EP0467774B1 - Beim Aufschlag explodierendes Geschoss mit zerstörender Wirkung - Google Patents

Beim Aufschlag explodierendes Geschoss mit zerstörender Wirkung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0467774B1
EP0467774B1 EP91401984A EP91401984A EP0467774B1 EP 0467774 B1 EP0467774 B1 EP 0467774B1 EP 91401984 A EP91401984 A EP 91401984A EP 91401984 A EP91401984 A EP 91401984A EP 0467774 B1 EP0467774 B1 EP 0467774B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nose cone
projectile according
ballistic
projectile
impact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91401984A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0467774A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Nicolas
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Manurhin Defense SA
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Manurhin Defense SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT91401984T priority Critical patent/ATE99045T1/de
Publication of EP0467774A1 publication Critical patent/EP0467774A1/de
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Publication of EP0467774B1 publication Critical patent/EP0467774B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/10—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact without firing-pin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/702—Compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of projectiles with a destructive effect exploding on impact.
  • Known projectiles often referred to as multiple-effect projectiles, generally comprise a shell body in which an explosive charge is placed, as well as a ballistic cap extending said shell body and in or in the vicinity of which a system is disposed priming.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a projectile with a destructive effect exploding by impact which is more efficient than the known projectiles described in the aforementioned patents, with an optimization of the terminal effect of the projectile.
  • the object of the invention is also to produce a projectile which can be used both on unshielded and armored targets, with good sensitivity on thin targets.
  • the object of the invention is also to propose a projectile the structure of which makes it possible to obtain small delays, in particular less than one meter, with a particularly effective destructive effect, this effect resulting from the combination of a reinforced incendiary effect and of a significant penetration power of the fragments generated by the operation of the projectile at impact (numerous fragments, of low masses and of high speeds, therefore with a particularly "explosive" character), with thus a high speed of transmission speed of the 'shock wave.
  • a projectile with a destructive effect exploding by impact comprising a shell body in which an explosive charge is disposed, as well as a ballistic cap extending said shell body and in which a system is disposed initiation, characterized in that the ballistic cap is organized in two separate parts coaxially connected to each other, one of which is essentially a lower part rigid and cylindrical cup-shaped, and an upper part which is essentially deformable on impact on target and in the form of a ballistic point extending the shell body, each of said parts being charged with an incendiary composition compressed with the provision of a recess respective blind axial, so that said blind recesses define a closed functional cavity whose geometry is maintained during the firing and on the trajectory of the projectile, and the lower part also receiving a layer of pyrophoric material with mechanical strength which is arranged between the perforated bottom of the bucket and the associated incendiary composition, said pyrophoric material being initiated on impact by the entire load of the ballistic cap as a result
  • the lower part of the ballistic cap partially fits into the upper part of said cap, the remainder of said lower part penetrating into the neck of the shell body to ensure the connection between said shell body and said cap .
  • the lower and upper parts of the ballistic cap are connected together by threading, crimping or gluing.
  • the lower part of the ballistic cap and the shell body are interconnected by threading, crimping or gluing; in particular then, the upper part of the ballistic cap contacts by its lower edge the upper edge of the neck of the shell body, the respective contact rings preferably being arranged conically.
  • a spangle is interposed between the adjacent faces of the two compressed incendiary compositions forming the charge of the ballistic cap.
  • the flake (s) is (are) in the form of a drilled or solid disc, the material constituting said flakes being a combustible material.
  • the thickness and the material constituting the upper part of the ballistic cap are chosen so that said upper part has a deformation on impact simultaneously satisfying the required safety and sensitivity requirements; in particular, the upper part of the ballistic cap is made of metal, a metal alloy, or a plastic material such as a polyamide.
  • the thickness and the material constituting the lower part of the ballistic cap are chosen so that said lower part has sufficient rigidity to preserve the setting-in sequence during impact; in particular, the lower part of the ballistic cap is made of metal or a metal alloy.
  • each blind recess defining the closed functional cavity is at least partially coated with a thin envelope promoting both the mechanical strength of the adjacent compressed composition and the rapidity of ignition of the 'loading of the ballistic cap; preferably then, the thin envelope of each blind recess is made of a highly combustible material, for example a propellant with structural consistency.
  • the pyrophoric material with mechanical strength is based on sponges, and preferably zirconium sponges; it may be advantageous to provide that the sponge-based material is also infiltrated with metallic particles, for example magnesium.
  • the pyrophoric material with mechanical strength is based on crystals, and preferably based on granular zirconium.
  • the layer of pyrophoric material with mechanical strength is advantageous for the layer of pyrophoric material with mechanical strength to be in the form of a cylindrical pellet, the height of which is preferably chosen close to the diameter.
  • the single figure is an axial section of a projectile with a destructive effect exploding on impact, according to the invention, it being understood that other variants can naturally be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention, as will be explained below.
  • the single figure illustrates a projectile 100 with a destructive effect exploding by impact, comprising a shell body 101 in which is disposed an explosive charge 102 and having an outer guide belt 105 below, as well as a ballistic cap 104 extending said body d shell and in which is disposed a priming system.
  • the ballistic cap 104 is organized into two separate parts 106, 107 connected coaxially with each other, including a lower part 106 which is essentially rigid and in the form of a cylindrical cup, and an upper part 107 which is essentially deformable to the impact on target and in the form of a ballistic point extending the shell body 101.
  • Each of the parts 106, 107 is charged with a compressed incendiary composition 108, 109 with the provision of a respective blind axial recess 114, 115, of such that these blind recesses define a closed functional cavity 116, the geometry of which is maintained during the firing and on the trajectory of the projectile.
  • the lower part 106 also receives a layer of pyrophoric material with mechanical strength 120 which is disposed between the perforated bottom of the bucket 106 and the associated incendiary composition 108, this pyrophoric material being initiated on impact by the entire load 108, 109 of the ballistic cap 104 as a result of the sudden local overpressure of the air contained in the closed functional cavity 116, and then propelling at high speed a high number of incandescent particles on the adjacent face 123 of the explosive charge 102.
  • the organization of the ballistic cap 104 in two parts thus makes it possible to define a closed functional cavity 116, coaxial with the axis 200 of the projectile, this cavity playing an essential role in the functioning of said projectile.
  • the upper part 107 of the ballistic cap 104 is suddenly deformed; the composition 109 which it contains then abruptly compresses the air contained in the closed functional cavity 116, and the local overpressure thus created causes the incandescent composition 108 contained in the lower cup-shaped portion 106 to ignite.
  • the sudden increase in air pressure has the effect of effect of promoting mutual friction of the grains of the incandescent composition 108 and 109, in the manner of a lighter effect. It is then that the entire load of the ballistic cap 104 initiates the pyrophoric material with mechanical strength 120, and that a large number of incandescent particles are propelled at high speed on the adjacent face of the explosive load 102.
  • each of the constituent parts of the ballistic cap 104 can thus be produced separately, so that it is easy to choose the suitable compression of the composition placed in each of these parts, this compression having to be chosen such that the geometry of its blind recess is maintained during the firing and on the trajectory of the projectile, so that the side walls of each blind recess 114, 115 defining the closed functional cavity 116 must be able to withstand the forces and stresses applied during the firing of the projectile into the barrel , and on the ballistic trajectory of said projectile.
  • a cylindrical cup is put in place with a shoulder 119 defining a coaxial hole 122 below, and then there is a closing combustible pellet 121, on which the desired quantity of pyrophoric pad is placed.
  • mechanical resistance by exerting a high compression on this pyrophoric material, for example a compression of the order of two tonnes, a layer 120 is produced, this layer having the form of a cylindrical pellet, the height of which is preferably chosen close to its diameter.
  • a cylindrical punch (not shown here) is placed along the axis of the bucket 106, so that the end of said punch is close to the layer 120 of pyrophoric material, and the incendiary composition 108 is put in place, which can then be subjected to the desired compression, which is for example of the order of a ton.
  • the cylindrical punch which has served as the central core is removed, which defines the associated blind axial recess 114. It is then possible to add a straw 117 on the upper edge of the bucket 106, in order to facilitate the subsequent manipulations of the lower part thus produced.
  • the volume of the blind axial recess 114 is of the order of a quarter of the interior volume of the bucket 106.
  • the bucket 106 is also essentially rigid, that is to say it must remain rigid in order to preserve the sequence in which the shell is put into operation (initiation of the incendiary composition inside the ballistic cap, then of the material mechanical pyrophoric, and finally shell explosion).
  • the bucket 106 may for example be made of steel, or a metal alloy (for example aluminum).
  • the bucket 106 also has externally a lower thread 111 allowing a connection by screwing with the neck 103 of the shell body 101, as well as a second upper thread 110 allowing a connection by threading with the upper part 107 of the ballistic cap 104
  • the connection between the shell body 101 and the lower part 106 of the ballistic cap 104 on the one hand, and the connection between the lower 106 and upper 107 parts of said cap on the other hand may be made by any other means, such as crimping or bonding.
  • the upper part 107 of the ballistic cap 104 has a ballistic point shape, and it is loaded by the composition 109 in the same way as the lower part 106 of this ballistic cap.
  • the same cylindrical punch is used before placing the composition 109 inside the upper part 107 and compressing said composition, so as to define the blind axial recess 115, which must be in the extension of the recess axial 114 of the lower part 106 when the two parts 106 and 107 of the ballistic cap 104 are assembled.
  • the thickness and the material of the upper part 107 of the ballistic cap 104 are naturally chosen so that this upper part has a deformation on impact simultaneously satisfying the required safety and sensitivity requirements.
  • the thickness of the upper part of the ballistic cap will naturally depend on the caliber concerned: in practice, this thickness will vary from a few tenths of a millimeter to one or two millimeters approximately.
  • the constituent material will be for example a metal such as steel, or a metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy, or a plastic material (such as a polyamide 6-6 or 6-12), or even a plastic alloy, loaded or not.
  • the ballistic cap 104 it is finally easy to produce the ballistic cap 104, by joining the lower part 106 provided with its layer of pyrophoric material 120 and its composition 108, and the upper part 107 provided with its composition 109, the ballistic cap thus assembled then presenting the closed functional cavity 116 trapping a certain volume of air, which volume of air will subsequently be subjected to sudden compression upon impact on the target due to the deformation of the upper part 107 of the ballistic cap 104.
  • the lower part 106 of the ballistic cap 104 thus partially fits into the upper part 107 of said cap, the remainder of said lower part penetrating into the neck 103 of the shell body 101 to ensure the connection between said shell body and said cap.
  • the upper part 107 of the ballistic cap 104 then contacts by its lower edge 113 the upper edge 112 of the neck 103 of the shell body 101: preferably, provision will be made for the respective contact crowns to be arranged conically, as illustrated in FIG. figure, in order to improve the behavior of the projectile in external ballistics.
  • a combustible plastic material such as a nitrofilm (nitrocellulose for example), is used for this or these flakes.
  • a large number of incandescent particles are then propelled at high speed on the face 123 of the explosive charge 102, passing through the hole 122 provided for this purpose at the bottom of the bucket 106 (the closing combustible pellet 121 destroying itself instantly upon initiation of pyrophoric material).
  • the explosive charge 102 then gradually takes an almost explosive state, causing the explosion of the shell, which distributes the fragments accompanied by a wave of pressure, blast, and a burst effect.
  • the projectile according to the invention is thus particularly sensitive on a thin target, and it has a very high shock wave transmission speed regime.
  • the projectile thus produces an effect significant destructive effect, which results from an incendiary effect reinforced by a high penetrating power of the fragments generated by the operation of the projectile at impact.
  • the simplified architecture of the initiation system of this projectile 100 makes it possible to obtain a relatively low cost price, and in any case much lower than that of an explosive projectile with a mechanical rocket.
  • the explosive charge initiation system thus has a very simple architecture, without mechanical percussion chain, nor primary explosive, or explosive initiation relay, which ensures very high reliability for the behavior of the projectile at impact on target.
  • This simplified ignition system allows a pyrotechnic delay which allows the projectile to penetrate multiple or weakly armored structures.
  • this priming system generates a significant incendiary effect, which is reinforced by the projection of molten metal particles.

Claims (18)

  1. Beim Aufschlag explodierendes Geschoß mit zerstörender Wirkung, bestehend aus einem Geschoßkörper, in dem eine Sprengladung angeordnet ist, sowie aus einer ballistischen Spitze, die den besagten Körper verlängert und in der ein Zündsystem angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ballistische Spitze (104) aus zwei getrennten Teilen (106, 107) besteht, die koaxial miteinander verbunden sind, wobei ein Unterteil (106) im wesentlichen starr ist und die Form eines zylinderförmigen Bechers aufweist, und ein Oberteil (107) im wesentlichen beim Aufschlag auf das Ziel verformbar ist und die Form einer ballistischen, den Geschoßkörper (101) verlängernden Spitze aufweist, und wobei jedes der besagten Teile mit einer verdichteten Zündladung (108, 109) geladen ist, mit jeweils einer axialen Blindaussparung (114, 115), so daß die besagten Blindaussparungen eine funktionelle, geschlossene Vertiefung (116) definieren, deren Geometrie beim Schuß und auf der Flugbahn des Geschosses aufrechterhalten wird, und wobei das Unterteil (106) außerdem eine Schicht aus luftentzündlichem Stoff mit mechanischer Beständigkeit (120) erhält, die sich zwischen dem Lochboden des Bechers (106) und dem zugeordneten Zündsatz (108) befindet, wobei der luftentzündliche Stoff beim Aufschlag durch die gesamte Ladung (108, 109) der ballistischen Spitze (104) aufgrund des plötzlichen örtlichen Überdrucks der in der geschlossenen Vertiefung (116) enthaltenen Luft ausgelöst wird und dabei eine große Anzahl von glühenden Partikeln gegen die an die Sprengladung (102) angrenzende Fläche (123) treibt.
  2. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (106) der ballistischen Spitze (104) teilweise in das Oberteil (107) der besagten Spitze (104) eingreift, wobei der Rest des besagten Unterteils in den Hals (103) des Geschoßkörpers (101) eindringt, um die Verbindung zwischen dem besagten Geschoßkörper und der besagten Spitze zu gewährleisten.
  3. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unter- und Oberteile (106, 107) der ballistischen Spitze (104) durch Gewinde, Bördelverbindung oder Verklebung miteinander (zu 110) verbunden sind.
  4. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (106) der ballistischen Spitze (104) und der Geschoßkörper (101) durch Gewinde, Bördelverbindung oder Verklebung miteinander (zu 111) verbunden sind.
  5. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oberteil (107) der ballistischen Spitze (104) mit seiner Unterkante (113) die Oberkante (112) des Geschoßkörperhalses (101) (103) berührt, wobei die jeweiligen Kontaktkränze vorzugsweise konisch angeordnet sind.
  6. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den angrenzenden Flächen der beiden zusammengedrückten, die Ladung der ballistischen Spitze (104) bildenden Zündsätze (108, 109) eine Rastfeder (117) angeordnet ist.
  7. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes der Teile (106, 107) der ballistischen Spitze (104) eine Rastfeder (117) aufweist, wobei diese beiden Rastfedern zusammengefügt sind.
  8. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rastfeder(n) die Form einer gelochten oder vollen Scheibe aufweisen, wobei der Werkstoff der besagten Rastfedern im letzteren Fall ein brennbarer Werkstoff ist.
  9. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke und der Werkstoff des Oberteils (107) der ballistischen Spitze (104) so gewählt sind, daß das besagte Oberteil beim Aufschlag eine Verformung aufweist, die gleichzeitig die erforderlichen Sicherheits- und Empfindlichkeitsanforderungen erfüllt.
  10. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oberteil (107) der ballistischen Spitze (104) aus Metall, aus einer Metallegierung oder aus Kunststoff, wie z.B. Polyamid, besteht
  11. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke und der Werkstoff des Unterteils (106) der ballistischen Spitze (104) vorzugsweise so gewählt sind, daß das besagte Unterteil eine ausreichende Steifigkeit aufweist, um die Inbetriebnahmesequenz beim Aufschlag zu gewährleisten.
  12. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterteil (106) der ballistischen Spitze (104) aus Metall oder aus einer Metallegierung besteht.
  13. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenwand jede, die funktionelle, geschlossene Vertiefung (116) definierenden Blindaussparung (114, 115) zumindest teilweise mit einem dünnen Mantel (125, 124) überzogen ist, der gleichzeitig die mechanische Beständigkeit des angrenzenden, verdichteten Satzes (108, 109) und die Zündschnelligkeit der gesamten Ladung der ballistischen Spitze (104) begünstigt.
  14. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der dünne Mantel (125, 124) jeder Blindaussparung (114, 115) aus einem hochbrennbaren Werkstoff, zum Beispiel aus einem Propergol mit struktureller Konsistenz besteht.
  15. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der luftentzündliche Stoff mit mechanischer Beständigkeit (120) auf Schwammbasis, insbesondere aus Zirkoniumschwamm, beruht.
  16. Geschoß gemäß Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schwammbasisstoff außerdem mit Metallpartikel durchsetzt ist, zum Beispiel aus Magnesium.
  17. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der luftentzündliche Stoff mit mechanischer Beständigkeit (120) auf Kristallbasis, und vorzugsweise auf Basis von körnigem Zirkonium, beruht.
  18. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schicht (120) aus luftentzündlichem Stoff mit mechanischer Beständigkeit die Form einer zylinderförmigen Tablette aufweist, deren Höhe vorzugsweise ihrem ungefähren Durchmesser entspricht.
EP91401984A 1990-07-17 1991-07-16 Beim Aufschlag explodierendes Geschoss mit zerstörender Wirkung Expired - Lifetime EP0467774B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91401984T ATE99045T1 (de) 1990-07-17 1991-07-16 Beim aufschlag explodierendes geschoss mit zerstoerender wirkung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9009111A FR2664970B1 (fr) 1990-07-17 1990-07-17 Projectile a effet destructif explosant par impact.
FR9009111 1990-07-17

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EP0467774A1 EP0467774A1 (de) 1992-01-22
EP0467774B1 true EP0467774B1 (de) 1993-12-22

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US (1) US5121691A (de)
EP (1) EP0467774B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE99045T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69100830T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2048572T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2664970B1 (de)

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CN113091534B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-06-28 南京理工大学 一种高灵敏度碰击触发的超音速弹头引信
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Publication number Publication date
FR2664970A1 (fr) 1992-01-24
DE69100830T2 (de) 1994-05-05
EP0467774A1 (de) 1992-01-22
DE69100830D1 (de) 1994-02-03
ATE99045T1 (de) 1994-01-15
US5121691A (en) 1992-06-16
FR2664970B1 (fr) 1992-09-25
ES2048572T3 (es) 1994-03-16

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