EP0527064B1 - Wenig empfindliches explosives Munitionselement, das eine zwei Komponenten-Springstoffladung enthält, und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Splittereffekt - Google Patents

Wenig empfindliches explosives Munitionselement, das eine zwei Komponenten-Springstoffladung enthält, und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Splittereffekt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0527064B1
EP0527064B1 EP92401654A EP92401654A EP0527064B1 EP 0527064 B1 EP0527064 B1 EP 0527064B1 EP 92401654 A EP92401654 A EP 92401654A EP 92401654 A EP92401654 A EP 92401654A EP 0527064 B1 EP0527064 B1 EP 0527064B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
explosive
component according
plastic
forming
peripheral layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92401654A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0527064A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Freche
Bruno Nouguez
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Eurenco SA
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of ammunition, in particular military, attenuated risks. It relates to a slightly vulnerable element of explosive ammunition consisting of a generally metallic envelope containing an explosive charge. This ammunition is particularly useful for generating a splinter effect by rupture of the envelope.
  • the load and its envelope generally have an axial symmetry so as to generate symmetrical effects. Explosive ordnance, in particular during its storage or transport, can be subjected to attacks such as fire, impact and the penetration of fragments or bullets, detonation close to neighboring munitions.
  • composite explosive is understood to mean a functionally detonable pyrotechnic composition, consisting of a solid polymer matrix, generally polyurethane or polyester, charged, the said charge being pulverulent and containing an organic nitro explosive charge, for example hexogen, octogen, ONTA, or a mixture of at least two of these compounds.
  • Patent application FR-A-2 365 774 describes an approximately cylindrical element of explosive ordnance consisting of an envelope containing a multi-composition charge which may be a composite explosive.
  • This multi-composition charge comprises a plurality of adjacent coaxial annular layers, the peripheral layer having a content of powerful heavy explosive (hexogen, octogen) higher than that of the layer which is immediately adjacent to it and thus step by step up to the layer central axial which is full cylindrical and has the lowest content of heavy heavy explosive.
  • hexogen, octogen powerful heavy explosive
  • a person skilled in the art is therefore looking for an improvement relating to this element of ammunition comprising a bi-composition charge, which allows, while maintaining the same level of invulnerability, to increase the effect of splinters.
  • the present invention provides such a solution.
  • the Applicant has found, unexpectedly, that if the interface between the two compositions, according to a cross section relating to the axis of the loading, is in the form of a star, instead of being circular as according to l state of the art, there was a gain, sometimes very large, in effect of splinters, and that, according to certain variants, which is even more surprising, the level of splinter effect achieved was equal to that obtained with an element of ammunition of the same dimension only responsible for the high-performance sensitive central explosive. This starred configuration does not affect the invulnerability which is maintained, while the level of the splinter effect is improved, and that, according to certain variants, everything happens even as if the load were completely constituted high-performance central explosive.
  • This variant of the invention is all the more interesting as it allows, compared to the bi-composition element in composite explosive of the state of the art mentioned above in the article "Insensitive ammunition", both to lower vulnerability and increase the splinter effect.
  • the state of the art also comprises, according to Article 54 (3) of the EPC, patent application EP 481 838.
  • This application describes an element of explosive ordnance consisting of an envelope containing an explosive multicomposition charge, the layer of which the most internal is a composite explosive, the peripheral layer of which is a pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants. The blast and / or bubble effect produced is close to that produced by the much more vulnerable charge in massively equivalent monocomposite composite explosive.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an element of explosive ammunition consisting of a preferably metallic envelope but which may be made of another material, for example a rigid plastic, containing a dual-composition explosive charge consisting of an internal layer of composite explosive coated with an adjacent peripheral coaxial layer in pyrotechnic composition less sensitive than the composite explosive constituting the internal layer.
  • the composite explosive constituting the internal layer is a polymer matrix, preferably polyurethane or polyester, charged, the charge of which contains at least one organic nitro explosive, preferably more than 20% by weight of organic nitro explosive, percentage expressed relative to the composite explosive.
  • organic nitro explosive means an explosive chosen from the group consisting of aromatic nitro explosives ( comprising at least one C-No2 group, the carbon atom being part of a ring aromatic), nitric ester explosives (comprising at least one C - O - NO2 group) and nitramine explosives (comprising at least one CN-NO2 group).
  • the term "less sensitive" pyrotechnic composition is understood to mean that the composite explosive constituting the inner layer, a pyrotechnic composition having a detonation ability index (IAD) according to the detonation ability test behind the barrier (Card Gap Test) lower than that of the composite explosive constituting the internal layer.
  • IAD detonation ability index
  • Card Gap Test Card Gap Test
  • the internal and peripheral layers of the load are preferably cylindrical. They may not be strictly coaxial if we want to create an asymmetry in the effects of splinters. Interest is however very limited.
  • the internal layer / external layer mass ratio is between 0.1 and 2.
  • the internal layer of composite explosive is preferably full, but it can also have one or more recesses, for example an axial recess, partial or over the entire length of the load. Such a recess can for example accommodate the priming system.
  • the polymer matrices of the inner and peripheral layers are polyurethanes generally obtained by reaction of a prepolymer with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate.
  • prepolymers with hydroxyl endings mention may be made of those whose backbone is a polyisobutylene, a polybutadiene, a polyether, a polyester, a polysiloxane.
  • polybutadiene with hydroxyl end groups is used.
  • polyisocyanates examples include isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), dicyclohexylmethylene diisocyanate (Hylene W), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), biuret trihexane isocyanate (BTHI), and their mixtures .
  • the polymer matrix is a polyester matrix
  • a carboxyl-terminated prepolymer preferably a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (PBCT) or a carboxyl-terminated polyester
  • PBCT carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene
  • MAPO trimethylaziridinyl phosphine oxide
  • the polymer matrices may optionally include a plasticizer, such as those usually used in the use of composite explosives and composite solid propellants.
  • the interface between the two layers has a star-shaped cross section having 6 to 24 branches.
  • the end of the branches of the star can have any shape. These ends are preferably pointed, flat or rounded.
  • the star interface can be strictly polygonal or have connection leaves between branches.
  • the branches of the star are identical, have an axis of symmetry passing through the center of the star and if n is the number of branches, each branch is separated from the neighboring branches by an angle of 2 ⁇ not
  • the charge of the composite explosive constituting the internal layer contains at least one organic nitro explosive, preferably more than 20%, better still more than 60%, by weight of organic nitro explosive, expressed relative to the composite explosive and the charge of the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer contains at least one mineral oxidant or an organic nitro explosive.
  • organic nitro explosives include hexogen, octogen, pentrite, 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene and nitroguanidine.
  • the internal layer is a composite explosive consisting of a charged polyurethane or polyester matrix, the charge of which contains more than 20% by weight, expressed relative to the composite explosive, of organic nitro explosive chosen from the group. consisting of hexogen, octogen, 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole and their mixtures.
  • the charge of the composite explosive constituting the internal layer consists solely of the organic nitro explosive, preferably between 60% and 90%, better still between 80% and 90%, percentages expressed relative to the composite explosive.
  • the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer is a composite explosive, preferably consisting of a charged polyurethane or polyester matrix, the charge of which contains more than 20% by weight, expressed relative to the composite explosive.
  • organic nitro explosive preferably chosen from the group consisting of hexogen, octogen, pentrite, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine, 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole and their mixtures.
  • the charge can also comprise, for example, a mineral oxidant and / or a reducing metal, but preferably, the charge of the composite explosive constituting the peripheral layer consists solely of the organic nitro explosive, preferably between 60% and 90% , better still between 80% and 90%, percentages expressed relative to the composite explosive.
  • the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer is a pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants consisting of a charged polyurethane or polyester polymer matrix, the charge of which, free of organic nitro explosive, contains at least a mineral oxidant.
  • composite solid propellant is conventionally understood to mean a pyrotechnic composition used in the same way as that of a composite explosive, and consisting of a solid polymer matrix, generally polyurethane or polyester, charged, said charge. being powdery and essentially consisting of a mineral oxidant and in general of a reducing metal.
  • solid composite propellants are functionally combustible and include various additives to control propulsion.
  • Composite solid propellants and how to obtain them are for example described by A. DAVENAS, Solid propellant technology, Ed. Masson, 1989.
  • the Applicant wishes not to qualify the peripheral layer of "Propellant” although the composition of this layer differs from that of solid composite propellants only by the absence of additives linked to the propellant function of the propellants (ballistic additives, combustion accelerators, etc.), and prefers to use the expression "Pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants".
  • the charge of the pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants constituting the peripheral layer contains an inorganic oxidant chosen from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, nitrate sodium, and mixtures thereof, that is to say all mixtures of at least two aforementioned products.
  • the charge of the pyrotechnic composition of the family of solid composite propellants constituting the peripheral layer contains a reducing metal, preferably chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, boron and their mixtures , that is to say all mixtures of at least two of the four metals mentioned above.
  • the reducing metal is aluminum.
  • the charge of the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer is a mineral charge, preferably chosen from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and their mixtures.
  • the charge therefore does not contain any other compound.
  • the charge of the pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer is made up, and only made up, of a mixture of a reducing metal, preferably chosen from the group made up of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, boron and their mixtures, and a mineral oxidant preferably chosen from the group consisting of ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and their mixtures.
  • the filler is a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and aluminum.
  • the term "bi-composition" qualifying the explosive charge should not be considered in a narrow and limiting sense.
  • the observed technical effect and the results which result from it remain when the internal layer and / or the peripheral layer is itself bi or multicomposition, with conventional interfaces not starred between layers, or even when several interfaces are starred, for example in the case of a sensitive composite explosive coated with a less sensitive composite explosive with a starred interface, the block also made up being itself coated with a quasi-insensitive pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants, the second interface also being starred.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for obtaining a burst effect by releasing gas in the envelope of an element of explosive ammunition consisting of an envelope containing a bi-composition explosive charge, then rupture of the envelope due to the pressure of the gas formed.
  • This process is characterized in that the element of explosive ammunition is an aforementioned element according to the invention and in that the release of gas is obtained by detonation of the composite explosive constituting the internal layer of the charge, then reaction of the less sensitive pyrotechnic composition constituting the peripheral layer, reaction initiated by the detonation wave of the composite explosive constituting the internal layer.
  • peripheral layer When the peripheral layer is a composite explosive, it also detonates. On the other hand, when the peripheral layer is a pyrotechnic composition from the family of solid composite propellants, it reacts without detonating.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic cross-section in cross section of an element that is not very vulnerable to explosive munitions according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a schematic cross-section in cross section of another not very vulnerable element of explosive ammunition according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents comparative envelope speed curves as a function of the radial expansion.
  • the element of explosive ammunition consists of a casing 1.11 of steel, cylindrical with a circular base surface containing a bi-composition explosive charge consisting of an internal layer 2.12 in composite explosive coated with a peripheral layer 3.13 in a less sensitive pyrotechnic composition than the composite explosive constituting the internal layer 2.12.
  • the interface between layers 2 and 3 has a star shape with 6 identical, symmetrical branches, connected by connecting fillets and whose ends are rounded. Each branch is separated from neighboring branches by an angle of 60 degrees.
  • the dimensions of the star can be defined by its circumscribed circle of diameter D, its inscribed circle of diameter d and by the thickness e of the branches.
  • the star interface is strictly polygonal.
  • the star is formed by 10 identical and symmetrical branches whose ends are pointed. Each branch is separated from neighboring branches by an angle of 36 degrees.
  • the dimensions of the star can be defined by its circumscribed circle of diameter D and its inscribed circle of diameter d.
  • Example 1 Explosive ordnance elements according to the invention.
  • Example 1 This example was carried out according to FIG. 1.
  • the casing 1, 12.5 mm thick is made of steel. Its outside diameter is 115 mm and its inside diameter 90mm. Its length is 300 mm.
  • the casing 1 also has a bottom made of 12.5 mm thick steel.
  • the geometrical characteristics of the star D, d and e above are respectively 50 mm, 23 mm and 3 mm.
  • the inner layer 2, full is a composite explosive with a composition of 86% by weight of octogen and 14% by weight of a polyurethane polymer matrix obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • the peripheral layer 3 is a composite explosive of composition 12% by weight of octogen, 72% by weight of 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole and 16% by weight of a polyurethane polymer matrix obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hyrodxyl endings with IPDI.
  • This peripheral composition is less efficient (detonation speed 7440m / s) and considerably less sensitive (IAD of 25 cards according to the Card Gap Test codified in 40mm diameter). than the internal composition.
  • the priming of layer 2 was carried out using a conventional detonator, a small 4g mass relay in hexocire and a plane wave generator (GOP) with a diameter of 76mm as main relay.
  • the detonation wave of the inner layer 2 caused the detonation of the peripheral layer 3 and then the rupture of the envelope 1, with the formation of splinters.
  • the evolution of the raising speed of the metal envelope as a function of the radial expansion was recorded, which characterizes the level of the burst effect sought, using a slit camera according to the lifting experience.
  • cylindrical classic for those skilled in the art.
  • the corresponding curve is shown in Figure 3 (Curve E1).
  • Example 2 This example was carried out according to FIG. 2.
  • the casing 11, 12.5 mm thick, is made of steel. Its outside diameter is 115 mm and its inside diameter 90mm. Its length is 300mm.
  • the casing 11 has a bottom also made of 12.5 mm thick steel.
  • the geometrical characteristics of the star D and d above are respectively 50 mm and 34 mm.
  • Example 2 The composite explosives constituting the internal layer 12 and the peripheral layer 13 are the same as for Example 1. This munition element was detonated and the splinter effect was measured as in Example 1. The curve characterizing the level of splinter effect obtained is shown in FIG. 3 (curve E2).

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Claims (16)

  1. Explosives Munitionselement, das aus einer vorzugsweise metallischen Hülle (1) besteht, die eine aus zwei Zusammensetzungen bestehende Sprengladung enthält, die aus einer inneren Schicht (2) aus einem Composit-Sprengstoff besteht, die mit einer daran angrenzenden, peripheren, koaxialen Schicht (3) aus einer pyrotechnischen Zusammensetzung umgeben ist, die weniger empfindlich ist als der Composit-Sprengstoff der inneren Schicht (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - die pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung, aus der die periphere Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, aus einer mit einem Füllstoff versehenen Polymermatrix besteht, deren Füllstoff mindestens ein anorganisches Oxidationsmittel oder einen organischen Nitrat-Sprengstoff enthält, und
    - die Grenzfläche zwischen den beiden Schichten einen sternförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.
  2. Explosives Munitionselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden koaxialen Schichten (3) und (2) zylindrisch sind.
  3. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der sternförmige Querschnitt 6 bis 24 Zacken aufweist.
  4. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der sternförmige Querschnitt streng polygonal ist oder ausgerundete Übergänge zwischen den Zacken aufweist.
  5. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die innere Schicht (2) ein Composit-Spengstoff ist, der aus einer Polyurethan- oder Polyestermatrix besteht, deren Füllstoff mehr als 20 Gew.-% eines organischen Nitrat-Sprengstoffs enthält, der vorzugsweise unter Hexogen, Oktogen, 5-Oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol und deren Gemischen ausgewählt ist, wobei dieser Prozentsatz auf den Composit-Sprengstoff bezogen ist.
  6. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füllstoff des Composit-Sprengstoffs, aus dem die innere Schicht (2) aufgebaut, lediglich aus einem organischen Nitrat-Sprengstoff besteht.
  7. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung, welche die periphere Schicht (3) darstellt, ein Composit-Sprengstoff ist.
  8. Explosives Munitionselement nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Composit-Sprengstoff, aus dem die periphere Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, aus einer Polyurethan- oder Polyestermatrix besteht, deren Füllstoff mehr als 20 Gew.-% eines organischen Nitrat-Sprengstoffs enthält, der vorzugsweise unter Hexogen, Oktogen, Nitropenta, Triaminotrinitrobenzol, Nitroguanidin, 5-Oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol und deren Gemischen ausgewählt ist, wobei dieser Prozentsatz auf den Composit-Sprengstoff bezogen ist.
  9. Explosives Munitionselement nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füllstoff des Composit-Sprengstoffs, der die periphere Schicht (3) darstellt, lediglich aus einem organischen Nitrat-Sprengstoff besteht.
  10. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung, aus der die periphere Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, eine pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung aus der Gruppe der festen zusammengesetzten Propergole ist, die aus einer polymeren Polyurethan- oder Polyestermatrix bestehen, deren Füllstoff ein anorganisches Oxidationsmittel, jedoch keinen organischen Nitrat-Sprengstoff enthält.
  11. Explosives Munitionselement nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füllstoff der pyrotechnischen Zusammensetzung, aus der die periphere Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, ein unter Ammoniumperchlorat, Kaliumperchlorat, Ammoniumnitrat, Natriumnitrat und deren Gemischen ausgewähltes anorganisches Oxidationsmittel enthält.
  12. Explosives Munitionselement nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füllstoff der pyrotechnischen Zusammensetzung, aus der die periphere Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, ein reduzierendes Metall enthält.
  13. Explosives Munitionselement nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung aus der Gruppe der festen zusammengesetzten Propergole, aus der die periphere Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, besteht aus:
    - 10 bis 40 Gew.-% polymerer Polyurethan- oder Polyestermatrix,
    - 0 bis 40 Gew.-% eines reduzierenden Metalls und
    - 20 bis 90 Gew.-% anorganischem Oxidationsmittel,
    wobei die Summe dieser Prozentsätze gleich 100 ist.
  14. Verfahren zur Erzielung einer Splitterwirkung durch Gasfreisetzung in der Hülle eines explosiven Munitionselements, das aus einer Hülle (1) besteht, die eine aus zwei Zusammensetzungen bestehende Sprengladung enthält, und anschließendes Platzen der Hülle aufgrund des Gasdrucks, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das explosive Munitionselement ein Munitionselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 ist und die Gasfreisetzung durch Detonation des Composit-Sprengstoffes, aus dem die innere Schicht (2) der Ladung aufgebaut ist, und anschließende Reaktion der weniger empfindlichen pyrotechnischen Zusammensetzung, aus der die peripheren Schicht (3) aufgebaut ist, erzielt wird, wobei die Reaktion von der Detonation des Composit-Sprengstoffes, aus dem die innere Schicht (2) aufgebaut ist, herrührenden Detonationswelle gezündet wird.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das explosive Munitionselement ein Munitionselement nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9 ist und die periphere Schicht (3) detoniert.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das explosive Munitionselement ein Munitionselement nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13 ist und die periphere Schicht (3) ohne Detonation reagiert.
EP92401654A 1991-06-26 1992-06-16 Wenig empfindliches explosives Munitionselement, das eine zwei Komponenten-Springstoffladung enthält, und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Splittereffekt Expired - Lifetime EP0527064B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9107851 1991-06-26
FR9107851A FR2678262B1 (fr) 1991-06-26 1991-06-26 Element peu vulnerable de munition explosive comportant un chargement explosif bi-composition et procede d'obtention d'un effet d'eclats.

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0527064A1 EP0527064A1 (de) 1993-02-10
EP0527064B1 true EP0527064B1 (de) 1995-12-13

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US (1) US5243916A (de)
EP (1) EP0527064B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3142023B2 (de)
AU (1) AU652056B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2071148C (de)
DE (1) DE69206711T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2082402T3 (de)
FI (1) FI110510B (de)
FR (1) FR2678262B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3018946T3 (de)
NO (1) NO174685B1 (de)

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DE102014018218B4 (de) 2014-12-06 2023-05-17 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Initiierung der Deflagration einer Sprengladung
DE102019003432B4 (de) * 2019-05-15 2022-08-25 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Gefechtskopf
CN114440715A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-05-06 南京理工大学 一种引信异质装药结构传爆管

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FI922721A0 (fi) 1992-06-12
GR3018946T3 (en) 1996-05-31
FR2678262A1 (fr) 1992-12-31
FI110510B (fi) 2003-02-14
NO174685C (no) 1994-06-15
EP0527064A1 (de) 1993-02-10
NO174685B1 (no) 1994-06-17
AU1824792A (en) 1993-01-07
AU652056B2 (en) 1994-08-11
CA2071148A1 (fr) 1992-12-27
FR2678262B1 (fr) 1993-12-10
FI922721A (fi) 1992-12-27
NO922474A (no) 1992-12-28
JP3142023B2 (ja) 2001-03-07
ES2082402T3 (es) 1996-03-16
US5243916A (en) 1993-09-14
NO922474D0 (no) 1992-06-23
DE69206711D1 (de) 1996-01-25
NO174685B (no) 1994-03-07
DE69206711T2 (de) 1996-05-09
CA2071148C (fr) 2003-04-22
JPH06317400A (ja) 1994-11-15

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