22) forms the bottom of the bag.
  • the front and back of the bag are over the side seams (32) connected.
  • An automatic overpressure relief (35) is shown as an example in the form of a tear-open tip.
  • the tip expediently points towards the inside of the bag, which ensures that the pressure can be relieved at the intended point, the tear-off tip.
  • the bag head seam at the tear-open point opens to the extent that pressure equalization can take place. It is then possible to open the bag over the entire bag head seam, for example by hand, and to remove the contents, provided that the entire bag head seam has not already opened.
  • the parts of the bag such as the front and back and, if appropriate, the base part, can be firmly connected via the tear-off layer attached to at least one side of the plastic film, or, even without a tear-off layer, by adhesive bonding.
  • Typical tear strengths of the sealed seams are greater than 5 N / 15 mm resp. the destruction of the bag next to the sealed seams, preferably tensile strengths greater than 20 N / 15 mm and in particular greater than 30 N / 15 mm.
  • the tensile strength of the seams in the case of sealed seams can be determined by the geometry of the sealing tool, the sealing pressure, the sealing temperature and / or the sealing time or, accordingly, by the amount of energy Ultrasonic welding or sealing can be influenced.
  • the sealed seams are expediently carried out using a tool with rounded edges.
  • the sealing seams produced with such a tool have higher strengths than those which were produced with a sharp-edged tool.
  • the latter can have a notch effect.
  • this fact can be used to design the seal seams on the tear strip.
  • the sealing pressure depends on the material and the thickness of the plastic film and is typically 1 to 10 kg / cm2 sealing area.
  • the sealing temperature also depends on the material and thickness and can range from 140 ° C to 240 ° C.
  • the sealing temperature is preferably 170 ° C to 220 ° C and in particular sealing temperatures of 180 ° C to 200 ° C are used.
  • the sealing is preferably controlled via the temperature and / or time.
  • the sealing time can be 0.3 to 3 seconds. be; a sealing time of 0.4 to 1 sec is preferred. and in particular from 0.5 to 0.8 sec.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the pouch packaging according to the invention and in particular stand-up pouch packaging for packaging filling goods which are heated in particular by microwave treatment.
  • Food and food preparations are primarily considered as filling goods. Such foods can preferably be in liquid, pasty, gelatinous or optionally in solid form or a mixture of these forms. Food preparations can likewise preferably be in liquid, pasty, gelatinous or, if appropriate, in solid or semi-solid form or represent mixtures of such forms. Furthermore, the food and food preparations can be filled into the bag packaging according to the invention in raw, semi-cooking or cooking form.
  • the pouch packaging can be made, for example, aseptic or low-aseptic.
  • the contents are filled into the open-ended bag packaging, the opening is sealed, for example by sealing, and the filled and closed bag packaging under counterpressure under the sterilization conditions, e.g. Warm to 121 ° C for 30 minutes, subjected.
  • a bag packaging treated in this way can then be stored for longer periods.
  • the filled and closed pouch packaging can be subjected to a microwave treatment in order to prepare the contents and in particular to reheat it.
  • the volume increases e.g. through steam development.
  • a certain internal pressure e.g. can be between 4 and 10 Pa, the pressure equalization takes place via the automatic pressure relief.
  • all or part of the bag head seam can be easily, e.g. opened by hand.
  • the bags according to the invention are gastight and liquid-tight, i.e. H. After filling and closing, no more ingredients can come out of the bag, resp. Foreign substances get into the bag.
  • gas-tightness is understood in particular to mean bags which, for example, have an oxygen diffusion of less than 10,000 cm3 / m2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm, expediently less than 2,000 cm3 / m2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm, preferably less than 100 cm3 / m2 ⁇ atm Show day ⁇ atm and especially less than 10 cm3 / m2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm.
EP19920810706 1991-09-25 1992-09-14 Bag package Withdrawn EP0537109A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2856/91A CH683836A5 (de) 1991-09-25 1991-09-25 Beutelverpackung.
CH2856/91 1991-09-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537109A2 true EP0537109A2 (fr) 1993-04-14
EP0537109A3 EP0537109A3 (en) 1993-06-30

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EP19920810706 Withdrawn EP0537109A3 (en) 1991-09-25 1992-09-14 Bag package

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EP (1) EP0537109A3 (fr)
CA (1) CA2078709A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH683836A5 (fr)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5709479A (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-01-20 Kapak Corp. Bag construction for distributing material
FR2761348A1 (fr) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-02 Fleury Michon Conditionnement pour produit alimentaire destine a etre rechauffe par micro-ondes
EP0887285A1 (fr) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-30 Hisao Kai Sachet pour emballage sous vide et méthode d'emballage sous vide
EP0895947A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 1999-02-10 Tils, Peter Procédé pour emballer des produits jetables
DE29800949U1 (de) * 1998-01-21 1999-05-20 Wiesenhof Gefluegel Kontor Gmb Frischmenüpackung zum Garen in einer Mikrowelle
US5971613A (en) * 1997-04-11 1999-10-26 Kapak Corp. Bag constructions having inwardly directed side seal portions
WO1999064308A1 (fr) * 1998-06-11 1999-12-16 Idea Pack Gmbh Sac refermable
US6021624A (en) * 1990-04-27 2000-02-08 Kapak Corporation Vented pouch arrangement and method
FR2783512A1 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-24 Soplaril Sa Emballage pouvant etre referme apres ouverture, en particulier sac en matiere plastique, et procede de fabrication d'un tel emballage
WO2000064782A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Hoche International (Produce) Ltd Sachet permettant de cuire un aliment dans un four a micro-ondes
US6375037B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2002-04-23 Kapak Corporation Bag construction for distributing material
EP1283179A1 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Emballage pour le chauffage à micro-ondes de produits alimentaires
WO2003051745A1 (fr) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Huhtamaki Ronsberg Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Emballage et outil de scellage pour la fabrication d'un tel emballage
WO2010020453A1 (fr) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 Amcor Flexibles Transpac Nv Procédé de production d'emballage à auto-évacuation
WO2010054023A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 William Cho Système de décompression
US8056209B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2011-11-15 Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland, Gmbh & Co. Kg Tubular, especially can-shaped, receptacle for the accommodation of fluids, a method of manufacture and use
US8240546B2 (en) 2005-04-18 2012-08-14 Huhtamaki Ronsberg, Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Film packaging having tamper-evident means
US8468782B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2013-06-25 Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a bottle-like or tubular container, particularly a tubular bag, comprising a sealed-in bottom, and a correspondingly produced tubular bag

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DE1942966A1 (de) * 1968-08-26 1970-03-05 Tower Products Aseptische Verpackung
FR2224365A1 (en) * 1973-04-05 1974-10-31 Hesser Ag Maschf Silicone rubber pressure relief valve - for plastics packaging container
DE3316065A1 (de) * 1983-05-03 1984-11-08 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH, 6301 Fernwald Verfahren zum fuellen, entlueften und verschliessen von saecken
DE3705591A1 (de) * 1987-02-21 1988-09-01 Sengewald Karl H Beutel aus thermoplastischer kunststoffolie
EP0343629A1 (fr) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-29 Hag Gf Aktiengesellschaft Emballage ayant un joint de scellage facilement détachable

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DE1942966A1 (de) * 1968-08-26 1970-03-05 Tower Products Aseptische Verpackung
FR2224365A1 (en) * 1973-04-05 1974-10-31 Hesser Ag Maschf Silicone rubber pressure relief valve - for plastics packaging container
DE3316065A1 (de) * 1983-05-03 1984-11-08 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH, 6301 Fernwald Verfahren zum fuellen, entlueften und verschliessen von saecken
DE3705591A1 (de) * 1987-02-21 1988-09-01 Sengewald Karl H Beutel aus thermoplastischer kunststoffolie
EP0343629A1 (fr) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-29 Hag Gf Aktiengesellschaft Emballage ayant un joint de scellage facilement détachable

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6021624A (en) * 1990-04-27 2000-02-08 Kapak Corporation Vented pouch arrangement and method
US6423356B2 (en) 1990-04-27 2002-07-23 Kapak Corporation Vented pouch arrangement and method
US6274181B1 (en) 1990-04-27 2001-08-14 Kapak Corporation Vented pouch arrangement and method
US6023914A (en) * 1990-04-27 2000-02-15 Kapak Corporation Vented pouch arrangement and method
US5882120A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-03-16 Kapak Corp. Bag construction for distributing material
US5709479A (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-01-20 Kapak Corp. Bag construction for distributing material
US6126318A (en) * 1996-09-06 2000-10-03 Kapak Corporation Bag construction for distributing material
FR2761348A1 (fr) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-02 Fleury Michon Conditionnement pour produit alimentaire destine a etre rechauffe par micro-ondes
US6224528B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2001-05-01 Kapak Corporation Method for making bag constructions having inwardly directed side seal portions
US5971613A (en) * 1997-04-11 1999-10-26 Kapak Corp. Bag constructions having inwardly directed side seal portions
EP0887285A1 (fr) * 1997-06-19 1998-12-30 Hisao Kai Sachet pour emballage sous vide et méthode d'emballage sous vide
US5894929A (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-04-20 Yugenkaisha Kusaka Raremetal Kenkyusho Vacuum packaging bag and vacuum packaging method
EP0895947A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 1999-02-10 Tils, Peter Procédé pour emballer des produits jetables
DE29800949U1 (de) * 1998-01-21 1999-05-20 Wiesenhof Gefluegel Kontor Gmb Frischmenüpackung zum Garen in einer Mikrowelle
WO1999064308A1 (fr) * 1998-06-11 1999-12-16 Idea Pack Gmbh Sac refermable
FR2783512A1 (fr) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-24 Soplaril Sa Emballage pouvant etre referme apres ouverture, en particulier sac en matiere plastique, et procede de fabrication d'un tel emballage
WO2000064782A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Hoche International (Produce) Ltd Sachet permettant de cuire un aliment dans un four a micro-ondes
US6375037B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2002-04-23 Kapak Corporation Bag construction for distributing material
EP1283179A1 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Emballage pour le chauffage à micro-ondes de produits alimentaires
WO2003013980A1 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-20 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa Emballage de produits alimentaires micro-ondable
WO2003051745A1 (fr) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Huhtamaki Ronsberg Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Emballage et outil de scellage pour la fabrication d'un tel emballage
US8056209B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2011-11-15 Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland, Gmbh & Co. Kg Tubular, especially can-shaped, receptacle for the accommodation of fluids, a method of manufacture and use
US8468782B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2013-06-25 Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a bottle-like or tubular container, particularly a tubular bag, comprising a sealed-in bottom, and a correspondingly produced tubular bag
US8240546B2 (en) 2005-04-18 2012-08-14 Huhtamaki Ronsberg, Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Film packaging having tamper-evident means
WO2010020453A1 (fr) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 Amcor Flexibles Transpac Nv Procédé de production d'emballage à auto-évacuation
RU2478073C2 (ru) * 2008-08-19 2013-03-27 Амкор Флексиблз Транспак Нв Способ изготовления упаковки с самостоятельным выпуском воздуха
US9409691B2 (en) 2008-08-19 2016-08-09 Amcor Flexibles Transpac N.V. Method for the production of self-venting packaging
WO2010054023A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 William Cho Système de décompression

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0537109A3 (en) 1993-06-30
CA2078709A1 (fr) 1993-03-26
CH683836A5 (de) 1994-05-31

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