EP0537027B1 - Verbrennungsgerät - Google Patents
Verbrennungsgerät Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0537027B1 EP0537027B1 EP92309245A EP92309245A EP0537027B1 EP 0537027 B1 EP0537027 B1 EP 0537027B1 EP 92309245 A EP92309245 A EP 92309245A EP 92309245 A EP92309245 A EP 92309245A EP 0537027 B1 EP0537027 B1 EP 0537027B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- air
- combustion
- gasification
- grate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
- F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combustor apparatus, particularly a combustor for burning waste in order to utilise the heat produced as a source of energy.
- Such combustors are of importance for both third world and developed countries alike, in disposing of waste cheaply and efficiently so as to preserve the environment and as a source of power.
- Unfortunately hitherto proposed combustors have only been able to burn a very limited range of solid fuel. Therefore, only a few end users have been able to use process waste the produce as fuel, or have had to buy in such waste, to provide the fuel required to produce heat.
- European patent application No. 0188073 discloses a combustor apparatus capable of burning solid fuels. This apparatus however, suffers from the disadvantage that it must be provided with a refractory lining, the arrangements for cooling the construction of the inner walls of the combustion chamber being insufficient to cope with the heat generated by the combustion process.
- Applicant's own European patent application No. 0 289 355, now withdrawn also discloses a combustor apparatus capable of burning of solid fuels such as waste organic materials. This apparatus is provided with an air feed which combines with the products of gasification in an intermediate chamber. This apparatus is not provided with a refractory lining, as the gas and air stream was thought to be sufficient to cool the wall of the second combustion chamber. This was not the case however.
- apparatus for utilising energy of waste matter comprising gasification and combustion chambers connected by an intermediate chamber, an entry in the intermediate chamber for admittance of ambient combustion air, and a jacket around the intermediate chamber through which air is passed to cool an inner and an external wall of the apparatus, and heat the ambient combustion air for passage to the entry.
- This provides a relatively simple yet efficient way of cooling the apparatus and heating the ambient air.
- the entry may comprise a louvre.
- This construction provides a controlled inlet, which may be adjustable depending on the volume of air required.
- the louvre may be situated adjacent a feed inlet for feeding fuel into the apparatus. This provides a compact construction.
- the gasification chamber may comprise a well with a grate at the base.
- the combustion chamber may comprise a cylindrical chamber. This provides for virtually complete combustion of the fuel supplied.
- the gasification and combustion chambers may suitably be adapted for accommodation of thermal expansion or contraction, suitably by arranging that the chamber may be mounted on carriage means. This provides that the apparatus is not damaged if there is different thermal expansions or contractions between the chambers.
- the carriage means may comprise a base of a frame of the apparatus supported on a fixed roller, that is the roller is fixed to a substrate so the apparatus can move relative to the substrate when expansion or contraction takes place. This is a relatively simple arrangement which is nevertheless efficient.
- the apparatus may include a further air inlet for tertiary combustion air. This arrangement provides the provision of additional air as required.
- the apparatus may be adapted so that the wall temperature of the combustion chamber in use is maintained low compared with the temperature at the core. Again, this obviates distortion.
- the conduit may comprise a bifurcated pipe. This provides for ease of construction and installation.
- a part of the pipe may be inclined towards a manifold upstream of the grate. This provides for ease of delivery of the air.
- the grate There may be a sensor for sensing the colour of a flame above the grate and for controlling the air supply along the conduit. This provides for control of the apparatus.
- the sensor may, through a control unit of the apparatus, not only control the amount of air supply but also the amount of fuel to be burned as well as the exact location where the fuel is to be dropped on the grate.
- a combustor apparatus 1 comprising respective gasification and combustion chambers 2, 3 connected by an intermediate chamber 4, and means 6 to cool an inner and an external wall of the apparatus 1 and heat the ambient combustion air for passage to the entry 5.
- the gasification or first chamber 2 is a deep well shaped chamber having a grate 7 at the base which is adapted to receive solid fuel of different shapes and sizes.
- the grate 7 is a two part flat bar grate with single or dual air delivery tubes for primary air.
- the amount of primary air is regulated in such a way that the first combustion stage temperature is controlled and will be kept as low as possible to prevent sintering of the ash produced during combustion particularly of agricultural matter being used as fuel, and so that gasification of the fuel ensues.
- the intermediate chamber 4 is a transition chamber between the first and second chambers 2 and 3 and is horizontal and feeds tangentially into the second combustion chamber 3 which is substantially cylindrical. The intermediate chamber 4 gives into the second chamber 3 over substantially the whole length of the second chamber.
- the inlet 5 for combustion air into the intermediate chamber 4 is a louvre inlet adjacent the fuel inlet 8.
- the combustion chambers 2, 3, 4 are encased in a jacket 11 through which cooling ambient air is passed from cooling fans 12.
- the apparatus 1 is also mounted on a frame 13 which is able to move on thermal expansion and contraction effects by a carriage means 14 which comprises a foot 15 of the frame 13 mounted on a roller 16 over which the foot can pass, the roller being fixed in the sense that it is secured to a substrate such as the ground in a bracket.
- the outlet 10 can be connected up with further apparatus in order to utilise the heat produced.
- the outlet 10 itself can be connected to a power plant including a steam raising boiler, or a crop drying system, both of which have induction fans for drawing the combustion gases through the system, and for providing secondary combustion air for fuel combustion and secondary combustion in the apparatus 1.
- a power plant including a steam raising boiler, or a crop drying system, both of which have induction fans for drawing the combustion gases through the system, and for providing secondary combustion air for fuel combustion and secondary combustion in the apparatus 1.
- the combustor apparatus itself does not require a stack or an I.D. fan, though such a fan can be provided where the apparatus is merely used to burn waste.
- fuel is added to the grate 7 through the fuel inlet 8, and primary air is passed therethrough partially to fluidise the fuel bed on the grate 7.
- the fuel is ignited by insertion of a lance and when a flame front is seen, the lance may be removed.
- the fans 12 are on as is the I.D. fan.
- the hot products of gasification pass vertically upwards to the transition chamber 4.
- the flame heats the wall thereof which is cooled by the cooling air in the jacket 6, which air is itself therefore heated.
- the heated air is sucked in through the louvres 5 where because it is cooler than the flame, it tends to form a cloak or shield round the flame between the flame and the wall, thereby protecting the wall from exposure to excessive heat.
- the air promotes combustion and keeps particulate matter in the flame, so that it does not scour the wall, and thereby again protects the apparatus.
- Partial combustion accordingly takes place in the intermediate chamber, prior to the gas and flame passing into the second combustion chamber 3, where further hot air enters via the tertiary air inlet 17 to promote full combustion.
- the combustion in the second chamber is cyclonic, this has a long flame path and generates a very high temperature (about 2000°C) at the core. This ensures that particulate matter is virtually all burnt, that remaining being retained in the chamber by spiralling to the bottom within the cyclonic flame, so that that matter does not pass out of the exit 10 and so cannot damage downstream plant.
- the second combustion chamber 3 When used to fire into a boiler (not shown) as downstream plant, the second combustion chamber 3 is provided with a downstream open flame nozzle which is directed into, or enters a furnace tube of the boiler. Flame then passes through the nozzle and rotates down the length of the furnace tube, thereby providing a similar effect to an oil or gas burner.
- the chambers 2, 3, 4 are manufactured from high quality stainless steel, and the jacket is an insulated mild steel jacket 6 through which the cooling ambient air is passed prior to entry through the louvres. There is no requirement for refractory lining of the chambers 2, 3, 4 because of the efficient combustion achieved and because of the shielding effect of the heated admitted cooling air.
- combustion air is supplied through the louvre 5 the remainder being supplied through the inlet, the grate 7 and the tertiary air inlet 17 which last is balanced to provide a full completion of the combustion process, leaving a negligible volume of carbon monoxide and unburnt material in the exit flame and/or flu gases.
- the apparatus 1 includes a control panel 18.
- Figs. 4 and 5 show an air feed to the gasification chamber 2 which air feed is provided by a conduit or primary gasification air feed pipe 10 which bifurcates from an inlet 102 to by-pass structural foundation work 103 of the apparatus 100, the bifurcations 104, 105 being reunited to enter a manifold 106 which extends substantially over the width of the grate 7 of the gasification chamber 2.
- the bifurcated pipe has a substantially horizontal run 107 from the inlet 102, leading into an inclined run 108 which in turn leads to the manifold 106, the angle of inclination of the run 108 being about 17° to the horizontal in the embodiment.
- the inlet pipe 101 is insulated by external insulation 109 such as glass wool, refractory or the like.
- the inlet 102, pipe 101 and manifold 106 are connected together in any suitable manner as by nuts, bolts and flanges 110.
- primary gasification air is fed in under the grate 7 from the inlet 102, through the bifurcated pipe 101 onto the manifold 106 and upwardly (as viewed, Fig.4) through the grate 7 of the gasification chamber 2.
- the rate of gasification is controlled by the volume air passed up through the grate 7 by determining the colour of the flame in the gasification chamber 2.
- the colour is determined by the amount of fuel on the grate 7, the fuel being added through the fuel inlet 8.
- the colour of the flame is measured, electronically by a colour sensor, and this sensor in turn controls the volume of air admitted by controlling a supply such as a fan therefor. If the colour of flame is yellow/blue, there is too much oxygen for gasification, so the controller acts to reduce the air flow. If the colour of the flame is red there is too little oxygen and the volume is increased. In this way the temperature is controlled within a 700°C - 800°C temperature range which is desirable for gasification (combustion generally taking place at about 1100°C).
- combustion of the feed material takes place in three phases.
- gasification phase in the chamber 2 gaseous compounds are emitted from the solid fuel on the (steel) grid 7.
- the gases are mixed with preheated ambient air and burned above the bed, and/or in the intermediate chamber 4.
- a complete burning out of the fuel and solids particles takes place in the third phase in the chamber 3 in a cyclonic fashion, and in effect as a fluidized bed.
- the primary air flow is adjusted continuously as described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5, for example; secondary airflow is defined through the fuel inlet in combination with the ambient cooling air flow round the firing chamber 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Claims (14)
- Vorrichtung zur Nutzung der Energie von Abfallprodukten, die folgendes umfaßt:
Eine Vergasungs- und eine Verbrennungskammer (2, 3), welche durch eine Zwischenkammer (4) verbunden sind, einen in der Zwischenkammer befindlichen Eingang (5) für den Zugang von umgebender Verbrennungsluft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich um die Zwischenkammer herum ein Mantel (6) befindet, durch den Luft geleitet wird, um eine innere und eine äußere Wand der Vorrichtung (1, 100) zu kühlen und die umgebende Verbrennungsluft für den Durchlauf zum Eingang (5) einzuziehen und zu erhitzen. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Eingang (5) eine Luftklappe umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luftklappe (5) sich angrenzend an einen Einlaß (8) für die Brennstoffzuführung in die Vorrichtung befindet.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vergasungskammer (2) einen Schacht mit einem Rost (7) am Boden umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungskammer (3) eine zylindrische Kammer umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vergasungs- und die Verbrennungskammer (2, 3) zur Berücksichtigung von thermischer Ausdehnung bzw. Schrumpfung angepaßt sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vergasungs- und die Verbrennungskammer (2, 3) zur Berücksichtigung von thermischer Ausdehnung bzw. Schrumpfung auf einer Schlitteneinrichtung (13) befestigt sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schlitteneinrichtung (13) einen Boden (15) eines Rahmens der Vorrichtung (1, 100) umfaßt, der auf einer ortsfesten Walze (16) abgestützt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein weiterer Lufteinlaß (17) für tertiäre Verbrennungsluft bereitgestellt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie so angepaßt ist, daß die Wandtemperatur der Verbrennungskammer (3) während des Einsatzes im Vergleich zur Temperatur im Kern niedrig ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Leitung (101) für Luft zur Vergasungskammer (2) stromaufwärts vor einem Rost (7) dieser Kammer bereitgestellt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitung (101) ein Hosenrohr (104, 105) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, bei der ein Teil des Rohrs in Richtung auf eine Rohrverzweigung zu stromaufwärts vor dem Rost geneigt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, die einen Sensor zum Erfassen der Farbe einer Flamme über dem Rost und zum Steuern der Luftzufuhr entlang der Leitung umfaßt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9121648 | 1991-10-11 | ||
GB919121648A GB9121648D0 (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1991-10-11 | A combustor apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0537027A1 EP0537027A1 (de) | 1993-04-14 |
EP0537027B1 true EP0537027B1 (de) | 1997-06-18 |
Family
ID=10702799
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92309245A Expired - Lifetime EP0537027B1 (de) | 1991-10-11 | 1992-10-09 | Verbrennungsgerät |
EP92921133A Pending EP0607239A1 (de) | 1991-10-11 | 1992-10-09 | Verbrennungsgerät |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92921133A Pending EP0607239A1 (de) | 1991-10-11 | 1992-10-09 | Verbrennungsgerät |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0537027B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1071744A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE154684T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU670248B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69220446D1 (de) |
GB (2) | GB9121648D0 (de) |
MY (1) | MY108051A (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ244662A (de) |
TW (1) | TW218033B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993007421A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113087327A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-09 | 中关村至臻环保股份有限公司 | 一种油泥处理系统 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2026970A1 (de) * | 1969-10-03 | 1971-04-22 | Tvtr Meissner, W , Dipl Ing , Tischer, H , Dipl Ing, Pat Anwalte, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Kunststoff Abfallen |
US4205614A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1980-06-03 | Good Lewis D | Combustion for rubbish and refuse |
NZ210243A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1988-01-08 | Waterwide Dev New Zealand Ltd | Extraction zone for solid fuel burner |
US4658736A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-04-21 | Walter Herman K | Incineration of combustible waste materials |
AU7146187A (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1987-10-22 | Henry, A.L. | Cyclone burner for particulate material |
GB2199929B (en) * | 1987-01-17 | 1990-12-05 | Mcintyre J | Afterburners |
ATE115712T1 (de) * | 1987-03-26 | 1994-12-15 | Copermill Ltd | Ofensysteme. |
GB8710462D0 (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1987-06-03 | Willis Associates Ltd | Combustion of organic matter |
DE3809429A1 (de) * | 1988-03-21 | 1989-10-12 | Harlander Josef | Brennersystem zur verbrennung von festen brennstoffen in gasfoermigem zustand |
DE3918508C1 (de) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-05-03 | C. Deilmann Ag, 4444 Bad Bentheim, De |
-
1991
- 1991-10-11 GB GB919121648A patent/GB9121648D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-10-08 NZ NZ244662A patent/NZ244662A/en unknown
- 1992-10-08 MY MYPI92001815A patent/MY108051A/en unknown
- 1992-10-09 GB GB9221245A patent/GB2263758B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-09 EP EP92309245A patent/EP0537027B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-09 AU AU26944/92A patent/AU670248B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-09 AT AT92309245T patent/ATE154684T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-09 EP EP92921133A patent/EP0607239A1/de active Pending
- 1992-10-09 DE DE69220446T patent/DE69220446D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-09 WO PCT/GB1992/001844 patent/WO1993007421A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-12 CN CN92111684.5A patent/CN1071744A/zh active Pending
- 1992-10-19 TW TW081108360A patent/TW218033B/zh active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0607239A1 (de) | 1994-07-27 |
DE69220446D1 (de) | 1997-07-24 |
NZ244662A (en) | 1994-10-26 |
GB2263758A8 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
AU2694492A (en) | 1993-05-03 |
TW218033B (de) | 1993-12-21 |
CN1071744A (zh) | 1993-05-05 |
EP0537027A1 (de) | 1993-04-14 |
AU670248B2 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
GB9121648D0 (en) | 1991-11-27 |
MY108051A (en) | 1996-07-30 |
GB2263758A (en) | 1993-08-04 |
WO1993007421A1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
GB9221245D0 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
GB2263758B (en) | 1995-12-13 |
ATE154684T1 (de) | 1997-07-15 |
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