EP3064889B1 - Artillerie-sprenggranate aus zwei komponenten - Google Patents

Artillerie-sprenggranate aus zwei komponenten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3064889B1
EP3064889B1 EP16157738.2A EP16157738A EP3064889B1 EP 3064889 B1 EP3064889 B1 EP 3064889B1 EP 16157738 A EP16157738 A EP 16157738A EP 3064889 B1 EP3064889 B1 EP 3064889B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
explosive
containers
artillery shell
shell according
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Active
Application number
EP16157738.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3064889A1 (de
Inventor
Corentin LE RENARD
Camille ESCANDE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3064889A1 publication Critical patent/EP3064889A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of explosive artillery shells and in particular that of two-component explosive shells.
  • explosive shells contain an explosive charge comprising a fusible explosive such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) combined with one or more complementary grains explosives such as hexogen (RDX) or oxynitrotriazole (ONTA).
  • TNT fusible explosive
  • RDX hexogen
  • ONTA oxynitrotriazole
  • the explosive in a classic way is initiated on trajectory or impact by a rocket.
  • Each component is itself non-explosive, that is to say that the implementation of a detonator can not cause its detonation.
  • the mixture of the two materials is explosive and can be detonated by the action of a suitable detonator.
  • the patent FR994041 describes two-component explosive bombs or projectiles. However, these projectiles use liquid materials that are mixed on the trajectory. It is necessary to break the envelope containing one of the materials to mix with the other material.
  • the fragile envelope is for example made of glass or ceramic. Such an architecture is complex and expensive.
  • a liquid explosive charge is not suitable for a shot projectile by gun effect, given the vortex effects that may occur on the liquid loading, effects reducing the stability of the projectile in ballistic flight.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to define a shell which does not contain products considered individually as explosives. This results in increased security for the transport and logistics phases.
  • the invention also makes it possible to define an artillery shell whose explosive charge can be sterilized after a certain period of time in the event of non-explosion on a target.
  • the invention relates to a two-component explosive artillery shell comprising an envelope containing at least two non-explosive materials but which after mixing form an explosive composition, shells comprising at least one container integral with the envelope and arranged coaxially with the envelope.
  • container delimiting an internal cavity containing a first material in liquid or gelled form, container whose wall is pierced with a plurality of orifices which are closed by a closure means, the container or containers delimiting with the envelope a annular space which encloses a second material in solid and porous form, the closure means being able to open during the firing to allow diffusion by centrifugal effect of the first material in the second material through the porosity of the latter, characterized in that it comprises at least one stack of axially aligned containers which are connected to one another, each container is and separated from its neighbors by at least one transverse wall, or in that it comprises a single cylindrical container extending axially over the entire height of the second material, this container being compartmentalized and having partition
  • the closure means may be constituted by at least one sheet integral with the wall, the sheet may break during firing to let the first material.
  • the container or containers may be cylindrical or frustoconical.
  • the shell may comprise at least two cylindrical containers of different diameters succeeding one another along the axis of the shell.
  • the containers may be positioned relative to the envelope by at least one radial wedge.
  • the second material may comprise at least one oxidant, such as potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, or potassium nitrate.
  • oxidant such as potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, or potassium nitrate.
  • the first material may comprise at least one nitro aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as nitromethane or nitroethane.
  • the shell may include at least one sterilization material of the first material.
  • the sterilization material may comprise at least one of the following materials: ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine.
  • the sterilization material may be placed in at least one housing.
  • an explosive artillery shell 1 according to the invention comprises a casing 2 enclosing at least two non-explosive materials 3, 4 which, after mixing, form an explosive composition.
  • the envelope 2 here consists of two parts: a front portion 2a ogivée, and a cylindrical rear portion 2b. Such an arrangement is intended to facilitate the loading of the shell 1 with the materials 3 and 4.
  • the casing 2 is closed at its rear part by a base 5 which is fixed to the casing 2, for example by riveting.
  • the casing 2 carries at its front part a rocket 6 of a conventional type, for example a percussion rocket, proximity or chronometric.
  • the base 5 carries a device 7 which may be a device for reducing base drag (better known by the English name "base bleed").
  • the device 7 can simply to be a hollow pellet. This device does not form part of the invention.
  • the shell 1 comprises at least one container 8 which is integral with the casing 2 and which is disposed coaxially therewith.
  • the shell 1 here comprises a stack of six containers 8 which are cylindrical and all have axis axis 9 of the shell 1.
  • All the containers 8 are of identical structure and, as we see more particularly on the figure 2b each comprises a tubular wall 8a delimiting an internal cavity 12 which encloses the first material 3, which is in a liquid or gelled form.
  • Each container 8 has a transverse wall or bottom 13 closed and is closed by a cover 14 which is screwed to the tubular wall 8a.
  • the tubular wall 8a is pierced with a plurality of radial orifices 15 which are closed by a closure means.
  • the sealing means is constituted here by a sheet 16 integral with the tubular wall (for example glued to the wall 8a).
  • the sheet will for example be a sheet 0.1 mm thick of a plastic material such as polyethylene.
  • the groove 10 makes it possible to position the stack of containers radially with respect to the envelope 2 of the shell.
  • the base 5 provides axial retention, this axial retention is completed by a ring 17 which is screwed to the mouth of the shell 1 and which also receives the rocket 6.
  • the ring 17 abuts against the cap 14 of the container 8 most forward of the shell.
  • the stack of containers 8 is also positioned radially relative to the envelope 2 of the shell by two radial shims 11.
  • the radial shims 11 will for example be made of plastic, for example polyamide.
  • This embodiment of a stack of containers 8 all identical makes it easier to manufacture and integrate the shell. Moreover, the transverse walls or bottoms 13 and covers 14 form partitions which make it possible to isolate the material contained in each container 8 from that of neighboring containers. Such an arrangement makes it possible to reduce the influence on the first material 3 of the axial acceleration exerted during the firing.
  • the containers 8 delimit with the envelope 2 an annular space 18 which encloses a second material 4 in solid and porous form.
  • the second material 4 may be made in the form of compressed annular blocks.
  • the grain size of the constituent grains of the second material as well as the compressive forces will be chosen so as to ensure the desired porosity.
  • a third block 4c of the second material 4, machined to the internal profile of the ogivée portion 2b of the envelope, will then be positioned in this ogivée part 2b. Then the ogivée portion 2b will be fixed to the cylindrical portion 2a of the casing 2 with the interposition of a second shim 11.
  • the first material 3 is a fuel, or fuel mixture in the liquid or gelled state. It may comprise at least one nitro aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as nitromethane or nitroethane.
  • a gelling agent the substances usually used in formulation, of mineral or organic origin, such as fumed silicas, natural or synthetic gums, polymers or any other substance of circumstance.
  • the first material 3 may comprise a sensitizer associated with the nitro aliphatic hydrocarbon. It will however be necessary that this sensitizer does not have the effect of sterilizing the hydrocarbon.
  • the second material 4 comprises at least one strong oxidant, ie a compound capable of giving oxygen to the reaction medium, such as potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, or nitrate. of potassium.
  • a strong oxidant ie a compound capable of giving oxygen to the reaction medium, such as potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, or nitrate. of potassium.
  • the grains of this material may be coated with a binder, for example an inert binder such as wax or an active binder such as DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole) which is an insensitive explosive.
  • the binder will facilitate the compression molding of the blocks of the second material 4.
  • a sterilization material of the first material may be provided.
  • the sterilization material will comprise for example at least one of the following materials: ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine. These materials are liquid at the usual temperatures of use.
  • the sterilization material will therefore be placed in a specific housing (not shown) which will isolate the first material 3 and which will be broken during firing.
  • This specific housing may for example be interposed between the ring 17 and the stack of containers 8.
  • the sterilization material 24 can be put in place in at least one specific housing 25 which will be fixed to the stack of containers 8 containing the first material 3.
  • This housing 25 will have the same diameter as the containers 8 and it will be equipped with a plug 26 and a bottom 27 similar to the plugs 14 and the transverse walls or bottoms 13 of the containers 8 (and it will eventually also thread and tapping to secure it to the containers).
  • the housing 25 can thus be positioned at any axial position on a stack of containers 8. example place it at the top of the stack, in the vicinity of the ring 17. It can also be positioned as shown on the figure 5 between two containers 8.
  • the housing 25 will carry orifices 28 which will be closed by a closure means which will be formed for example by the sheet 16 surrounding the stack of containers 8.
  • One or more housings 25 containing the sterilization material may be provided.
  • This reduced quantity can be distributed in several boxes 25, the size of which will therefore be much smaller than that of the containers 8 enclosing the first material 3.
  • the dimensions of the containers 8 will be defined according to the relative volumes sought for the first material 3 and the second material 4.
  • a configuration as shown in FIGS. figures 1 and 2a corresponds to a relative volume which is substantially 20% for the first material 3 and 80% for the second material 4.
  • the porosity of the second material 4 is chosen to represent a volume sufficient to accommodate the first material.
  • the air contained in the second material 4 will circulate within the porous blocks and it will eventually occupy the internal volume of the containers 8 after ejection of the first material. To facilitate the circulation of the first material 3, it may be provided to achieve a partial air gap in the shell during assembly.
  • the first and second materials 3 and 4 are isolated from one another.
  • the shell 1 is completely inert and can be transported without any danger.
  • the high speed of rotation imparted by the striped tube of the weapon to the shell by virtue of the belt 19 will radially evacuate, by the effect of centrifugal force, the first material 3, out of the containers 8, through The centrifugal inertia forces will ensure the rupture of the sheet 16 for each container 8. It will suffice to define the thickness of the sheet 16 as a function of the desired strength.
  • the inertial forces will ensure the ejection of the sterilization material out of the housing (s) 25.
  • the level of effort is sufficient to ensure mixing and distribution of all liquid components in the porous matrix.
  • the composition formed by the mixture of these two materials is detonating.
  • the optional sterilization material 24 ensures for a limited time an effect of sensitizing the first material 3.
  • This composition is initiated in a conventional manner by the rocket 6 of the shell.
  • a composition associating 70% by weight of potassium perchlorate and 30% by weight of nitromethane has a detonation speed of 6100 to 6200 m / s. This is of the same order as the TNT (6900 m / s).
  • the sterilization material also has a sensitizing effect for a period of at least one hour. Sterilization only occurs beyond a period of more than 3 hours depending on the amount of sterilization material used.
  • the explosive charge ends up being sterilized.
  • the reaction time between the sterilization material and the first material is compatible with the operational requirements.
  • FIG. 3 there is a first stack of three large diameter containers 8 1 which extends from the base 5 of the shell 1 to a median zone Z of the shell, and there is a second stack of three containers 8 2 of small diameter extending from the central region Z of the shell until the ring 17.
  • a first shim 11 radially maintains the first stack.
  • a second shim 11 radially maintains the second stack.
  • the containers 8 1 and 8 2 have substantially the same structure as the container described above with reference to the figure 2b .
  • the rearmost container 8 1 engages in a groove 10 of the base 5.
  • the smaller diameter container 8 2 which is rearmost engages in a groove 20 which is arranged in the lid 14 of the large diameter container 8 1 to which it is applied.
  • the ring 17 ensures the axial immobilization of the stack of containers.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to provide a different volume and mass ratio for the first and the second material.
  • the configuration according to the figure 3 This makes it possible to have a volume ratio of 30% for the first material and 70% for the second material.
  • the container or containers 8 may have a different shape, for example frustoconical.
  • the figure 4a thus schematically shows a stack of frustoconical containers 8, the diameters of which are progressively increasing from the rear to the front.
  • the larger diameter container being positioned for example against the base 5 of the shell.
  • the figure 4b shows another embodiment of a single container 8 which is intended to extend axially over the entire height of the second material 4.
  • This container is compartmentalized and comprises transverse partitions 21 which divide the internal volume of the container 8 into several chambers 22. In order to allow the introduction of the first material 3 in the container 8, each partition 21 has an axial hole 23 communicating the 22.
  • the container is closed by a plug 14 and has a bottom 13.
  • a sheet 16 wound around the container 8 closes the orifices 15.
  • the partitions 21 make it possible to reduce the pressure gradients between the upstream part and the downstream part of the container 8. This reduces the forces that would be transmitted to the sheet 16 as a result of the axial inertia forces.
  • Embodiments of the invention are shown here in which the orifice closing means is constituted by a sheet which is pierced during firing by the effect of the centrifugal forces exerted on the first material.
  • a shell according to the invention does not include sterilization material.
  • Such a two-component shell will, however, have greater security of transport than conventional explosive shells because the materials it contains are not in themselves and individually considered as explosive materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Artillerie-Sprenggranate (1) aus zwei Komponenten mit einer Umhüllung (2), die mindestens zwei nicht explosive Materialien (3, 4) enthält, die aber nach Mischung eine explosive Zusammensetzung bilden, wobei die Granate mindestens einen Behälter (8) umfasst, der mit der Umhüllung (2) verbunden und koaxial zu letzterer angeordnet ist und einen inneren Hohlraum (12) abgrenzt, der ein erstes Material (3) in flüssiger oder gelierter Form enthält, wobei die Wand (8a) des Behälters (8) eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen (15) aufweist, die von einem Verschlussmittel (16) verschlossen sind, wobei der oder die Behälter (8) mit der Umhüllung (2) einen ringförmigen Raum (18) abgrenzen, der ein zweites Material (4) in solider und poröser Form enthält, wobei das Verschlussmittel (16) sich beim Schuss öffnen kann, zwecks Ausbreitung durch Zentrifugalwirkung des ersten Materials (3) in dem zweiten Material (4) dank der Porosität des letzteren, wobei die Granate dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie mindestens eine Stapelung von Behältern (8) umfasst, die axial ausgerichtet und miteinander verbunden sind, wobei jeder Behälter von seinen Nachbarn durch mindestens eine Querwand (13) getrennt ist, oder aber dadurch, dass sie einen einzigen zylindrischen Behälter (8) umfasst, der sich axial über die gesamte Höhe des zweiten Materials erstreckt (4), wobei dieser Behälter unterteilt ist und Quertrennwände aufweist, die sein inneres Volumen in mehrere Kammern aufteilen.
  2. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das Verschlussmittel (16) aus mindestens einem Blatt, verbunden mit der Wand (8a), besteht, das geeignet ist, beim Schuss zu zerbrechen, um das erste Material durchgehen zu lassen.
  3. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass der oder die Behälter (8) von zylindrischer Form sind.
  4. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch. dass der oder die Behälter (8) von kegelstumpfförmiger Form sind.
  5. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass sie mindestens zwei zylindrische Behälter (81, 82) mit verschiedenen Durchmessern umfasst, die einander entlang der Achse (9) der Granate folgen.
  6. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Behälter in Bezug auf die Umhüllung durch mindestens einen radialen Keil (11) positioniert werden.
  7. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das zweite Material (4) mindestens ein Oxidationsmittel umfasst, wie Kaliumperchlorat, Ammoniumperchlorat, Ammoniumnitrat Ammonium oder Kaliumnitrat.
  8. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach Anspruch 7, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das erste Material (3) mindestens einen nitroaliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoff umfasst, wie Nitromethan oder Nitroethan.
  9. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass es mindestens ein Material zum Unschädlichmachen (24) des ersten Materials (3) umfasst.
  10. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach Anspruch 9, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das Material zum Unschädlichmachen (24) mindestens eines der folgenden Materialien umfasst: Ethylendiamin, Diethylentriamin.
  11. Artillerie-Sprenggranate nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das Material zum Unschädlichmachen (24) in mindestens einem Gehäuse (25) positioniert ist.
EP16157738.2A 2015-03-02 2016-02-26 Artillerie-sprenggranate aus zwei komponenten Active EP3064889B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1500434A FR3033401B1 (fr) 2015-03-02 2015-03-02 Obus d'artillerie explosif bicomposants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3064889A1 EP3064889A1 (de) 2016-09-07
EP3064889B1 true EP3064889B1 (de) 2017-11-29

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EP (1) EP3064889B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2657804T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3033401B1 (de)
NO (1) NO3064889T3 (de)
PT (1) PT3064889T (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111472743A (zh) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-31 西安闪光能源科技有限公司 一种用于产生可控冲击波的复合型含能棒及其制作方法

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR994041A (fr) 1944-12-11 1951-11-09 Controles Ind Soc Et Perfectionnements apportés aux engins à explosif constitué par un mélange d'au moins deux corps mis en contact seulement au moment de l'usage
US3718513A (en) * 1971-01-25 1973-02-27 Us Army Mine sterilization by means of a deliquescent additive
US3980510A (en) 1974-10-29 1976-09-14 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Nitroparaffin explosive composition containing hydrazine and diethylenetriamine
US4253889A (en) 1978-11-29 1981-03-03 Maes Michel E Two-component explosive composition
US5226986A (en) * 1991-11-12 1993-07-13 Hansen Gary L Formulation of multi-component explosives
SE532521C2 (sv) * 2008-06-11 2010-02-16 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Verkansanordning för graderad sprängverkan och förfarande därför
SE0802193L (sv) * 2008-10-14 2009-10-13 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Verkansanordning för olika verkanseffekter och förfarande därför

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Publication number Publication date
NO3064889T3 (de) 2018-04-28
EP3064889A1 (de) 2016-09-07
ES2657804T3 (es) 2018-03-06
FR3033401B1 (fr) 2017-08-25
PT3064889T (pt) 2018-01-09
FR3033401A1 (fr) 2016-09-09

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