Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
  • C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/003—Transfer printing

Definitions

• This invention is concerned with improvements relating to printing inks, particularly for use with methods of printing decorative patterns, for example onto textile.
• ink is used herein generically as including compositions and materials which may be applied to sheet material, including but not limited to fabric or textile material in sheet form, generally.
• a printing ink comprising [a] a polymeric carrier material; [bj a plasticiser;
• the polymeric material is present in a quantity ( excluding the pigment) are between 25% and 45%.
• the polymeric material is afforded by a surface coating resin containing hydroxyl groups, and preferably comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• the carrier material is in the form of a copolymer, conveniently a copolymer of PVC and acrylic acid ester or polyvinyl acetate (PVA).
• the polymeric material comprises a mixture of copolymers for example in proportions between 60:40 and 40:60.
• the plasticiser is utilised in a quantity significantly greater than would normally be used, and is preferably present in, in relation to the carrier material, in proportions between 60:40 and 40:60.
• the effect of the plasticiser is significantly to reduce the viscosity of the printing ink, particularly where the printing ink is one which is solid at room temperature.
• plasticiser a constituent comprising a material selected from the group consisting of adipates, phthalates, sebacates, citrates and phosphates.
• the plasticiser comprises a second plasticising component, conveniently selected from the group consisting of polyurethane-based polymeric plasticisers.
• ink comprises an antioxidant, such as a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant which protects the carrier material against thermo-oxidative degradation.
• an antioxidant such as a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant which protects the carrier material against thermo-oxidative degradation.
• an organotin stabiliser of the octyltin mercaptide type is utilised.
• the ink comprises a wax, preferably in an amount (excluding pigment) at less than 4%, conveniently afforded by a polyethylene wax, preferably a partially- oxidised polyethylene wax.
• a polyethylene wax preferably a partially- oxidised polyethylene wax.
• the ink comprises a lubricant, conveniently an epoxidised soya bean oil.
• a lubricant conveniently an epoxidised soya bean oil.
• the effect of such a lubricant is to counter the negative effect of the stabiliser, which can cause the compound to stick to the engraved etch in the printing roller, producing an unlevel print. Additionally, such a lubricant has some secondary heat stabilisation effect.
• the printing ink comprises a thixotropic agent, conveniently one based on calcium, such as a partially hydrated mixed carbonate of magnesium and calcium.
• a thixotropic agent conveniently one based on calcium, such as a partially hydrated mixed carbonate of magnesium and calcium.
• patterns consisting of inks of a plurality of different colours may be applied to transfer sheet for subsequent application.
• the transfer sheet may be in the form of a continuance web conveniently paper.
• the paper may be of heavy duty, being capable of being applied directly to a surface to be decorated.
• a paper of lighter weight may be utilised.
• the ink is in the form of a powder at room temperature, and is melted prior to application by way of the printing roll to the transfer sheet.
• the ink may be fluid at room temperature, e.g. liquid or paste, and under these conditions preferably subsequent to each application of ink onto the transfer sheet, the sheet is passed through a heating station to initiate curing of the ink on the carrier, e.g. by the use of IR radiation.
• the ink is applied in reverse order of light absorbency, so that the lighter colours of ink are applied first, and the darker colours are applied last.
• the transfer sheet may be flocked, and the ink applied to the flocked transfer sheet so as to penetrate the flocking.
• the exposed surface of the coated flocking is coated with an adhesive material, by spraying, dusting, roller application or the like.
• the flocked carrier may be cut into pieces, and the pieces individually applied as a decoration by the application of pressure and heat between the receiving material and the transfer sheet, so that the exposed (adhesive-coated) surface is adhered to the receiving material, and the decorative pattern appears on the reverse side of the flocking when the transfer sheet has been peeled away.
• the method may include the further step of transferring the pattern to sheet textile by the use of heat and pressure applied between the transfer sheet and the textile.
• a completed pattern, produced as described above, may be transferred directly to a flocked material.
• Formula 1 consists of the following compositions, in the following approximate amounts:
• polymeric carrier material preferably are used surface coating resins containing hydroxyl groups based on copolymers of vinyl chloride and acrylic acid ester or vinyl acetate.
• Formula 1 blend of two copolymers is used, specifically Vinnol E/40a and E15/48a, supplied by Wacker-Chemie GMBH, of Germany.
• the materials are provided in the form of white powders, having a particle size of less than 4 mm, and a packing density of approximately 0.4 gram per centimetre cube.
• the physical specification of these materials are as follows:
• VYHH, VYHD, VYLF, VAGH, VAGD, VROH, VMCH, VMCC, VMCA as supplied by Union Carbide (UK) Limited of England.
• Unimoll 66 As plasticiser preferably Unimoll 66 is utilised, a dicyclohexyl phthalate plasticiser manufactured by Bayer AG, Germany. Unimoll 66 is supplied as a white crystalline material, and has only limited compatibility with PVC.
• plasticisers which could be used include adipates, phthalates. sebacates, citrates, phosphates and other monomeric and polymeric materials when manufactured in a dry PVC carrier system.
• REOMOL TPP as manufactured by Ciba- Geigy may be utilised.
• Ultramoll PU As a second constituent of the plasticiser, Ultramoll PU is utilised, as manufactured by Bayer AG.
• Ultramoll PU is a highly flexible polyurethane based polymeric plasticiser in the form of colourless and odourless powder and incorporates a small proportion of PVC as powdering agent. This product is especially designed for combination with PVC at any ratio, also allowing incorporation of monomeric plasticiser and other polymeric plasticiser. Additionally however, the use of Ultramoll PU affords resistance to extraction by most common solvents, including perchloro and trichloroethylene.
• a wax constituent preferably used Irgawax 371, manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Marienberg GMBH of Germany. This material is partially oxidised polyethylene wax, and due to its limited capability with PVC it exhibits a pronounced external lubricating action. Concentrations above 0.2 phr it has a noticeable antisticking effect, reducing the sticking tendency of the melt onto the hot metal parts of the printing roller.
• other wax-type release agents may be utilised, including Epolene C10P manufactured by Eastman Chemical Corporation, and Hoechst-wachs PED 521, manufactured by Hoechst AG.
• Irganox 1076 manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Marienberg GMBH, of Germany.
• Irganox 1076 is a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant which protects the substrates into which it is incorporated against thermo- oxidative degradation.
• the chemical structure is believed to be octadecyle 3-(3,5-di- tert.butyle-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate.
• antioxidants such as Irganox 1010, or Hostanox DAR 24, manufactured by Hoechst A.G. STABILISER
• an organotin stabiliser of the octyltin mercaptide type is utilised, preferably Irgastab 17 MOK, manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Marienberg GMBH.
• Irgastab 17 MOK allows the melted compound to be processed for longer or at higher temperature without discolouration or degradation. This prolongs the life of the melted ink, preventing discolouration from occurring and also ensuring colour consistency from batch to batch of compound produced.
• octyltin PVC stabilisers can be used, such as Hostastab SNS 10, manufactured by Hoechst AG, or Tinstab ZT 903, supplied by Haagen Chemie b.v. of Holland. LUBRICANT
• Reoplast 392 manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Marienberge GMBH is used, being a grade of epoxidised soya bean oil designed for use as an internal lubricant for PVC.
• the Reoplast 392 counters the negative effects of the octyltin stabiliser, which can cause the compound to stick into the engraved etch of the impression rollers, thus producing an unlevel print onto the paper. It acts not only as an internal lubricant but also as a secondary heat stabiliser, thus reinforcing the advantages of the primary heat stabiliser.
• thixotropic component it is preferred to use Ultracarb U5, manufactured by Microfme Minerals & Chemicals Limited, of England.
• the material is a natural carbonate filler, additionally having flame retardant properties.
• Ultracarb US introduces a thixotropic effect to the formulation of the melted compound, to reduce the viscosity of the ink under shear, and to retain a high viscosity after transfer, to retain the definition of the transfer design.
• Ucar vinyl resin As polymeric carrier material Ucar vinyl resin was utilised, manufactured by Union Carbide Corporation. This material is a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, approximately 86%/14%. Coatings based on this product are thermo-plastic, non-oxidising and non-heat reactive, with a notable absence of colour odour and taste. Their physical characteristics are as follows:
• Vinnol H15/45, H15/50, H14/36, as manufactured by Wacker-Chemie GMBH could be used.
• Bisoflex DOP is used, manufactured by BP Chemicals Limited of England.
• Bisoflex DOP is well known as a general purpose plasticiser for PVC, having Molecular Mass of 390, a Refractive index of n20.D of 1.487, a Density at 20°C of 0.983 Kg/L, and a Boiling point of 220°C at 5 mbar.
• plasticisers including DINP, DIDP, DIDP, DOA, or DIDA.
• Bisoflex DOP is used in an amount (excluding pigment), of about 24%.
• Perchem MF is a finely divided hydrogenated castor oil that is used generally s a rheological control agent for paints, polyester gel coats, printing inks, cosmetics and the like. In particular, when used in Formula 2, this product imparts a lower melting point and viscosity, allowing a greater percentage of suspended pigment solids.
• ANTIOXIDANT is a finely divided hydrogenated castor oil that is used generally s a rheological control agent for paints, polyester gel coats, printing inks, cosmetics and the like.
• this product imparts a lower melting point and viscosity, allowing a greater percentage of suspended pigment solids.
• other grades of hydrogenated castor oil may be used.
• Hercolyn D is used, in an amount (excluding pigment) of about 11.5%.
• Hercolyn D is manufactured by Hercules BV of the Netherlands, and is a hydrogenated methyl ester of rosin, having an acid number of 4-8.
• This material also serves as a lubricant, having excellent wetting properties in relation to others of the components.
• Organotin stabiliser is utilised, preferably that specified in Formula 1, namely Irgastab 17 MOK.
• other stabilisers may be used.
• a wax constituent totalling about 2% by weight is used, preferably comprising a mixture in general equal proportions, of Epolene C10P and Irgawax 371, described in more detail in relation to Formula 1.
• Ultracarb U5 is preferred, in an amount of about 40% by weight.
• Formula 1 Whilst in Formula 1 the materials are mixed in solid state, in Formula 2 the materials are mixed together at an elevated temperature at which they form a paste, allowing the material when thoroughly mixed to be applied as hereinafter described. Preferably however in the preparation of Formula 2 for application, heat is introduced, to assist thorough mixing and subsequent curing.
• Figure 1 illustrates schematically a machine for applying the first formula, in carrying out a method which is illustrative of certain aspects of this invention, having similarly being selected for the purposes of illustrating the invention by way of example.
• Each of the stations A, B, C and D comprises a mixing station, (better shown in Figure 2) comprising twin calendar rolls 6, 8 into the nip of which the mixed constituents of formula 1 are added, to be calendered to thoroughly mix and melt the constituents.
• a take-off zone 10 is provided to remove the melted ink, and to transfer it to a heated gravure roller 14, allowing molten ink to be transferred to the patterned recesses 16 of the roller (having a depth of approximately 1.5 mm) in conventional manner.
• a doctor blade 18, engaging against the gravure roller over the full length thereof, ensures that the non-engraved portions of the roller 14 are retained free of molten ink.
• Transfer material conveniently in the form of a continuous web 10 of paper, is pulled from a supply roll 22 thereof and fed between the gravure roller 14 and a pressure-applying roller 24, bringing the transfer sheet into contact with the gravure roller, and causing ink from the gravure impressions 16 to be applied to the transfer sheet as it passes between the rollers 14 and 24.
• a wholly acceptable transfer onto a transfer sheet of conventional paper weighing 28 grams/metre 2 is successful.
• the transfer sheet is similarly applied to the gravure roller of successive stations 14b_, 14c. and 14d_ at which further colours are applied to the transfer sheet, to build up a desired pattern of a composite of colours, prior to the sheet being rolled onto a roller 28, where it may be stored until required.
• the transfer sheet 20 When required to be used, the transfer sheet 20 is drawn from the roll 28 and passed between heated rollers 30 and 32, at which the transfer sheet is brought into contact with a web 34 of textile material, ( Figure 3) which picks up the ink image from the transfer sheet.
• a web 34 of textile material ( Figure 3) which picks up the ink image from the transfer sheet.
• the patterns which have been applied to the transfer sheet on its passage through the stations A, B, C and D may successfully be applied to the textile material, allowing scrap transfer sheet to be roller in on a collecting roller 36.
• the printed textile 34 may then be passed over a series of idler rollers 38, prior to being taken off.
• the machine of Figure 2 is suitable for use with the formula No. 2, which when heated is in paste-form, or in the form of a highly viscous liquid.
• the ink is loaded into a trough 12a, at which it is applied to the gravure roller 14, surplus material being removed by the doctor blade 18.
• Ink from the gravure 16 is applied to the transfer sheet 20, by the use of a heated roller 24, and the applied coating is passed beneath a high powered ER lamp 50, which heats the surface of the applied coating and initiates curing and setting thereof.
• Figure 5 illustrates schematically the use of the invention in the preparation of decorative items such as for "Applique” work.
• a flocked transfer sheet 20b comprising a base 21a. of paper or the like material and a coating 21b. of flocking, is passed between a heated gravure roller 14 and a pressure roller 24 to apply ink to the flocked layer 21b, generally similar to the manner described in relation to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
• the surface of the applied ink is coated with a polyester adhesive, such as Turbitrans Elastomelt 95F, manufactured by CHT of Germany, conveniently by the application of the adhesive in powder form, so that the powder adhere to the hot plastics of the ink.
• a polyester adhesive such as Turbitrans Elastomelt 95F, manufactured by CHT of Germany
• Applique items may then be stamped from the flocked sheet, and these may be applied as desired to (e.g.) textile items by laying the adhesive-coated side against the textile item, and applying heat and pressure against the paper layer 21a, sufficient to activate the adhesive and cause the flocking to adhere to the textile.
• the paper backing 20b On setting of the adhesive, the paper backing 20b may be peeled off.
• a completely-formed pattern may be applied to the flocked surface, by the use of a transfer sheet 20 as described in relation to Figures 1 to 4, so that an entire series of patterns is provided to the flocked coating at one time, the ink penetrating the fibres 21b of the flocking down to the base layer 21a, and being provided with a coating of hot melt adhesive on completion of printing.
• applique items may be stamped out of the flocked sheet, and applied by the use of heat and pressure, prior to peeling off of the back layer 21a.
• printed textile may be obtained in a variety of colours and patterns, which have the advantages of colour fastness and durability, particularly being durable under conditions of cleaning processes, are soft to the touch and are non-toxic.
• IRGASTAB (Ciba-Geigy Marienberg GMCH)
• MICROL ⁇ (Ciba-Geigy)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27265074

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (13)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1991
  • 1991-04-29 IE IE142991A patent/IE911429A1/en unknown
  • 1991-04-29 YU YU77891A patent/YU77891A/sh unknown
  • 1991-04-30 AU AU77669/91A patent/AU7766991A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-04-30 CN CN91103587A patent/CN1058033A/zh active Pending
  • 1991-04-30 EP EP91908210A patent/EP0527160A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-04-30 NZ NZ237991A patent/NZ237991A/xx unknown
  • 1991-04-30 CA CA002081981A patent/CA2081981A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-04-30 WO PCT/GB1991/000686 patent/WO1991017302A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-05-02 PT PT97554A patent/PT97554A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-05-02 CS CS911262A patent/CS126291A3/cs unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events