Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
  • C07D261/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D261/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D261/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel 4-benzoyl isoxazole derivatives, compositions containing them and their use as herbicides.
• the present invention provides 4-benzoyl isoxazole derivatives of general formula (I): wherein: R1 represents: a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl or 1-methylcyclopropyl group; R2 represents: a straight- or branched- chain alkyl or alkoxy group containing up to four carbon atoms; R3 represents: a hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom; or a group selected from R5,-CO2R5 and -OR5; or a straight- or branched- chain alkyl group containing up to four carbon atoms substituted by -OR5; or a straight- or branched- chain alkoxy group containing up to four carbon atoms substituted by -OR5; R4 represents -S(O) n R; R5 represents: a straight- or
• the compounds of the invention in some aspects of their herbicidal activity, show advantages over known compounds.
• a preferred class of compounds of formula (I) because of their herbicidal properties are those wherein;
• a further preferred class of compounds of formula (I) are those wherein:- R1 represents isopropyl, cyclopropyl or 1-methylcyclopropyl; R2 represents methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy; and R3 represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxymethyl or 1-methoxyethoxy.
• a further preferred class of compounds of formula (I) are those wherein:- R1 represents isopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl or cyclopropyl; R2 represents methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy; R3 represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl or methoxy; and R represents methyl.
• a further preferred class of compounds of formula (I) are those wherein:- R1 represents cyclopropyl; R2 represents methyl or methoxy and R3 represents hydrogen or methoxy provided that R2 and R3 do not simultaneously represent methoxy; and R represents methyl.
• Particularly preferred compounds because of their herbicidal properties include:-
• compounds of general formula (I) may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of general formula (II): wherein L is a leaving group, with a salt of hydroxylamine.
• Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is generally preferred.
• L is O-alkyl, for example ethoxy, or N,N-dialkylamino, for example dimethylamino.
• the reaction is generally carried out in a solvent such as ethanol or acetonitrile, optionally in the presence of a base or acid acceptor such as triethylamine or sodium acetate.
• compounds of general formula (I) in which R4 represents a group -SR may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of general formula (III): with a compound of general formula (IV): in which R4 represents a group -SR.
• the reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride at a temperature between room temperature and 100°C.
• compounds of general formula (I) may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of general formula (V): wherein Y represents a carboxy group or a reactive derivative thereof (such as a carboxylic acid chloride or carboxylic ester), or a cyano group, with an appropriate organometallic reagent such as a Grignard reagent or an organolithium reagent.
• the reaction is generally carried out in an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofuran at a temperature from 0°C to the reflux temperature of the mixture.
• Compounds of general formula (II) may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of general formula (VI): with either a trialkyl orthoformate or a dimethylformamide dialkyl acetal. Generally triethyl orthoformate or dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal are used.
• the reaction with a trialkyl orthoformate is generally carried out in the presence of acetic anhydride at the reflux temperature of the mixture and the reaction with a dimethylformamide dialkyl acetal is carried out optionally in the presence of an inert solvent at a temperature from room temperature to the reflux temperature of the mixture.
• compounds in which n is 1 or 2 may be prepared by the oxidation of the sulphur atom of compounds in which n is zero.
• the oxidation of the sulphur atom is generally carried out using for example 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane at a temperature from -40°C to room temperature, for example from -40°C to 0°C.
• 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (3.4g) was added to a solution of 5-cyclopropyl -4-(2-methoxyd-methylsulphenylbenzoyl)isoxazole (3.5g) in dichloromethane at -15°C. The mixture was stirred at -15°C for 1 hour and at room temperature overnight. The mixture was recooled to -15°C and 3-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid (3.4g) was added. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was washed with aqueous sodium metabisulphate solution, water, dried (anhydrous magnesium sulphate) and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
• Carbon tetrachloride (2ml) was added to a suspension of magnesium (2.67g) in methanol and the mixture was stirred and heated at reflux for 0.5 hours. After cooling t-butyl 3-cyclopropyl-3-oxopropionate (18.4g) was added. The mixture was stirred and heated at reflux for 0.5 hours. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and toluene was added to the residue. It was re-evaporated and the residue was suspended in acetonitrile. A solution of 2-methoxy-4-methylsulphenylbenzoyl chloride (21.8g) in acetonitrile was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours.
• This solid was purified by column chromatography on silica eluted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and petrol (b.p.60-80°C) yielding 3-cyclopropyl-1-(3-chloro-2-methyl-4-methylsulphenylphenyl)-propan- 1,3-dione (5.25g) as a yellow solid, m.p. 113-116°C.
• Benzoyl chlorides were prepared by heating the appropriately substituted benzoic acids at reflux with thionyl chloride for 3 hours. The excess thionyl chloride was removed by evaporation and the benzoyl chlorides were used directly without further purification.
• a method for controlling the growth of weeds i.e. undesired vegetation
• a method for controlling the growth of weeds i.e. undesired vegetation
• the isoxazole derivatives are normally used in the form of herbicidal compositions (i.e. in association with compatible diluents or carriers and/or surface active agents suitable for use in herbicidal compositions), for example as hereinafter described.
• the compounds of general formula (I) show herbicidal aciivity against dicotyledonous (i.e. broad-leafed) and monocotyledonous (i.e. grass) weeds by pre- and/or post-emergence application.
• pre-emergence application application to the soil in which the weed seeds or seedlings are present before emergence of the weeds above the surface of the soil.
• post-emergence application application to the aerial or exposed portions of the weeds which have emerged above the surface of the soil.
• the compounds of general formula (I) may be used to control the growth of: broad-leafed weeds, for example, Abutilon theophrasti , Amaranthus retroflexus , Bidens pilosa , Chenopodium album , Galium aparine , Ipomoea spp . eg .
• Ipomoea purpurea Sesbania exalta , Sinapis arvensis , Solanum nigrum and Xanthium strumarium , and grass weeds, for example Alopecurus myosuroides , Avena fatua , Digitaria sanguinalis , Echinichloa crus-galli , Sorghum bicolor , Eleusine indica and Setaria spp , e.g. Setaria faberii or Setaria viridis , and sedges, for example, Cyperus esculentus .
• the amounts of compounds of general formula (I) applied vary with the nature of the weeds, the compositions used, the time of application, the climatic and edaphic conditions and (when used to control the growth of weeds in crop-growing areas) the nature of the crops.
• the rate of application should be sufficient to control the growth of weeds without causing substantial permanent damage to the crop.
• application rates between 0.01kg and 5kg of active material per hectare give good results. However, it is to be understood that higher or lower application rates may be used, depending upon the particular problem of weed control encountered.
• the compounds of general formula (I) may be used to control selectively the growth of weeds, for example to control the growth of those species hereinbefore mentioned, by pre- or post-emergence application in a directional or non-directional fashion, e.g. by directional or non-directional spraying, to a locus of weed infestation which is an area used, or to be used, for growing crops, for example cereals, e.g. wheat, barley, oats, maize and rice, soya beans, field and dwarf beans, peas, lucerne, cotton, peanuts, flax, onions, carrots, cabbage, oilseed rape, sunflower, sugar beet, and permanent or sown grassland before or after sowing of the crop or before or after emergence of the crop.
• cereals e.g. wheat, barley, oats, maize and rice, soya beans, field and dwarf beans, peas, lucerne, cotton, peanuts, flax, onions, carrots, cabbage, oilseed rape
• the compounds of general formula (I) may also be used to control the growth of weeds, especially those indicated above, by pre- or post-emergence application in established orchards and other tree-growing areas, for example forests, woods and parks, and plantations, e.g. sugar cane, oil palm and rubber plantations.
• plantations e.g. sugar cane, oil palm and rubber plantations.
• they may be applied in a directional or non-directional fashion (e.g. by directional or non-directional spraying) to the weeds or to the soil in which they are expected to appear, before or after planting of the trees or plantations at application rates between 0.25kg and 5.0kg, and preferably between 0.5kg and 4.0kg of active material per hectare.
• the compounds of general formula (I) may also be used to control the growth of weeds, especially those indicated above, at loci which are not cropgrowing areas but in which the control of weeds is nevertheless desirable.
• non-crop-growing areas include airfields, industrial sites, railways, roadside verges, the verges of rivers, irrigation and other waterways, scrublands and fallow or uncultivated land, in particular where it is desired to control the growth of weeds in order to reduce fire risks.
• the active compounds When used for such purposes in which a total herbicidal effect is frequently desired, the active compounds are normally applied at dosage rates higher than those used in crop-growing areas as hereinbefore described. The precise dosage will depend upon the nature of the vegetation treated and the effect sought.
• the compounds of general formula (I) When used to control the growth of weeds by pre-emergence application, the compounds of general formula (I) may be incorporated into the soil in which the weeds are expected to emerge. It will be appreciated that when the compounds of general formula (I) are used to control the growth of weeds by post-emergence application, i.e. by application to the aerial or exposed portions of emerged weeds, the compounds of general formula (I) will also normally come into contact with the soil and may also then exercise a preemergence control on later-germinating weeds in the soil.
• compositions suitable for herbicidal use comprising one or more of the isoxazole derivatives of general formula (I), in association with, and preferably homogeneously dispersed in, one or more compatible agriculturally-acceptable diluents or carriers and/or surface active agents [i.e. diluents or carriers and/or surface active agents of the type generally accepted in the art as being suitable for use in herbicidal compositions and which are compatible with compounds of general formula (I)].
• the term "homogeneously dispersed” is used to include compositions in which the compounds of general formula (I) are dissolved in other components.
• compositions are used in a broad sense to include not only compositions which are ready for use as herbicides but also concentrates which must be diluted before use.
• the compositions contain from 0.05 to 90% by weight of one or more compounds of general formula (I).
• the herbicidal compositions may contain both a diluent or carrier and surface-active (e.g. wetting, dispersing, or emulsifying) agent.
• Surface-active agents which may be present in herbicidal compositions of the present invention may be of the ionic or non-ionic types, for example sulphoricinoleates, quaternary ammonium derivatives, products based on condensates of ethylene oxide with alkyl and polyaryl phenols, e.g.
• nonyl- or octyl-phenols or carboxylic acid esters of anhydrosorbitols which have been rendered soluble by etherification of the free hydroxy groups by condensation with ethylene oxide, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of sulphuric acid esters and sulphonic acids such as dinonyl- and dioctyl-sodium sulphonosuccinates and alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of high molecular weight sulphonic acid derivatives such as sodium and calcium lignosulphonates and sodium and calcium alkylbenzene sulphonates.
• the herbicidal compositions according to the present invention may comprise up to 10% by weight, e.g. from 0.05% to 10% by weight, of surface-active agent but, if desired, herbicidal compositions according to the present invention may comprise higher proportions of surface-active agent, for example up to 15% by weight in liquid emulsifiable suspension concentrates and up to 25% by weight in liquid water soluble concentrates.
• suitable solid diluents or carriers are aluminium silicate, talc, calcined magnesia, kieselguhr, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, adsorbent carbon black and clays such as kaolin and bentonite.
• the solid compositions (which may take the form of dusts, granules or wettable powders) are preferably prepared by grinding the compounds of general formula (I) with solid diluents or by impregnating the solid diluents or carriers with solutions of the compounds of general formula (I) in volatile solvents, evaporating the solvents and, if necessary, grinding the products so as to obtain powders.
• Granular formulations may be prepared by absorbing the compounds of general formula (I) (dissolved in suitable solvents, which may, if desired, be volatile) onto the solid diluents or carriers in granular form and, if desired, evaporating the solvents, or by granulating compositions in powder form obtained as described above.
• Solid herbicidal compositions, particularly wettable powders and granules may contain wetting or dispersing agents (for example of the types described above), which may also, when solid, serve as diluents or carriers.
• Liquid compositions according to the invention may take the form of aqueous, organic or aqueous-organic solutions, suspensions and emulsions which may incorporate a surface-active agent.
• Suitable liquid diluents for incorporation in the liquid compositions include water, glycols, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, isophorone, toluene, xylene, mineral, animal and vegetable oils and light aromatic and naphthenic fractions of petroleum (and mixtures of these diluents).
• Surface-active agents, which may be present in the liquid compositions may be ionic or non-ionic (for example of the types described above) and may, when liquid, also serve as diluents or carriers.
• Powders, dispersible granules and liquid compositions in the form of concentrates may be diluted with water or other suitable diluents, for example mineral or vegetable oils, particularly in the case of liquid concentrates in which the diluent or carrier is an oil, to give compositions ready for use.
• suitable diluents for example mineral or vegetable oils, particularly in the case of liquid concentrates in which the diluent or carrier is an oil, to give compositions ready for use.
• liquid compositions of the compound of general formula (I) may be used in the form of self-emulsifying concentrates containing the active substances dissolved in the emulsifying agents or in solvents containing emulsifying agents compatible with the active substances, the simple addition of water to such concentrates producing compositions ready for use.
• Liquid concentrates in which the diluent or carrier is an oil may be used without further dilution using the electrostatic spray technique.
• Herbicidal compositions according to the present invention may also contain, if desired, conventional adjuvants such as adhesives, protective colloids, thickeners, penetrating agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents, anti-caking agents, colouring agents and corrosion inhibitors. These adjuvants may also serve as carriers or diluents.
• Preferred herbicidal compositions according to the present invention are aqueous suspension concentrates which comprise from 10 to 70% of one or more compounds of general formula (I), from 2 to 10% of surface-active agent, from 0.1 to 5% of thickener and from 15 to 87.9% of water; wettable powders which comprise from 10 to 90% of one or more compounds of general formula (I), from 2 to 10% of surface-active agent and from 8 to 88% of solid diluent or carrier; water soluble or water dispersible powders which comprise from 10 to 90% of one or more compounds of general formula (I), from 2 to 40% of sodium carbonate and from 0 to 88% of solid diluent; liquid water soluble concentrates which comprise from 5 to 50%, e.g.
• liquid emulsifiable suspension concentrates which comprise from 10 to 70% of one or more compounds of general formula (I), from 5 to 15% of surface-active agent, from 0.1 to 5% of thickener and from 10 to 84.9% of organic solvent; granules which comprise from 1 to 90%, e.g. 2 to 10% of one or more compounds of general formula (I), from 0.5 to 7%, e.g.
• granular carrier and emulsifiable concentrates which comprise 0.05 to 90%, and preferably from 1 to 60% of one or more compounds of general formula (I), from 0.01 to 10%, and preferably from 1 to 10%, of surface-active agent and from 9.99 to 99.94%, and preferably from 39 to 98.99%, of organic solvent.
• Herbicidal compositions according to the present invention may also comprise the compounds of general formula (I) in association with, and preferably homogeneously dispersed in, one or more other pesticidally active compounds and, if desired, one or more compatible pesticidally acceptable diluents or carriers, surface-active agents and conventional adjuvants as hereinbefore described.
• herbicides for example to increase the range of weed species controlled for example alachlor [2-chloro-2,6,-diethyl-N-(methoxy-methyl)-acetanilide], atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6 -isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine], bromoxynil [3,5-dibromo-4hydroxybenzonitrile], chlortoluron [N′-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea], cyanazine [2-chloro-4-(1-cyano-1- methylethylamino)-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine], 2,4-D [2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid], dicamba [3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenz
• synthetic pyrethroids e.g. permethrin and cypermethrin
• fungicides e.g. carbamates, e.g. methyl N-(1-butyl-carbamoyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate
• triazoles e.g. 1-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-3,3- dimethyl- 1-( 1,2,4-triazol- 1-yl)-butan-2-one.
• Pesticidally active compounds and other biologically active materials which may be included in, or used in conjunction with, the herbicidal compositions of the present invention, for example those hereinbefore mentioned, and which are acids, may, if desired, be utilized in the form of conventional derivatives, for example alkali metal and amine salts and esters.
• an article of manufacture comprising at least one of the isoxazole derivatives of general formula (I) or, as is preferred, a herbicidal composition as hereinbefore described, and preferably a herbicidal concentrate which must be diluted before use, comprising at least one of the isoxazole derivatives of general formula (I) within a container for the aforesaid derivative or derivatives of general formula (I), or a said herbicidal composition, and instructions physically associated with the aforesaid container setting out the manner in which the aforesaid derivative or derivatives of general formula (I) or herbicidal composition contained therein is to be used to control the growth of weeds.
• the containers will normally be of the types conventionally used for the storage of chemical substances which are solid at normal ambient temperatures and herbicidal compositions particularly in the form of concentrates, for example cans and drums of metal, which may be internally lacquered, and plastics materials, bottles or glass and plastics materials and, when the contents of the container is a solid, for example granular, herbicidal compositions, boxes, for example of cardboard, plastics materials and metal, or sacks.
• the containers will normally be of sufficient capacity to contain amounts of the isoxazole derivative or herbicidal compositions sufficient to treat at least one acre of ground to control the growth of weeds therein but will not exceed a size which is convenient for conventional methods of handling.
• the instructions will be physically associated with the container, for example by being printed directly thereon or on a label or tag affixed thereto.
• the directions will normally indicate that the contents of the container, after dilution if necessary, are to be applied to control the growth of weeds at rates of application between 0.01kg and 20kg of active material per hectare in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
• a soluble concentrate is formed from: by stirring THFA, active ingredient (compound A) and 90% volume of water and slowly adding the potassium hydroxide solution until a steady pH 7-8 is obtained then making up to volume with water.
• a wettable powder is formed from: by blending the above ingredients together and grinding the mixture in an air jet mill.
• a water soluble powder is formed from: by mixing the above ingredients and grinding the above mixture in a hammer mill.
• the compounds of the invention have been used in herbicidal applications according to the following procedures.
• the seeds were sown in 70 mm square, 75 mm deep plastic pots in non-sterile soil .
• the quantities of seed per pot were as follows:-
• the compounds of the invention were applied to the soil surface, containing the seeds, as described in (a). A single pot of each crop and each weed was allocated to each treatment, with unsprayed controls and controls sprayed with acetone alone.
• the weeds and crops were sown directly into John Innes potting compost in 75 mm deep, 70 mm square pots except for Amaranthus which was pricked out at the seedling stage and transferred to the pots one week before spraying. The plants were then grown in the greenhouse until ready for spraying with the compounds used to treat the plants. The number of plants per pot were as follows :-
• the compounds used to treat the plants were applied to the plants as described in (a). A single pot of each crop and weed species was allocated to each treatment, with unsprayed controls and controls sprayed with acetone alone.
• the compounds of the invention used at 4kg/ha or less,have shown an excellent level of herbicidal activity together with crop tolerance on the weeds used in the foregoing experiments.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

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• 1992
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• 1996
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