EP0536019B1 - Nichtexplosiver eingetauchter Hoch-/Niederspannungstransformator unter dauernden Überlast-Zustand - Google Patents

Nichtexplosiver eingetauchter Hoch-/Niederspannungstransformator unter dauernden Überlast-Zustand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0536019B1
EP0536019B1 EP92402586A EP92402586A EP0536019B1 EP 0536019 B1 EP0536019 B1 EP 0536019B1 EP 92402586 A EP92402586 A EP 92402586A EP 92402586 A EP92402586 A EP 92402586A EP 0536019 B1 EP0536019 B1 EP 0536019B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
tank
windings
transformer according
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92402586A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0536019A1 (de
Inventor
Bruno Guilbert
Jean-Francis Faltermeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Societe Nouvelle Transfix Toulon SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Societe Nouvelle Transfix Toulon SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA, Societe Nouvelle Transfix Toulon SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0536019A1 publication Critical patent/EP0536019A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0536019B1 publication Critical patent/EP0536019B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high voltage - low voltage submersible transformer for an electrical energy distribution network.
  • the high / low voltage transformers currently in operation on the distribution network typically include a metal tank containing the primary and secondary transformation windings. These electromagnetically coupled windings are electrically isolated, by means of a paper insulator and are immersed in a mineral oil, contained in the tank and ensuring the role of dielectric insulator.
  • This type of insulation does not accept a high crest factor, the crest factor being defined as the ratio between the peak value of the load and the average load.
  • crest factor being defined as the ratio between the peak value of the load and the average load.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy to the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular to allow the use of a high / low voltage submerged transformer allowing a large increase in the possibilities of operation under permanent overload conditions, and in particular of a non-explosive transformer.
  • Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a high / low voltage submerged transformer allowing a large reduction in size compared to the transformers of the prior art, at equal power.
  • Another object of the present invention is finally the implementation of a high / low voltage submerged transformer in which the hot spot temperature is higher, which also allows a reduction in mass, at equal power.
  • the high / low voltage submerged transformer object of the present invention is defined by the characteristics of claim 1. It comprises a metal tank containing the primary and secondary isolated windings of transformation immersed in an insulating fluid.
  • the assembly has high thermal stability, characterized by a thermal index equal to or greater than 180 ° C., and an aging law such as exceeding temperature compared to this thermal index must be at least 19 K to double the speed of consumption of the transformer, these characteristics making the device more suitable for the type of load specific to public distribution.
  • the thermal index is defined by the temperature class of the insulation, itself defined by IEC publication 85: Recommendations relating to the classification of materials intended for the insulation of electrical machines and apparatus according to their stability thermal in service.
  • the invention finds application in high / low voltage transformers of overhead electrical distribution networks, in particular in pole top transformers.
  • the transformer which is the subject of the invention comprises a metal tank denoted 1 containing the primary and secondary isolated transformation windings denoted 2 in FIG. 1. These windings are, conventionally, immersed in an insulating fluid.
  • the high-voltage terminals are designated by BHTA and the low-voltage terminals by BBT.
  • the insulation of the primary and secondary windings is carried out by a pair of synthetic insulating materials noted (10,20).
  • the insulation of the primary and secondary windings can be carried out by means of a paper made of polyaramide fibers which is for example marketed by the cli du Pont de Nemours under the trade name NOMEX, this aramid paper forming one of the materials 10 of the pair of insulating materials, this aramid paper can also be used as covering material for the winding conductors.
  • the other of the materials 20 of the pair of insulating materials is formed by a silicone oil in which the primary and respectively secondary windings constituting the active part of the transformer are immersed.
  • An enameling varnish compatible with silicone oil and with a high thermal index, greater than or equal to 180 ° C., can also be used in place of the aforementioned covering.
  • the pair of insulating materials used also makes it possible to produce a transformer with high admissible overloading, thanks to a high thermal index and to a temperature class of the resulting insulation higher than that accepted in conventional embodiments.
  • electricity distributors must supply low-voltage customers whose average annual load is low and whose peak load is high, in particular in rural areas where second homes are located, for example.
  • high voltage / low voltage transformers used on the electrical distribution network use a couple of dielectric insulators such as cellulose paper / mineral oils, which due to its physicochemical properties does not allow to exploit the best high voltage / low voltage transformers. Indeed, this type of insulation does not accept a high crest factor, the crest factor being defined as the ratio between the peak value of the load and the average load applied to the transformer. Indeed, to any increase of 6 K in the hot spot temperature of the transformer compared to the temperature resulting from the sizing recommended by the standards in force for a rated load, corresponds in fact a reduction by a factor 2 of the duration of life of this transformer.
  • the use of the couple of insulating materials in accordance with the object of the present invention makes it possible to remedy the aforementioned drawback. Consequently, it is possible, thanks to this use, to obtain on the one hand a higher hot spot temperature, which makes it possible to reduce the size and the mass of the apparatus, and on the other hand a large increase in possibilities overloading of transformers conforming to the object of the present invention.
  • the use of the aforementioned pair of insulating materials makes it possible to obtain high operating temperatures, and above all, allows permanent overheating of large amplitudes.
  • the transformer of the prior art ages 25 times faster compared to its rated operating speed, while under identical conditions, a transformer produced in accordance with the object of the present invention will age only eight times faster, an average value having been retained for the latter.
  • the high voltage / low voltage transformer object of the present invention allows the possibility of a high temperature operating regime, and allows for example to use the active part of a transformer 100 kVA to make a 160 kVA transformer.
  • the transformer object of the present invention comprises as active part, the active part of a power transformer p kVA with p ⁇ P.
  • the transformer object of the present invention is thus brought into operation in permanent overload regime in the power ratio.
  • the tank 1 of the transformer consists of an aluminum alloy in place of conventional materials such as steel sheets. Indeed, these conventional materials do not allow a pressure of 1 bar to be exceeded inside the current tanks, and although the quantity of gas formed in the event of an electric arc inside the tank is reduced by a factor of 10 due to the use of the couple of insulating materials mentioned above, the pressures reached for a fault current of 1000 amperes, in the case of a fault lasting 0.5 seconds, are generally between 2 and 5 bars.
  • the tank thereof can be produced in the form of two half-shells made of aluminum alloy injected under pressure.
  • the aluminum alloy used may for example be the aluminum alloy bearing the reference (AS7G).
  • AS7G the aluminum alloy bearing the reference
  • the tank will be produced by two injected half-shells, the shells being assembled by argon welding.
  • the geometry of the tank perfectly matches the contours of the active part of the transformer, reducing the distances between parts under high voltage and parts at ground potential at minimum required.
  • This distance d is between 10 and 30 mm, 10 ⁇ d ⁇ 30 mm.
  • the tanks thus produced make it possible to withstand an internal tank pressure of at least 5 bars. This allows the device to withstand an internal fault, with a short-circuit current of up to 1000 A, of duration corresponding to the reaction time of the protections usually installed on high-voltage, MV, distribution networks, this without manifestation outside.
  • the tank itself is partially filled with electrically insulating dielectric fluid, the upper part of the aforementioned free fluid surface constituted by the silicone oil being filled with a neutral gas such as nitrogen for example.
  • FIG. 1 shows the free surface of the oil level denoted NH, the upper part above the aforementioned free surface being filled with the aforementioned gas.
  • the silicone oil used was an oil sold by the company RHONE-POULENC under the name Rhodorsil Oil 604 V 50, this oil belonging to the family of dimethylpolysiloxanes.
  • insulating materials 10 capable of being used for the implementation of the transformer which is the subject of the present invention, there may be mentioned in addition to the aramid paper NOMEX previously mentioned, the aramid paper with mica, and the insulating material sold by the same company of Pont de Nemours International SA under the Kapton® brand. These materials are high quality materials capable of working at temperatures between 200 to 220 ° for 20 years without significant change in their dielectric or insulating characteristics.
  • FIG 3a there is shown a front view, a side view and a top view of the transformer object of the present invention, wherein the tank 1 was made of aluminum alloy as mentioned above.
  • a modification of the transformer object of the invention further comprises on each high voltage supply, as shown in FIG. 3b in particular, a fuse denoted 30, this fuse being placed inside the tank and submerged or not in the silicone oil.
  • the fuses 30 could be constituted by fuses with current limitation, which make it possible to ensure extinction of the electric fault arc.
  • expulsion fuses may be used. In these two cases, these fuses may have a breaking capacity greater than one hundred amperes.
  • the fuses 30 can be arranged in each of the high-voltage incoming terminals.
  • this modification of the transformer which is the subject of the present invention achieves a synergistic effect between the protection against bursting or explosion, due to the use of insulation between primary and secondary windings produced by a pair of insulating materials.
  • a modification of the transformer according to the invention comprises three high-voltage fuses located between the supply phases and the active part of the transformer, of simplified design since it should only protect the transformer for fault currents located beyond 1000 A, as a complement to the measures mentioned above to form a combination of protections which economically cover all the short-circuit intensities encountered on a HTA distribution network.
  • FIG. 3c is shown on the one hand the high voltage incoming terminals, and the fuses 30 in their electrical wiring diagram with the high voltage windings, which conventionally are connected in a triangle or in a star.
  • the transformer according to the invention can be produced in such a way that the low-voltage windings are dimensioned for adiabatic heating at a given current lower than that of the high-voltage windings, this measure guaranteeing in the event of a maintained short circuit downstream of the transformer, the appearance of an electrical fault on the high-voltage side, resulting in a large fault current because it is not limited by the leakage inductance between the MV winding and the LV winding, and therefore a fusion better and faster high-voltage fuses.
  • a non-explosive high / low voltage transformer has thus been described which is particularly advantageous insofar as it also allows operation in a permanent overload regime.
  • the transformer of the present invention makes it possible to take into account new requirements such as the reduction of voltage drops internal to the transformer, the connection of surge arresters or the connection under voltage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Eingetauchter Hoch-/Niederspannungstransformator, umfassend ein metallisches Gehäuse (1), das eine dielektrische Flüssigkeit (20) enthält, in der die Primär- (2) und Sekundärwicklungen eingetaucht sind, wobei die Wicklungen selbst durch einen festen Isolator (10) isoliert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    a) die dielektrische Flüssigkeit (20) und der feste Isolator (10) einen thermischen Index von zumindest 180°C zeigen und bei dieser Temperatur einerseits die Abwesenheit der Emission von Dekompositionsgas und andererseits die Abwesenheit der Emission von Gas unter der Einwirkung elektrischer Bögen, merklich sicherstellen, wobei der thermische Index durch die Temperaturklasse des Isolators definiert ist, definiert durch die Publikation 85 der CEI: Empfehlungen bezüglich der Klassifikation von Materialien, bestimmt zur Isolierung von elektrischen Maschinen und Apparaten, in der Funktion ihrer thermischen Stabilität während des Betriebes,
    b) das Gehäuse einen Innendruck von mindestens 5 bar aushält,
    c) der Abstand zwischen den internen Teilen unter Druck im Inneren des Gehäuses und der Wand desselben zwischen 10 und 30 mm liegt.
  2. Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dielektrische Flüssigkeit aus Silikon-Öl besteht.
  3. Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der feste Isolator aus Papier und Polyaramid-Fasern besteht.
  4. Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der feste Isolator, der die Leiter der Hochspannungswicklungen umgibt, aus Emaille besteht.
  5. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse aus einer gegossene Aluminiumlegierung besteht.
  6. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oberhalb der Höhe des Öles angeordnete Volumen aus einem neutralen Gas besteht.
  7. Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Wicklungen und den Eingangspolen des Stromes Sicherungen zur Abfuhr oder zur Begrenzung des Stromes vorgesehen sind.
EP92402586A 1991-09-23 1992-09-21 Nichtexplosiver eingetauchter Hoch-/Niederspannungstransformator unter dauernden Überlast-Zustand Expired - Lifetime EP0536019B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9111684A FR2681722B1 (fr) 1991-09-23 1991-09-23 Transformateur immerge non explosif haute/basse tension en regime de surcharge permanente.
FR9111684 1991-09-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0536019A1 EP0536019A1 (de) 1993-04-07
EP0536019B1 true EP0536019B1 (de) 1997-07-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92402586A Expired - Lifetime EP0536019B1 (de) 1991-09-23 1992-09-21 Nichtexplosiver eingetauchter Hoch-/Niederspannungstransformator unter dauernden Überlast-Zustand

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0536019B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE155279T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69220747T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0536019T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2106845T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2681722B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3024332T3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2447528C2 (ru) * 2006-07-03 2012-04-10 С.Э.А. Сочиета Элеттромекканика Арциньянезе С.П.А. Мощный реактор для передачи энергии

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7298055B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-11-20 Abb Technology Ag Auxiliary power supply for a wind turbine
CN104795222A (zh) * 2015-04-27 2015-07-22 常州特种变压器有限公司 高过载能力配电变压器

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB388276A (en) * 1931-06-24 1933-02-23 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric induction apparatus
CA1086487A (en) * 1975-09-25 1980-09-30 Edwin A. Link Insulating oil, method of use and electrical equipment utilizing said oil
JPS6016405A (ja) * 1984-06-25 1985-01-28 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 安定器
JPH0218912A (ja) * 1988-07-07 1990-01-23 Toshiba Corp 箔巻変圧器
US4944975A (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-07-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composite coil forms for electrical systems
FR2641038B1 (de) * 1988-12-23 1994-02-11 Marchal Equip Automobiles

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2447528C2 (ru) * 2006-07-03 2012-04-10 С.Э.А. Сочиета Элеттромекканика Арциньянезе С.П.А. Мощный реактор для передачи энергии

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0536019T3 (da) 1997-12-29
FR2681722A1 (fr) 1993-03-26
DE69220747T2 (de) 1998-01-08
DE69220747D1 (de) 1997-08-14
ES2106845T3 (es) 1997-11-16
GR3024332T3 (en) 1997-10-31
EP0536019A1 (de) 1993-04-07
FR2681722B1 (fr) 1994-04-08
ATE155279T1 (de) 1997-07-15

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