EP0694755B1 - Explosives Geschoss - Google Patents

Explosives Geschoss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0694755B1
EP0694755B1 EP95401646A EP95401646A EP0694755B1 EP 0694755 B1 EP0694755 B1 EP 0694755B1 EP 95401646 A EP95401646 A EP 95401646A EP 95401646 A EP95401646 A EP 95401646A EP 0694755 B1 EP0694755 B1 EP 0694755B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile according
explosive
intermediate charge
projectile
aggregate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95401646A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0694755A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Nicolas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manurhin Defense SA
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Manurhin Defense SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Manurhin Defense SA filed Critical Manurhin Defense SA
Publication of EP0694755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0694755A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0694755B1 publication Critical patent/EP0694755B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of explosive projectiles, including projectiles medium caliber explosives, which are initiated on impact by a pyrotechnic rocket comprising at least one composition incendiary disposed in a deformable warhead.
  • This delay leads to a decrease in close effects on the target in relation to the firing point (impact on target), and a slow revving.
  • Patent US4237787 describes a projectile comprising a fragment-generating body inside which a explosive and / or incendiary charge initiated by a means priming.
  • An incendiary composition is arranged in its warhead and it is initiated on impact on a target.
  • the composition arranged in the body is initiated by the warhead composition after rupture of the projectile on the target, so after a delay difficult to master.
  • the invention makes it possible to significantly improve the operation of projectiles initiated on impact by a pyrotechnic rocket comprising at least one composition incendiary placed in a deformable warhead.
  • the invention is also applicable to projectiles initiated by a conventional rocket (mechanical or electronic) with a primer ensuring a firing by thermal effect (generation of a hot plasma). She also allows in this case to improve the initiation of explosive charge, ensuring faster switching to mode explosive.
  • the subject of the invention is an explosive projectile, including medium caliber projectile, comprising a body chip generator inside which is placed a explosive and / or incendiary charge initiated by a means priming, characterized in that it includes a charge intermediate disposed between the priming means and the explosive charge consisting of a mixture of an explosive and a first pyrotechnic composition comprising the combination of at least one oxidant and at least one reducer.
  • Such an arrangement provides a means of initiation at increased sensitivity favoring the rapid initiation of explosive charge.
  • the intermediate charge will for example comprise a mixture homogeneous from 20 to 70% by mass of first composition pyrotechnic and from 80% to 30% by mass of explosive.
  • the explosive of the intermediate charge include a secondary explosive combined with a powder metallic.
  • the explosive of the intermediate charge may for example contain 70 to 90% by mass of secondary explosive, 10 to 30% metallic powder, 0 to 3% binder.
  • the metal powder is a powder aluminum particle size between 300 and 500 micrometers.
  • the first pyrotechnic composition of the intermediate charge comprises 40% to 80% by mass of oxidant and 60% to 20% by mass of reducing agent.
  • the oxidant will be chosen from the compounds or their mixtures: Barium Nitrate, Potassium, Barium Chlorate, Potassium Perchlorate, Barium perchlorate, Barium peroxide.
  • the reducing agent will be chosen from among the compounds following, their intermetallic mixtures or alloys: aluminum powder, magnesium powder, uranium powder, silicon powder.
  • the explosive charge has at least one axial cavity into which the intermediate load enters, cavity intended to increase the contact surface between the explosive charge and intermediate charge.
  • Such a configuration by increasing the surfaces of contact between intermediate load and load explosive, reduces the initiation delay of the explosive charge.
  • the intermediate load can be placed in bulk or slightly packed in the axial cavity.
  • the intermediate charge can also be poured or compressed and will include at least one axial hole arranged in look at the priming means.
  • This configuration increases the contact surfaces between the intermediate charge and the plasma supplied by the means of initiation, which also makes it possible to reduce the delay of initiating the explosive charge.
  • a second composition pyrotechnic is placed in the axial hole (s) of the intermediate load.
  • This second pyrotechnic composition is advantageously laid loose or loosely packed in the hole (s) axial.
  • the presence of a loose composition also allows increase the contact surface between the plasma and the second pyrotechnic composition.
  • the second pyrotechnic composition has the same formulation as the intermediate load.
  • a screen made of combustible material is interposed between the means priming and intermediate load.
  • the presence of a screen ensures confinement which allows a rise in pressure of the plasma originating from the initiation means.
  • the screen also improves the security of the projectile by preventing any contact between particles of the composition intermediate and the priming means.
  • the screen will have a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.3mm and it will be made of nitrofilm, propellant or craft paper.
  • the screen has a form of disc, or it has at least one penetrating concave zone at least partially in the axial hole (s) of the intermediate load.
  • the splinter-generating body will advantageously have undergone a structural treatment favoring the formation of splinters, for example quenching and tempering, electron bombardment or localized heating by laser.
  • the priming means consists of a pyrotechnic rocket comprising at less an incendiary composition arranged in a warhead deformable.
  • a projectile 1 comprises a metal body 2 bearing at its rear part a belt 3 and at its front part a means ignition 4, consisting of a pyrotechnic rocket attached to the body by thread.
  • the pyrotechnic rocket has two compositions incendiary 5a, 5b arranged in a deformable warhead 6. Such a rocket is described in detail in the patent FR9009111 and its structure will not be specified further here.
  • Body 2 made of steel or aluminum, will have preferably undergone a structural treatment favoring the splintering, for example quenching followed by income, electronic bombardment or overheating located by laser. Bombing and warm-ups will be performed on longitudinal and circular generators in order to define a mesh of the desired flakes (such process is described in patent FR7829211).
  • Body 2 could also have splinters preformed.
  • Body 2 of the projectile contains an explosive charge 7 of known type, comprising for example an explosive secondary like hexogen or octogen, and which may advantageously include a metal powder charge (like aluminum) to strengthen its pyrophoric capacities (such mixtures combining hexogen or octogen with aluminum are marketed respectively under the names of Hexal or Octal).
  • an explosive charge 7 of known type, comprising for example an explosive secondary like hexogen or octogen, and which may advantageously include a metal powder charge (like aluminum) to strengthen its pyrophoric capacities (such mixtures combining hexogen or octogen with aluminum are marketed respectively under the names of Hexal or Octal).
  • the explosive charge will be set up by casting, compression or injection.
  • An axial cavity 8 will be provided at its upper part cylindrical. In the case of formatting by compression it will suffice to use for the last step of compression a punch having an appropriate shape.
  • the height and diameter of the cavity will be understood usually between half and one sixth of the diameter of the bore 2a of the body 2.
  • the body 2 also contains an intermediate charge 9 disposed between the priming means 4 and the load explosive 7.
  • This intermediate charge consists of a mixture an explosive and a first pyrotechnic composition involving the combination of at least one oxidant and at least a reducer.
  • the explosive may be a secondary explosive known as hexogen or octogen or an explosive charged with a metallic powder such as aluminum (Hexal or Octal).
  • the first pyrotechnic composition will include example 40% to 80% by mass of oxidant and 60% to 20% by mass reducer.
  • this composition is to facilitate initiation of the secondary explosive with which it is mixed. This initiation results from a significant rise in the temperature, passing the speed of movement of the wavefront from a lower speed 2000m / s to another greater than 2000m / s, and thus causing a detonation of all or part of the secondary explosive.
  • the oxidant can be chosen from the following compounds or their mixtures: Barium Nitrate, Potassium Nitrate, Barium Chlorate, Potassium Perchlorate, Perchlorate Barium, Barium Peroxide.
  • reducing agent from the compounds following, their intermetallic mixtures or alloys: aluminum powder, magnesium powder, uranium powder, silicon powder.
  • An intermediate charge comprising 30% to 70% by mass of this composition mixed with 70% to 30% by mass of Hexal is particularly well suited for initiating an explosive Hexal type.
  • the intermediate load can be set up by casting or compression. It will fill the axial cavity 8 of the explosive charge.
  • the intermediate load 9 has an axial hole 10 which is arranged opposite the initiating means 4 and which has here substantially the same diameter as the cavity 8.
  • This hole 10 could for example be obtained during the compression of the intermediate load 9 by means of a punch of particular shape.
  • This hole is to increase the surface of the charge 9 which will be subjected to the plasma generated by the means priming.
  • the height and diameter of hole 10 will be included usually between half and one sixth of the diameter of the bore 2a of the body 2.
  • a screen 11 made of combustible material is placed on the intermediate load 9.
  • This screen may for example be made of nitrofilm, nitrocellulose, propellant or craft paper.
  • the screen is kept pinched between the underside 13 of the priming means 4 and a shoulder 12 of the body 2.
  • This screen isolates the intermediate load 9 from the means boot 4. It provides temporary containment which increases the plasma pressure (hot gases and glowing particles) from the initiation means 4.
  • a screen thickness included between 0.05 and 0.3mm.
  • the screen 11 improves also the security of the projectile by preventing any contact between particles detached from intermediate charge 9 and the priming means 4 (particles which can detach as a result of storage, transport and updating constraints projectile post).
  • this concave shape ensures the confinement of the ignition plasma inside of it.
  • the charging 9 is thus ignited in a way homogeneous over the entire surface of the hole which increases reliability and reproducibility of ignition.
  • FIG. 2 represents another embodiment of a projectile according to the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one in that the hole 10 is completely filled with a second pyrotechnic composition 15 arranged in bulk.
  • This pyrotechnic composition 15 is chosen with a identical formulation to that of the intermediate charge 9.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to increase the surface of contact between the plasma generated by the initiating means and the second pyrotechnic composition, which allows to obtain an intermediate load 9 delay even shorter.
  • the screen 11 has the shape of a flat disc pinched between the lower face 13 of the means priming 4 and the shoulder 12 of the body 2.
  • the second composition 15 another formulation than that of the intermediate load 9.
  • a composition more or less sensitive to flame It is so possible to precisely set the ignition time of the intermediate load.
  • the invention can also be implemented when the means of initiation is of a different nature, for example when it is constituted by a mechanical rocket or electronic device comprising a primer ensuring ignition by thermal effect (generation of a hot plasma). We then ensures initiation of the loading explosive in detonating regime from a thermal explosion effect supplied by the priming means as indicated above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Explosivgeschoß (1), vor allem ein Geschoß mittleren Kalibers, bestehend aus einem Körper (2), der Splitter erzeugt, in dessen Innerem eine Sprengladung (7) angeordnet ist und/oder eine Brandladung, die von einem Zündmittel (4) gezündet wird (werden), gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß es eine Zwischenladung (9) umfaßt, die zwischen dem Zündmittel (4) und der Sprengladung (7) angeordnet ist und aus einem Gemisch aus einem Sprengstoff und einer ersten pyrotechnischen Zusammensetzung besteht, wobei mindestens ein Oxydationsmittel und mindestens ein Reduktionsmittel kombiniert werden.
  2. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Zwischenladung (9) ein homogenes Gemisch aus 20 bis 70 % der Masse der ersten pyrotechnischen Zusammensetzung und 80 bis 30 % der Masse Sprengstoff umfaßt.
  3. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Sprengstoff der Zwischenladung (9) einen Sekundärsprengstoff kombiniert mit einem Metallpulver umfaßt.
  4. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Sprengstoff der Zwischenladung (9) 70 bis 90 % der Masse Sekundärsprengstoff, 10 bis 30 % der Masse Metallpulver und 0 bis 3 % Bindemittel umfaßt.
  5. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Sekundärsprengstoff der Zwischenladung (9) aus folgenden Produkten ausgewählt wird: Hexogen, Oktogen.
  6. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß das Metallpulver ein Aluminiumpulver mit einer Körnung zwischen 300 und 500 Mikrometern ist.
  7. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die erste pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung der Zwischenladung (9) 40 bis 80 % der Masse Oxydationsmittel und 60 bis 20 % der Masse Reduktionsmittel umfaßt.
  8. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 7, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß als Oxydationsmittel eines der folgenden Produkte oder ihrer Gemische gewählt wird: Bariumnitrat, Kaliumnitrat, Bariumchlorat, Kaliumperchlorat, Barium-perchlorat, Bariumperoxyd.
  9. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß das Reduktionsmittel aus folgenden Produkten, ihren Gemischen oder ihren Intermetallegierungen ausgewählt wird: Aluminiumpulver, Magnesiumpulver, Uranpulver, Siliziumpulver.
  10. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die erste pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung der Zwischenladung (9) folgendes umfaßt:
    30 bis 50 % der Masse Bariumnitrat,
    10 bis 30% der Masse Bariumchlorat,
    10 bis 30 % der Masse Aluminium-Magnesiumlegierung,
    10 bis 30 % der Masse gesiebtes Magnesium (feine Körnung, zum Beispiel unter 300 Mikron).
  11. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Sprengladung (7) mindestens einen axialen Hohlraum (8) umfaßt, in den die Zwischenladung (9) eindringt, wobei dieser Hohlraum dazu bestimmt ist, die Berührungsoberfläche zwischen der Sprengladung (7) und der Zwischenladung (9) zu steigern.
  12. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Zwischenladung (9) lose oder leicht zusammengedrückt integriert wird.
  13. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Zwischenladung (9) eingegossen oder hineingedrückt wird und mindestens eine axiale Öffnung (10) umfaßt, die gegenüber dem Zündmittel (4) angeordnet ist.
  14. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß eine zweite pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung (15) in der (den) axialen Öffnung(en) (10) der Zwischenladung (9) angeordnet ist.
  15. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 14, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die zweite pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung (15) lose oder leicht zusammengedrückt in den axiale(n) Öffnung(en) (10) angeordnet ist.
  16. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 14 oder 15, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die zweite pyrotechnische Zusammensetzung (15) die gleiche Formel hat wie die Zwischenladung (9).
  17. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß eine Abschirmung (11) aus brennbarem Werkstoff zwischen das Zündmittel (4) und die Zwischenladung (9) eingefügt wird.
  18. Geschoß gemäß dem Anspruch 17, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Abschirmung (11) eine Stärke zwischen 0,05 und 0,3 mm hat und aus Nitrofolie, Propergol oder Kraftpapier besteht.
  19. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 17 oder 18, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Abschirmung (11) Scheibenform hat.
  20. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 17 oder 18, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Abschirmung (11) mindestens eine konkave Zone (14) aufweist, die mindestens teilweise in die axiale(n) Öffnung(en) (10) der Zwischenladung (9) eindringt.
  21. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Körper (2), der die Splitter erzeugt, eine Strukturbehandlung erhalten hat, die die Bildung von Splittern begünstigt, zum Beispiel durch Abschrecken und Glühen, Atombeschuß oder lokales Erhitzen durch Laser.
  22. Geschoß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß das Zündmittel (4) aus einem pyrotechnischen Zünder mit mindestens einer Brandzusammensetzung (5a, 5b) in einer verformbaren Geschoßspitze (6) besteht.
EP95401646A 1994-07-22 1995-07-07 Explosives Geschoss Expired - Lifetime EP0694755B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9409081 1994-07-22
FR9409081A FR2722876B1 (fr) 1994-07-22 1994-07-22 Projectile explosif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0694755A1 EP0694755A1 (de) 1996-01-31
EP0694755B1 true EP0694755B1 (de) 1999-09-15

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ID=9465644

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95401646A Expired - Lifetime EP0694755B1 (de) 1994-07-22 1995-07-07 Explosives Geschoss

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US5652408A (de)
EP (1) EP0694755B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE184697T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69512158T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2138166T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2722876B1 (de)

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US8122833B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2012-02-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
USRE45899E1 (en) 2000-02-23 2016-02-23 Orbital Atk, Inc. Low temperature, extrudable, high density reactive materials
US20030140811A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-07-31 General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems, Inc. Medium caliber high explosive dual-purpose projectile with dual function fuze
US20030183111A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Tasson Brian B. Mechanically fuzed high explosive projectile using pryotechnic initiation delay
US6805055B1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-10-19 Gamma Recherches & Technologies Patent Sa Plasma firing mechanism and method for firing ammunition
FR2867555A1 (fr) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-16 Alliant Techsystems Inc Projectiles a matiere reactive renforces, et procedes relatifs a ces projectiles
FR2878320B1 (fr) * 2004-11-22 2009-05-08 Giat Ind Sa Munition ou composant de munition comprenant un materiau energetique structural
EP2616757B1 (de) * 2010-09-17 2018-08-22 Amtec Corporation Pyrophor-projektil
US9068441B2 (en) * 2011-09-02 2015-06-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Perforating stimulating bullet
US10436557B2 (en) * 2016-04-18 2019-10-08 Ammo Technologies, Inc. Armor-piercing projectile
DE102016008391B4 (de) 2016-07-09 2018-05-24 Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Geschoss
RU174313U1 (ru) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-11 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Новосибирский Государственный Технический Университет" Осколочно-фугасный снаряд
DE102018104333A1 (de) * 2018-02-26 2019-08-29 Rwm Schweiz Ag Geschoss mit pyrotechnischer Wirkladung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5652408A (en) 1997-07-29
ATE184697T1 (de) 1999-10-15
DE69512158D1 (de) 1999-10-21
DE69512158T2 (de) 2000-01-20
EP0694755A1 (de) 1996-01-31
FR2722876A1 (fr) 1996-01-26
ES2138166T3 (es) 2000-01-01
FR2722876B1 (fr) 1996-09-13

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