EP0533670A1 - Adding a malodorant to a gas and liquid gas mixture. - Google Patents

Adding a malodorant to a gas and liquid gas mixture.

Info

Publication number
EP0533670A1
EP0533670A1 EP90910956A EP90910956A EP0533670A1 EP 0533670 A1 EP0533670 A1 EP 0533670A1 EP 90910956 A EP90910956 A EP 90910956A EP 90910956 A EP90910956 A EP 90910956A EP 0533670 A1 EP0533670 A1 EP 0533670A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
consumer
malodorant
mercaptan
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90910956A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0533670B1 (en
Inventor
Erik Smars
Timo Suominen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGA AB
Original Assignee
AGA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by AGA AB filed Critical AGA AB
Priority to AT90910956T priority Critical patent/ATE122264T1/en
Publication of EP0533670A1 publication Critical patent/EP0533670A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0533670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0533670B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/003—Additives for gaseous fuels
    • C10L3/006—Additives for gaseous fuels detectable by the senses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B01F23/12—Mixing gases with gases with vaporisation of a liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of adding a malodorant to a consumer gas which is distributed to a consumer station, so that persons present in the surroundings of the distribution system will be warned that the surroun ⁇ ding atmosphere contains more than the lowest permitted concentration of gas, therewith constituting the risk of explosion, suffocation, toxicity or some other risk.
  • gases which can be odorized in this way is oxygen, which can cause extremely comprehensive fire and explosion damage if it leaks into the surroundings ambient of the distribution system and/or the consumer station and therewith enriches the ambient air or atmosphere.
  • Another example includes combustible gases, such as natural gas, propane gas, town gas, etc., which when admixed with atmospheric oxygen can give rise to fires and explosions.
  • Another example includes odorless, toxic gases or more or less inert gases. If these latter gases escape into the ambient surrounds, they are able to displace the oxygen in the air, thereby creating suffocation conditions.
  • the Finnish Patent Application No. 870146 describes an improved method of adding a malodorant to oxygen gas so that if the air becomes enriched with oxygen, individuals in the near vicinity are warned that there is an imminent risk of explosion.
  • This improved method eliminates the need of han ⁇ dling toxic malodorants by the consumer, thereby avoiding the risk of explosion created by the addition of such malodor ⁇ ants.
  • a gaseous mixture of malodorant and a carrier gas in this case oxygen, a so-called master gas, by adding to the oxygen gas a malodorant in a concentration of 1,000- 10,000 ppm.
  • the master gas is admixed with oxygen gas distributed to the consumer in an amount such that the malodorant has a concentration of 5-50 ppm in the consumer gas.
  • the master gas contains solely oxygen and malodorant, for example dimethyl sulphide, DMS
  • DMS dimethyl sulphide
  • this application teaches a method of producing a master gas consisting of 0 oxygen and a malodorant, in this case dimethyl sulphide.
  • the master gas container is first filled with a mixture of dimethyl sulphide and nitrogen or helium gas.
  • the dimethyl sulphide is present in a concentration of 0.5-2.5 mole per cent.
  • Oxygen gas is then 5 introduced until a desired working pressure, e.g. 200 bars, is obtained in the container.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a 0 method for producing master gas for admixture with a consumer gas, preferably natural gas and other combustible gases, such as town gas and propane gas, and oxygen, and which avoids the aforesaid drawbacks.
  • a consumer gas preferably natural gas and other combustible gases, such as town gas and propane gas, and oxygen
  • the method is characterized by dissolving a malodorant 5 in the form of an organic sulphur compound or a mixture of two or more organic sulphur compounds, said compounds comprising tetrahydrothiophene, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide and methylethyl sulphide, in condensed carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride or dinitrogen oxide in a pressure vessel, thereby obtaining in the pressure vessel a liquid phase, consisting of a solution of the malodorant in the condensed gas, and a gas phase; and by removing the liquid phase from the vessel, vaporizing said liquid phase and adding the vapor phase to the consumer gas distributed to the consumer.
  • a malodorant 5 in the form of an organic sulphur compound or a mixture of two or more organic sulphur compounds, said
  • the malodorant has a concentration of 0.5-10 mole per cent in the master gas. It is also preferred to add the master gas to the consumer gas in a quantity such that the malodorant concentration in said consumer gas is 1-20 ppm.
  • the invention also relates to a gaseous mixture con ⁇ sisting of liquid carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride or dinitrogen oxide containing a dissolved malodorant of the aforesaid kind.
  • the malodorant which is an ill-smelling organic com- pound or a mixture of two or more such compounds, is intro ⁇ pokerd into the carrier gas, i.e. the condensed gas, as nitrous gas (laughing gas) , sulphur hexafluoride or prefera ⁇ bly carbon dioxide, in an amount of 0.5-10 mole per cent, calculated on the total quantity of gas.
  • the carrier gas i.e. the condensed gas, as nitrous gas (laughing gas) , sulphur hexafluoride or prefera ⁇ bly carbon dioxide
  • the aforesaid ill- smelling substances are soluble in the condensed gases in quantities suf ⁇ ficient to enable the method to be applied in practice.
  • the pressure in the resultant gas phase will vary when the gas mixture is stored at differing temperatures.
  • the malodorant content of the condensed gas is only affected to a negligible extent at temperatures within the range of -40°C to +50°C.
  • Admixture of the master gas i.e.
  • the carrier gas diluted with the malodorant, with the consumer gas is effected by first removing the liquid mixture of carrier gas and malodorant from the pressure vessel in which the mixture is stored, and vaporizing the liquid phase and then introduc- ing the gaseous mixture into the consumer gas in quantities such that the concentration of malodorant in the consumer gas will lie within the range of 1-50 ppm (1.0001-0.0050 mole per cent) , preferably within the range of 1-20 ppm.
  • the master gas i.e.
  • the gas mixture consisting of malodorant and carrier gas is to be admixed with a consumer gas which is distributed to various consumer stations through a pipe network or a through a central gas system, a gas mixer of more or less conventional kind is connected to the system upstream of the inlet to the pipe network.
  • the consumer gas and the master gas are mixed in desired proportions in this mixer.
  • the gas mixer includes a control system by means of which the ratio between the flow of master gas and the flow of consumer gas can be constantly maintained at a constant level. For example, if the master gas contains 2 mole per -cent malodorant and the consumer gas shall contain 4 ppm malodorant, the aforesaid ratio shall be 1:5000.
  • the vaporized mixture When the consumer gas is distributed to the consumer in a high pressure container, the vaporized mixture, the master gas, is first introduced into the container in a quantity such that the desired proportion of malodorant is obtained when subsequently introducing the consumer gas into the container to the desired container pressure.
  • the consumer gas containing the malodorant added thereto in accordance with the invention will therefore contain a given amount of carrier gas in addition to the malodorant.
  • the carrier-gas content of the master gas is, for instance, 95 mole per cent, i.e. the master gas contains 5 mole per cent malodorant, an admixture has been effected with one part of master gas to 5000 parts of consumer gas, the malodorant content will be 10 ppm and the carrier gas content, e.g. carbon dioxide, will be 0.02 mole per cent.
  • This proportion of non-combustible carrier gas is insig ⁇ nificant with regard to combustible gases.

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé d'adjonction d'une substance malodorante dans un gaz utilisé par des consommateurs, tel que de l'oxygène, du gaz naturel, du gaz propane, du gaz de ville ou tout autre gaz combustible, qui n'a pas d'odeur et qui est toxique, ou bien à un gaz plus ou moins inerte alimentant un point de consommation. L'adjonction de cette substance malodorante permet d'avertir les personnes se trouvant à proximité du point de consommation qu'il existe un risque d'incendie, d'explosion, d'asphyxie, de toxicité ou un autre risque lié à la présence d'un gaz de consommation dans l'atmosphère environnante, et ce, en raison d'une fuite, d'une négligence ou pour toute autre raison. Ce procédé comprend le mélange d'un gaz principal, par exemple, un gaz porteur dilué avec la substance malodorante, avec le gaz de consommation. Le trait caractéristique de ce procédé réside dans la dissolution de la substance molodorante qui se présente sous forme d'un composé de soufre organique ou d'un mélange de deux ou plusieurs composés de soufre organique, ces composés comprenant du tétrahydrothiophène, du mercaptan de méthyle, du mercaptan d'éthyle, du mercaptan de propyle et du mercaptan de butyle, du sulfure de diméthyle, du sulfure de diéthyle et du sulfure de méthyléthyle, dans du dioxyde de carbone condensé, de l'hexafluorure de soufre ou de l'oxyde nitreux dans un récipient de pression, qui produisent dans ce dernier une phase liquide, constituée d'une solution de substance malodorante dans le gaz condensé, et une phase gazeuse; on élimine ensuite la phase liquide du récipient, par vaporisation, et on ajoute la phase vapeur résultante dans le gaz de consommation, qui est alors distribué aux consommateurs. Cette invention concerne également un mélange gazeux comprenant la substance malodorante sous forme de dioxyde de carbone, d'hexafluorure de soufre ou d'oxyde nitreux condensés.This invention relates to a method of adding a smelly substance to a gas used by consumers, such as oxygen, natural gas, propane gas, town gas or any other combustible gas, which has no no smell and which is toxic, or to a more or less inert gas supplying a point of consumption. The addition of this smelly substance warns people near the point of consumption that there is a risk of fire, explosion, asphyxiation, toxicity or another risk related to the presence of 'a consumer gas in the surrounding atmosphere due to leakage, neglect or for any other reason. This process involves mixing a main gas, for example, a carrier gas diluted with the smelly substance, with the consumer gas. The characteristic feature of this process lies in the dissolution of the odoriferous substance which is in the form of an organic sulfur compound or of a mixture of two or more organic sulfur compounds, these compounds comprising tetrahydrothiophene, methyl mercaptan , ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan and butyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide and methylethyl sulfide, in condensed carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride or oxide nitrous in a pressure vessel, which produce in the latter a liquid phase, consisting of a solution of smelly substance in the condensed gas, and a gas phase; the liquid phase is then removed from the container, by vaporization, and the resulting vapor phase is added to the consumption gas, which is then distributed to consumers. The invention also relates to a gas mixture comprising the smelly substance in the form of carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride or condensed nitrous oxide.

Description

ADDING A MAIiODORAN TO A GAS AND LIQUID GAS MIXTURE
The present invention relates to a method of adding a malodorant to a consumer gas which is distributed to a consumer station, so that persons present in the surroundings of the distribution system will be warned that the surroun¬ ding atmosphere contains more than the lowest permitted concentration of gas, therewith constituting the risk of explosion, suffocation, toxicity or some other risk. An example of gases which can be odorized in this way is oxygen, which can cause extremely comprehensive fire and explosion damage if it leaks into the surroundings ambient of the distribution system and/or the consumer station and therewith enriches the ambient air or atmosphere. Another example includes combustible gases, such as natural gas, propane gas, town gas, etc., which when admixed with atmospheric oxygen can give rise to fires and explosions. Another example includes odorless, toxic gases or more or less inert gases. If these latter gases escape into the ambient surrounds, they are able to displace the oxygen in the air, thereby creating suffocation conditions.
The Finnish Patent Application No. 870146 describes an improved method of adding a malodorant to oxygen gas so that if the air becomes enriched with oxygen, individuals in the near vicinity are warned that there is an imminent risk of explosion. This improved method eliminates the need of han¬ dling toxic malodorants by the consumer, thereby avoiding the risk of explosion created by the addition of such malodor¬ ants. In a space or chamber provided for this purpose, there is produced a gaseous mixture of malodorant and a carrier gas, in this case oxygen, a so-called master gas, by adding to the oxygen gas a malodorant in a concentration of 1,000- 10,000 ppm. In a separate space or chamber, isolated from the aforesaid space, the master gas is admixed with oxygen gas distributed to the consumer in an amount such that the malodorant has a concentration of 5-50 ppm in the consumer gas.
However, when the master gas contains solely oxygen and malodorant, for example dimethyl sulphide, DMS, problems can occur when filling the master gas container. For instance, it is unavoidable to lie in a concentration range during part of the filling procedure in which the mixture is combustible, 5. at least in a part of the container. There is thus a risk of ignition and explosion.
One method of avoiding this risk is described in Finnish Patent Application No. 872278. Thus, this application teaches a method of producing a master gas consisting of 0 oxygen and a malodorant, in this case dimethyl sulphide. According to this described method, the master gas container is first filled with a mixture of dimethyl sulphide and nitrogen or helium gas. The dimethyl sulphide is present in a concentration of 0.5-2.5 mole per cent. Oxygen gas is then 5 introduced until a desired working pressure, e.g. 200 bars, is obtained in the container.
One drawback with the master gas produced in with this described method, however, is that during transportation and storage, the master gas must not be subjected to tempera- 0 tures which are so low as to condense the malodorant. For example, in the case of a master gas which consists of 0.2 mole per cent dimethyl sulphide, 9.8 mole per cent helium or nitrogen and 90 mole per cent oxygen at 200 bars, dimethyl sulphide will condense when the temperature falls beneath 5 13°C. When the master gas container is subsequently heated to a temperature above 13°C, a very long time elapses before the condensed dimethyl sulphide has again returned to a gaseous stat .
The object of the present invention is to provide a 0 method for producing master gas for admixture with a consumer gas, preferably natural gas and other combustible gases, such as town gas and propane gas, and oxygen, and which avoids the aforesaid drawbacks.
The method is characterized by dissolving a malodorant 5 in the form of an organic sulphur compound or a mixture of two or more organic sulphur compounds, said compounds comprising tetrahydrothiophene, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide and methylethyl sulphide, in condensed carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride or dinitrogen oxide in a pressure vessel, thereby obtaining in the pressure vessel a liquid phase, consisting of a solution of the malodorant in the condensed gas, and a gas phase; and by removing the liquid phase from the vessel, vaporizing said liquid phase and adding the vapor phase to the consumer gas distributed to the consumer. According to one preferred embodiment, the malodorant has a concentration of 0.5-10 mole per cent in the master gas. It is also preferred to add the master gas to the consumer gas in a quantity such that the malodorant concentration in said consumer gas is 1-20 ppm. Other advantageous embodiments of the inventive method will be evident from the dependent Claims 4-8. The invention also relates to a gaseous mixture con¬ sisting of liquid carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride or dinitrogen oxide containing a dissolved malodorant of the aforesaid kind.
The malodorant, which is an ill-smelling organic com- pound or a mixture of two or more such compounds, is intro¬ duced into the carrier gas, i.e. the condensed gas, as nitrous gas (laughing gas) , sulphur hexafluoride or prefera¬ bly carbon dioxide, in an amount of 0.5-10 mole per cent, calculated on the total quantity of gas. The aforesaid ill- smelling substances, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, tetrahydrothiophene, dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide and methyl ethyl sul¬ phide, are soluble in the condensed gases in quantities suf¬ ficient to enable the method to be applied in practice. The pressure in the resultant gas phase will vary when the gas mixture is stored at differing temperatures. The malodorant content of the condensed gas is only affected to a negligible extent at temperatures within the range of -40°C to +50°C. Admixture of the master gas, i.e. the carrier gas diluted with the malodorant, with the consumer gas is effected by first removing the liquid mixture of carrier gas and malodorant from the pressure vessel in which the mixture is stored, and vaporizing the liquid phase and then introduc- ing the gaseous mixture into the consumer gas in quantities such that the concentration of malodorant in the consumer gas will lie within the range of 1-50 ppm (1.0001-0.0050 mole per cent) , preferably within the range of 1-20 ppm. When the master gas, i.e. the gas mixture consisting of malodorant and carrier gas, is to be admixed with a consumer gas which is distributed to various consumer stations through a pipe network or a through a central gas system, a gas mixer of more or less conventional kind is connected to the system upstream of the inlet to the pipe network. The consumer gas and the master gas are mixed in desired proportions in this mixer. The gas mixer includes a control system by means of which the ratio between the flow of master gas and the flow of consumer gas can be constantly maintained at a constant level. For example, if the master gas contains 2 mole per -cent malodorant and the consumer gas shall contain 4 ppm malodorant, the aforesaid ratio shall be 1:5000.
When the consumer gas is distributed to the consumer in a high pressure container, the vaporized mixture, the master gas, is first introduced into the container in a quantity such that the desired proportion of malodorant is obtained when subsequently introducing the consumer gas into the container to the desired container pressure.
The consumer gas containing the malodorant added thereto in accordance with the invention will therefore contain a given amount of carrier gas in addition to the malodorant. When the carrier-gas content of the master gas is, for instance, 95 mole per cent, i.e. the master gas contains 5 mole per cent malodorant, an admixture has been effected with one part of master gas to 5000 parts of consumer gas, the malodorant content will be 10 ppm and the carrier gas content, e.g. carbon dioxide, will be 0.02 mole per cent. This proportion of non-combustible carrier gas is insig¬ nificant with regard to combustible gases. Neither will this carrier gas content have any noticeable negative effect when using oxygen which contains a malodorant for different industrial flame processes, such as welding, cutting and heating work. The purity of oxygen produced industrially today is often some tens of per cent units above the degree of purity required for gas cutting work, for example.

Claims

1. A method of adding a malodorant to a consumer gas, such as oxygen, natural gas, propane gas, town gas or some other combustible gas, an odorless, toxic gas or a more or less inert gas distributed to a consumer station for the purpose of warning individuals in the surroundings that there is a risk of fire, explosion, suffocation, toxicity or some other risk due to the presence of consumer gas in the surrounding atmosphere as a result of leakage, negligence or some other reason, said method including the step of mixing a master gas, i.e. a carrier gas diluted with malodorant, with the consumer gas, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by the further steps of dissolving the malodorant in the form of an organic sulphur compound or a mixture of two or more organic sulphur compounds, these compounds comprising tetrahydrothiophene, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide and methyl- ethyl sulphide, in condensed carbon dioxide, sulphur hexaflu- oride or dinitrogen oxide in a pressure vessel, thereby obtaining in the pressure vessel a liquid phase, consisting of a solution of malodorant in the condensed gas, and a gas phase; and removing the liquid phase from the vessel, vaporizing said liquid phase and supplying the resultant vapor phase to the consumer gas, which is distributed to the consumer.
2. A method according to Claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the concentration of the malodorant in the master gas is 0.5-10 mole per cent.
3. A method according to Claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by adding the master gas to the consumer gas in an amount such that the concentration of malodorant in the consumer gas is 1-20 ppm.
4. A method according to one or more of Claims 1-3, where the consumer gas is distributed to the consumer through a conduit system at relatively low overpressure, c a r c ¬ t e r i z e d by supplying the vaporized gas mixture to the consumer gas via a gas mixer of known kind prior to intro- ducing the consumer gas into the conduit system.
5. A method according to Claim 3, where the consumer gas is distributed to the consumer in a high pressure container, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by introducing the vaporized gas mixture into said container prior to introducing the com¬ pressed, pure consumer gas into said container.
6. A method according to one or more of Claims 1-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the malodorant is tetra- hydrothiophene, and in that the consumer gas is natural gas.
7. A method according to one or more of Claims 1-6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the malodorant is dis¬ solved in carbon dioxide.
8. A gas mixture containing a malodorant for addition to a consumer gas, for instance oxygen, natural gas, propane gas, town gas or some other combustible gas, an odorless toxic gas or a more or less inert gas, distributed to a consumer station, for the purpose of warning individuals in the surroundings that there is a risk of fire, explosion, suffocation, toxicity or some other risk due to the presence of consumer gas in the surrounding atmosphere as a result of leakage, negligence or some other reason, said method including the step of mixing a master gas, i.e. a carrier gas diluted with malodorant, with the consumer gas, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the malodorant has the form of an organic sulphur compound or a mixture of two or more organic sulphur compounds, said sulphur compounds consisting of methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, tetrahydrothiophene, dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide and methyl sulphide dissolved in condensed carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride or dinitrogen oxide in a pressure vessel.
9. A gas mixture according to Claim 8, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the malodorant is present in the condensed gas in an amount of 0.5-10 mole per cent.
10. A gas mixture according to Claim 8 or 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the malodorant is dis¬ solved in liquid carbon dioxide.
EP90910956A 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Adding a malodorant to oxygen gas and suitable liquid odorising mixture Expired - Lifetime EP0533670B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90910956T ATE122264T1 (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 ODORIZATION OF OXYGEN GAS WITH A SMELLING SUBSTANCE AND LIQUID MIXTURE SUITABLE THEREFOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1990/000340 WO1991017817A1 (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Adding a malodorant to a gas and liquid gas mixture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0533670A1 true EP0533670A1 (en) 1993-03-31
EP0533670B1 EP0533670B1 (en) 1995-05-10

Family

ID=20378412

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90910956A Expired - Lifetime EP0533670B1 (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Adding a malodorant to oxygen gas and suitable liquid odorising mixture

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0533670B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05507022A (en)
AU (1) AU650849B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9008026A (en)
DE (1) DE69019378T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0533670T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2072441T3 (en)
LT (1) LT3095B (en)
LV (1) LV10212B (en)
NO (1) NO177456C (en)
RU (1) RU2041920C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991017817A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5632295A (en) * 1992-06-16 1997-05-27 Aga Aktiebolag Method and an apparatus for adding a melodorant to a consumer gas

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SE9401827L (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-05-22 Erik Smaars Konsult Ab Method and apparatus for adding odorant to a consumable gas flowing in a gas line
DE19745851B4 (en) * 1997-10-16 2006-03-23 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Odoration of acetylene
RU2596954C1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2016-09-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инновационные химические технологии" Method of detecting pre-fire situations arising due to faults in electric circuit
RU2622947C2 (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-06-21 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инновационные химические технологии" Polymer composite material used for forming an electrical equipment local overheats signal
KR102142085B1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2020-08-07 리미티드 라이어빌리티 컴퍼니 “터모일렉트리카” Apparatus for warning of fire precursor conditions resulting from local overheating of electrical installations

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CA1006353A (en) * 1972-10-02 1977-03-08 David K. Mulliner Method and system for odorizing liquid natural gas with thiophene
FI870146A0 (en) 1987-01-15 1987-01-15 Tauno Kalervo Koponen CASSETTE SOM TRANSFORMERAR STRAOLVAERMEN.
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FI93270C (en) * 1988-11-30 1995-03-10 Aga Ab Process for adding odorant to oxygen gas

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5632295A (en) * 1992-06-16 1997-05-27 Aga Aktiebolag Method and an apparatus for adding a melodorant to a consumer gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6030590A (en) 1991-12-10
DE69019378T2 (en) 1995-09-14
BR9008026A (en) 1993-04-06
EP0533670B1 (en) 1995-05-10
ES2072441T3 (en) 1995-07-16
LTIP183A (en) 1994-06-15
LT3095B (en) 1994-11-25
DE69019378D1 (en) 1995-06-14
JPH05507022A (en) 1993-10-14
RU2041920C1 (en) 1995-08-20
AU650849B2 (en) 1994-07-07
NO177456C (en) 2000-02-21
LV10212B (en) 1995-08-20
LV10212A (en) 1994-10-20
NO177456B (en) 1995-06-12
NO924460L (en) 1992-11-19
DK0533670T3 (en) 1995-10-02
WO1991017817A1 (en) 1991-11-28
NO924460D0 (en) 1992-11-19

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