EP0524393B1 - Method for the manufacture of a commutator and apparatus for implementing the method - Google Patents

Method for the manufacture of a commutator and apparatus for implementing the method

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Publication number
EP0524393B1
EP0524393B1 EP92108343A EP92108343A EP0524393B1 EP 0524393 B1 EP0524393 B1 EP 0524393B1 EP 92108343 A EP92108343 A EP 92108343A EP 92108343 A EP92108343 A EP 92108343A EP 0524393 B1 EP0524393 B1 EP 0524393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
segment
fact
segments
accordance
section
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EP92108343A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0524393A3 (en
EP0524393A2 (en
Inventor
Joze Dipl.-Ing. Org Potocnik
Ivan Cerin
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Kolektor doo
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Kolektor doo
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Publication of EP0524393A3 publication Critical patent/EP0524393A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06Manufacture of commutators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a commutator, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1, and an apparatus for performing such a method.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing commutators, which enables less expensive production and can achieve a higher dynamic and thermal stress resistance of the commutators. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
  • connection element cannot be provided with axial webs to form anchoring members, as in the known extrusion process, but rather segments with grooves can also be used to hold reinforcing rings.
  • connection elements on the segments there is the possibility of reinforcing them with prestressed rings and thereby achieving a substantial increase in the dynamic and thermal resistance of such commutators.
  • the method according to the invention is also very advantageous in that the tool required for material displacement does not need to have thin-walled parts which are subject to severe wear.
  • each segment can be provided with at least one radially projecting rib or the like extending in the longitudinal direction of the segment on its back surface before the material displacement.
  • This rib By receiving this rib in a corresponding guide groove of the tool, the segment is prevented from moving transversely to its longitudinal extent, that is to say in the circumferential direction of the commutator.
  • the height and width of these ribs can be relatively small. It is of secondary importance which profile your ribs have. Because of its simplicity, for example, a profile that points away from the back surface in the form of a wedge is very advantageous. It is also advantageous to form the rib or ribs onto the back surface of the segment only in a central zone thereof. The tool used for this purpose can then slide on the two side zones of the back surface located next to the rib.
  • Securing the segments against movement transversely to their longitudinal direction during material displacement can be considerably improved in that the new back surface resulting from the material displacement is provided with at least one radially projecting rib or the like extending in the longitudinal direction of the segment, which expediently like the rib or Ribs of the original back surface is formed.
  • This rib can engage in a corresponding guide of the tool, whereby the newly formed rib is lengthened to the extent that the originally existing rib is shortened.
  • these ribs serve for the axial alignment and mutual spacing of the segments during the later radial expansion of the segment ring by means of a device, not shown, and when pressing the same with a press material in a corresponding, grooved press ring.
  • At least one rib, groove or the like extending in the radial direction is also formed on the front side facing the one end of the segment and / or on the front side facing the other end of the segment.
  • a rib gives the material used to form the connection element a certain radial guidance and at the same time serves for the radial alignment of the segments in the subsequent work steps.
  • the segments can be cut to length from a profile bar before the connection element is formed on. This way of producing the segments is particularly inexpensive.
  • the connecting element can also be integrally formed in the manner according to the invention on a segment which has been produced in a different way.
  • the effort for punching out a groove at each end of the segment is very low.
  • these grooves each form an annular groove in the two end faces of the segment ring, which can each receive a reinforcement ring.
  • the segments of the commutator are joined together to form a cylindrical segment ring before the connecting elements of all segments are subsequently molded on simultaneously.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing a device with which the connection elements can be molded onto all segments of a commutator at the same time. This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 11.
  • a commutator for a starter motor that is to say a motor for starting an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle
  • pieces of the same length are separated from a profile bar, not shown, which consists of a copper alloy customary for the segments of commutators.
  • the length of these pieces is equal to the desired length of the segments 1 for the commutator designated as a whole by 2.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the segments 1 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the angle which the two side surfaces enclose depends on the number of segments 1 which the commutator 2 has.
  • each segment 1 is provided at both ends with a groove 4 which is open towards the end of the segment.
  • the foot section of segment 1 is somewhat shorter than the back section. The thickness of the segments 1 measured in the circumferential direction of the commutator 2 can be reduced in the area of the middle section provided with the grooves 4 and the foot section. At the transition There is then a step from the two side surfaces of the back section to the middle section.
  • the height of the segments 1 measured in the radial direction of the commutator 2 and in particular the corresponding height of the back section is chosen to be greater than this height of the segments 1 during manufacture Commutator.
  • segment ring 6 The number of segments 1 required for the commutator 2 is combined to form a segment ring 6, in which the segments 1 abut one another without a gap.
  • This segment ring 6 is then inserted into a first section 7 of a hollow cylindrical punch, the inside diameter of which is equal to the outside diameter of the segment ring 6 defined by the back surface of the segments 1.
  • rib 3 there is a guide groove extending in the axial direction and corresponding in cross-sectional shape to the rib 3 in the inner lateral surface of the first section 7 of the stamp. The axial alignment of the segments 1 is therefore ensured.
  • the one end face of a likewise hollow cylindrical, second section 8 coaxially adjoins the one end face of the first section 7 of the stamp.
  • the connection of the two sections 7 and 8 is not shown, since it can be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the second section 8 is provided on the side adjoining the first section 7 with an annular groove 9 open towards the first section 7 and radially inward, the width of which is measured in the axial direction of the stamp and is equal to that in FIG axial direction of the commutator 2
  • Measured width of the rod-shaped connecting element 10 to be molded onto each segment 1 is selected, which is used to connect the segment 1 to the conductors of the rotor winding to which the commutator 2 is assigned.
  • the depth of the annular groove 9 measured in the radial direction is selected to be somewhat greater than the height of the connecting element 10 to be molded in the radial direction.
  • the radius of the inner lateral surface of the second section 8 of the stamp is chosen so much smaller than the radius of the inner lateral surface of the first section 7 that the amount of material displaced is the same the amount of material required for the formation of the connecting element 10.
  • the inner lateral surface of the second section 8 is also provided with guide grooves which are continuous in the axial direction, each of which is aligned with the center of the back surface of one of the segments 1.
  • these guide grooves have the same cross-sectional profile as those of the first section 7.
  • a different cross-sectional profile could also be chosen because the rib of the newly formed back surface engaging in this guide groove is only formed when the material is displaced.
  • the punch consisting of sections 7 and 8 is assigned a cylindrical mandrel 11 which has an end section 11 ', the outer diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the segment ring 6 and the axial length of which is approximately is chosen equal to the axial length of the segment ring 6.
  • the end face of the mandrel 11, from which the end portion 11 'protrudes, forms, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a step whose height is equal to the step that the segments 1 have at the transition from their foot portion to the back portion. This ensures that both the back section and the foot section of the segments 1 rest against the end face of the mandrel 11.
  • the end face of the mandrel 11 is provided with a groove 11 Nut aligned with the grooves 4 of the segments 1, into which an auxiliary ring 12 engages, as in the grooves 4.
  • This auxiliary ring 12 ensures the cohesion of the segment ring 6. Therefore, the segment ring 6 can first be placed on the end section 11 'of the mandrel 11 before it is inserted into the first section 7 of the stamp.
  • the stamp and the mandrel 11 are moved rapidly with respect to one another in the sense of an introduction of the segment ring 6 into the second section 8 of the stamp.
  • material is displaced from the back of all segments 1 in the axial direction into the annular groove 9 of the stamp, in which the rod-shaped connecting element 10 which projects radially from segment 1 is formed.
  • Each segment 1 is given a new back surface 13 with a new rib 14 projecting radially from the back surface 13.
  • the rib 14, which is formed by the associated guide groove of the second section 8 and therefore engages in it, ensures that each segment 1 also maintains its axial alignment in the second section 8 of the stamp.
  • At least one of the two flanks of the annular groove 9, which are formed by the mutually facing end faces of the first section 7 and the second section 8, have at least one radially extending guide rib and / or guide groove for each segment 1, through which the formation of the connecting element 10 serving, entering the annular groove 9 receives a radial guide.
  • the formation of the connecting elements 10 is complete when the segment ring 6 has been pressed into the part of the section 8 which has the smaller inside diameter compared to the first section 7, except for the end section carrying the connecting elements 10.
  • the segment ring 6 is now removed from the stamp.
  • the shape and size of the integrally formed connecting elements 10 show FIGS. 5 and 6, which show the segment ring 6 after removal from the stamp in a front view or a segment 1 in a side view. Then the segment ring 6 is also removed from the mandrel 11.
  • connection elements 10 can be adapted to the requirements within wide limits.
  • the segment ring 6 is subsequently widened uniformly.
  • an insulating, bush-shaped hub 15 is inserted into the expanded segment ring 6. Prestressed reinforcement rings 16 are then introduced into the two end ring grooves formed by the groove 4 of the segments 1. The entire clamping force of the reinforcement rings 16 is therefore converted into a radially inward force, with which the segments 1 are pressed against the hub 15, which is thereby in the radial direction is biased.
  • the hub 15 can of course consist of metal and be insulated from the segments 1 by a thin insulating layer.
  • a steel hub is highly dimensionally stable, which, together with the radial preload, leads to a high dynamic and thermal load capacity of the commutator 2.
  • press material as is usually used for press commutators, is pressed into the segment ring 6.
  • the molding material fills all cavities. It also penetrates between the segments 1 and, as shown in FIG. 1, covers the two end faces of the segment ring 6 and the hub 15.
  • connection elements 10 can also be finished in a different way after the connection elements 10 have been molded on.
  • 1 insulation lamella can be inserted between these segments.
  • connection elements 10 are each provided with a slot 17 for inserting the conductors of the rotor winding and, like the new back surfaces 13, turned over.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators, das die Merkmale des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 aufweist, und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing a commutator, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1, and an apparatus for performing such a method.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren dieser Art (DE-C-2 028 857) werden alle Segmente gleichzeitig durch Fließpressen aus einem einzigen Rohling hergestellt. Im Zuge dieses Fließpressens wird an jedes Segment das häufig als Lötfahne bezeichnete Anschlußelement angeformt. Außerdem werden Stege gebildet, die zunächst noch die Segmente an ihrem Außenrand zusammenhalten und später entfernt werden müssen. Der wesentliche Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß das Fließpressen einen hohen Energieaufwand erforderlich macht, weil der größte Teil des den Rohling bildenden Materials verformt werden muß. Hinzu kommt, daß wegen der geringen Spalte zwischen den benachbarten Segmenten das Fließpresswerkzeug hoch beansprucht ist und deshalb eine relativ geringe Lebensdauer hat.In a known method of this type (DE-C-2 028 857), all segments are produced simultaneously by extrusion from a single blank. In the course of this extrusion, the connecting element, often referred to as a soldering lug, is molded onto each segment. In addition, webs are formed which initially still hold the segments together on their outer edge and must be removed later. The main disadvantage of this method is that extrusion requires a high amount of energy because most of the material forming the blank has to be deformed. In addition, because of the small gaps between the adjacent segments, the extrusion tool is highly stressed and therefore has a relatively short service life.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kommutatoren zu schaffen, das eine kostengünstigere Herstellung ermöglicht und eine höhere dynamische und thermische Beanspruchbarkeit der Kommutatoren erreichen läßt. Diese Aufgabe löst ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.The invention has for its object to provide a method for producing commutators, which enables less expensive production and can achieve a higher dynamic and thermal stress resistance of the commutators. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.

Dadurch, daß an den Segmenten nur das zwischen der ursprünglichen und der neuen Rückenfläche vorhandene Material verdrängt werden muß, ist der für diese Verformung erforderliche Kraftaufwand wesentlich geringer als der pro Segment erforderliche Kraftaufwand bei dem bekannten Verfahren. Dabei ist von Vorteil, daß stets nur soviel Material verdrängt zu werden braucht, wie benötigt wird, um das Anschlußelement zu formen. Ferner können die Abmessungen des Anschlußelementes und insbesondere seine radiale Abmessung in weiten Grenzen frei gewählt werden. Von besonderem Vorteil ist außerdem, daß die Segmente nicht wie bei dem bekannten Fließpressverfahren nur mit axialen Stegen zur Ausbildung von Verankerungsorganen versehen werden können, sondern vielmehr auch Segmente mit Nuten zur Aufnahme von Armierungsringen verwendet werden können. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit, außer dem kostengünstigen Anformen der Anschlußelemente an die Segmente diese mit vorgespannten Ringen zu armieren und dadurch eine wesentliche Anhebung der dynamischen und thermischen Beanspruchbarkeit derartiger Kommutatoren zu erreichen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist auch insofern sehr vorteilhaft, als das zur Materialverdrängung erforderliche Werkzeug keine dünnwandigen und einem starken Verschleiß ausgesetzte Teile aufzuweisen braucht.Because only the material present between the original and the new back surface has to be displaced on the segments, the force required for this deformation is considerably less than the force required per segment in the known method. The advantage here is that only as much material needs to be displaced as is required to form the connecting element. Furthermore, the dimensions of the connection element and in particular its radial dimension can be freely selected within wide limits. It is also of particular advantage that the segments cannot be provided with axial webs to form anchoring members, as in the known extrusion process, but rather segments with grooves can also be used to hold reinforcing rings. As a result, in addition to the inexpensive shaping of the connection elements on the segments, there is the possibility of reinforcing them with prestressed rings and thereby achieving a substantial increase in the dynamic and thermal resistance of such commutators. The method according to the invention is also very advantageous in that the tool required for material displacement does not need to have thin-walled parts which are subject to severe wear.

Es ist zwar bekannt (GB-A-772 460), Material aus der Oberfläche von Segmenten in axialer Richtung nach Art eines Schälvorganges herauszuschieben. Dabei werden aber Nuten und korrespondierende Zungen gebildet.It is known (GB-A-772 460) to push material out of the surface of segments in the axial direction in the manner of a peeling process. But grooves and corresponding tongues are formed.

Es ist wichtig, die Segmente während der Verformung daran zu hindern, sich quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung zu bewegen. Um eine solche Bewegung zu verhindern, kann man vor der Materialverdrängung jedes Segment an seiner Rückenfläche mit wenigstens einer radial abstehenden und sich in Segmentlängsrichtung erstreckende Rippe oder dergleichen versehen. Durch die Aufnahme dieser Rippe in einer korrespondierenden Führungnut des Werkzeuges ist das Segment daran gehindert, sich quer zu seiner Längserstreckung, also in Umfangsrichtung des Kommutators, zu bewegen. Die Höhe und Breite dieser Rippen kann relativ gering sein. Es ist von untergeordneter Bedeutung, welches Profil diene Rippen haben. Wegen seiner Einfachheit sehr vorteilhaft ist beispielsweise ein Profil, das in der Form eines Keiles von der Rückenfläche wegweist. Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, die Rippe oder Rippen nur in einer Mittelzone der Rückenfläche des Segmentes an diese anzuformen. Auf den beiden neben der Rippe liegenden Seitenzonen der Rückenfläche kann dann während der Materialverdrängung das hierzu verwendete Werkzeug gleiten.It is important to prevent the segments from moving transverse to their longitudinal direction during the deformation. In order to prevent such a movement, each segment can be provided with at least one radially projecting rib or the like extending in the longitudinal direction of the segment on its back surface before the material displacement. By receiving this rib in a corresponding guide groove of the tool, the segment is prevented from moving transversely to its longitudinal extent, that is to say in the circumferential direction of the commutator. The height and width of these ribs can be relatively small. It is of secondary importance which profile your ribs have. Because of its simplicity, for example, a profile that points away from the back surface in the form of a wedge is very advantageous. It is also advantageous to form the rib or ribs onto the back surface of the segment only in a central zone thereof. The tool used for this purpose can then slide on the two side zones of the back surface located next to the rib.

Die Sicherung der Segmente gegen eine Bewegung quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung während der Materialverdrängung kann erheblich dadurch verbessert werden, daß die infolge der Materialverdrängung entstehende neue Rückenfläche mit wenigstens einer radial abstehenden und sich in Segmentlängsrichtung erstreckenden Rippe oder dergleichen versehen wird, die zweckmäßigerweise wie die Rippe oder Rippen der ursprünglichen Rückenfläche ausgebildet ist. Diese Rippe kann in eine korrespondierende Führung des Werkzeuges eingreifen, wodurch in dem Maße, in dem die ursprünglich vorhandene Rippe verkürzt wird, die neu gebildete Rippe verlängert wird. Gleichzeitig dienen diese Rippen der axialen Ausrichtung und gegenseitigen Distanzierung der Segmente beim späteren radialen Aufweiten des Segmentringes mittels einer nicht dargestellten Vorrichtung, sowie beim Auspressen desselben mit einem Preßstoff in einem entsprechenden, genuteten Preßring.Securing the segments against movement transversely to their longitudinal direction during material displacement can be considerably improved in that the new back surface resulting from the material displacement is provided with at least one radially projecting rib or the like extending in the longitudinal direction of the segment, which expediently like the rib or Ribs of the original back surface is formed. This rib can engage in a corresponding guide of the tool, whereby the newly formed rib is lengthened to the extent that the originally existing rib is shortened. At the same time, these ribs serve for the axial alignment and mutual spacing of the segments during the later radial expansion of the segment ring by means of a device, not shown, and when pressing the same with a press material in a corresponding, grooved press ring.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird außerdem an der dem einen Ende des Segmentes zugewandten Frontseite und/oder an der dem anderen Ende des Segmentes zugewandten Frontseite des Anschlußelementes wenigstens eine in radialer Richtung verlaufende Rippe, Nut oder dergleichen angeformt. Eine solche Rippe ergibt dem der Bildung des Anschlußelementes dienenden Material eine gewisse radiale Führung und dient zugleich der radialen Ausrichtung der Segmente bei den nachfolgenden Arbeitsschritten.In a preferred embodiment, at least one rib, groove or the like extending in the radial direction is also formed on the front side facing the one end of the segment and / or on the front side facing the other end of the segment. Such a rib gives the material used to form the connection element a certain radial guidance and at the same time serves for the radial alignment of the segments in the subsequent work steps.

Die Segmente können vor der Anformung des Anschlußelementes von einem Profilstab abgelängt werden. Diese Art der Herstellung der Segmente ist besonders kostengünstig. Selbstverständlich kann aber auch an ein Segment, das in anderer Weise hergestellt worden ist, das Anschlußelement in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise angeformt werden.The segments can be cut to length from a profile bar before the connection element is formed on. This way of producing the segments is particularly inexpensive. Of course, however, the connecting element can also be integrally formed in the manner according to the invention on a segment which has been produced in a different way.

Vor allem dann, wenn die Segmente von einem Profilstab abgelängt werden, ist der Aufwand für das Ausstanzen von je einer Nut an beiden Enden des Segmentes sehr gering. Diese Nuten bilden, wenn die Segmente zu einem Segmentring zusammengesetzt sind, je eine Ringnut in den beiden Stirnflächen des Segmentringes, die je einen Armierungsring aufnehmen können. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, nur am einen Ende der Segmente eine Nut vorzusehen oder auch im Fußbereich der Segmente wenigstens eine Nut auszustanzen, um nicht nur im Bereich der beiden stirnseitigen Enden einen Armierungsring vorsehen zu können.Especially when the segments are cut to length from a profile bar, the effort for punching out a groove at each end of the segment is very low. When the segments are assembled to form a segment ring, these grooves each form an annular groove in the two end faces of the segment ring, which can each receive a reinforcement ring. Of course, it is possible to provide a groove only at one end of the segments or to punch out at least one groove in the base region of the segments, in order not to be able to provide a reinforcing ring only in the region of the two ends.

Mit Hilfe von Armierungsringen läßt sich auf einfache Weise die Wärmebelastbarkeit des Kommutators sowie die zulässige maximale Drehzahl erheblich vergrößern. Dies ist beispielsweise bei Kommutatoren für Anlassermotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen wesentlich, da der Trend zu kleineren, thermisch höher belastbaren und eine wesentlich höhere Betriebsdrehzahl aufweisenden Motoren geht.With the help of reinforcement rings, the heat load capacity of the commutator and the permissible maximum speed can be increased considerably. This is important, for example, in the case of commutators for starter motors in motor vehicles, since the trend is towards smaller motors which can be subjected to higher thermal loads and have a significantly higher operating speed.

Es ist zwar ohne weiteres möglich, die Segmente einzeln mit dem Anschlußelement zu versehen. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden jedoch die Segmente des Kommutators zu einem zylindrischen Segmentring zusammengefügt, ehe anschließend die Anschlußelemente aller Segmente gleichzeitig angeformt werden.Although it is readily possible to provide the segments individually with the connection element. In a preferred embodiment, however, the segments of the commutator are joined together to form a cylindrical segment ring before the connecting elements of all segments are subsequently molded on simultaneously.

Der Erfindung liegt auch die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der an alle Segmente eines Kommutators gleichzeitig die Anschlußelemente angeformt werden können. Diese Aufgabe löst eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 11.The invention is also based on the object of providing a device with which the connection elements can be molded onto all segments of a commutator at the same time. This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 11.

Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen einer solchen Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 12 bis 16.Particularly advantageous embodiments of such a device are the subject of claims 12 to 16.

Im folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels im einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten, aufgeschnitten und perspektivisch dargestellten Kommutator im fertigen Zustand,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht eines Segmentes vor dem Anformen seines Anschlußelementes,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt nach der Linie III - III der Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
eine Stirnansicht eines aus Segmenten gemäß Fig. 2 zusammengesetzten Segmentringes vor dem Anformen der Anschlußelemente,
Fig. 5
eine Ansicht gemäß Fig. 4 des Segmentringes nach dem Anformen der Anschlußelemente,
Fig. 6
eine Seitenansicht eines Segmentes nach dem Anformen des Anschlußelementes,
Fig. 7
einen Schnitt nach der Linie VII - VII der Fig. 6,
Fig. 8
eine Stirnansicht des Segmentringes nach dessen Aufweitung und dem Einbringen einer isolierten Nabe sowie je eines Armierungsringes in die Ringnuten beider Stirnseiten,
Fig. 9
einen Längsschnitt einer Vorrichtung zum Anformen der Anschlußelemente in einer Stellung zu Beginn des Vorgangs der Materialverdrängung,
Fig. 10
einen Schnitt entsprechend Fig. 9 im Zustand kurz vor Beendigung der Materialverdrängung und Bildung der Anschlußelemente.
The invention is explained in detail below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a commutator produced by the method according to the invention, cut open and shown in perspective in the finished state,
Fig. 2
a side view of a segment before the molding of its connecting element,
Fig. 3
2 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 2,
Fig. 4
3 shows an end view of a segment ring composed of segments according to FIG. 2 before the connection elements are formed,
Fig. 5
4 is a view of the segment ring after molding of the connection elements,
Fig. 6
a side view of a segment after the molding of the connecting element,
Fig. 7
6 shows a section along the line VII-VII of FIG. 6,
Fig. 8
3 shows an end view of the segment ring after its widening and the introduction of an insulated hub and a reinforcing ring in each case into the ring grooves on both end faces,
Fig. 9
2 shows a longitudinal section of a device for shaping the connection elements in a position at the beginning of the process of material displacement,
Fig. 10
9 in the state shortly before the material displacement and formation of the connecting elements.

Zur Herstellung eines Kommutators für einen Anlassermotor, also einen Motor zum Starten einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges, werden von einem nicht dargestellten Profilstab, der aus einer für die Segmente von Kommutatoren üblichen Kupferlegierung besteht, Stücke gleicher Länge abgetrennt. Die Länge dieser Stücke ist gleich der gewünschten Länge der Segmente 1 für den als Ganzes mit 2 bezeichneten Kommutator. Das Querschnittsprofil der Segmente 1 zeigt Fig. 3. Der Winkel, den die beiden Seitenflächen einschließen, hängt von der Anzahl der Segmente 1 ab, die der Kommutator 2 aufweist. An die Rückenfläche 1′ der Segmente 1 ist, wie insbesondere Fig. 3 zeigt, eine Rippe 3 angeformt, die sich über die gesamte Länge des Segmentes 1 erstreckt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Rippe 3 auf die Mittelzone der Rückenfläche 1′ beschränkt. Sie liegt daher zwischen zwei gleichbreiten Seitenzonen der Rückenfläche.In order to produce a commutator for a starter motor, that is to say a motor for starting an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, pieces of the same length are separated from a profile bar, not shown, which consists of a copper alloy customary for the segments of commutators. The length of these pieces is equal to the desired length of the segments 1 for the commutator designated as a whole by 2. The cross-sectional profile of the segments 1 is shown in FIG. 3. The angle which the two side surfaces enclose depends on the number of segments 1 which the commutator 2 has. On the back surface 1 'of the segments 1, as shown in particular Fig. 3, a rib 3 is formed, which extends over the entire length of the segment 1. In the embodiment, the rib 3 is limited to the central zone of the back surface 1 '. It is therefore between two equally wide side zones of the back surface.

Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, ist der Mittelabschnitt jedes Segmentes 1 an beiden Enden mit je einer Nut 4 versehen, die zum Segmentende hin offen ist. Außerdem ist der Fußabschnitt des Segmentes 1 etwas kürzer als der Rückenabschnitt. Im Bereich des mit den Nuten 4 versehene Mittelabschnittes und des Fußabschnittes kann die in Umfangsrichtung des Kommutators 2 gemessene Dicke der Segmente 1 reduziert sein. Am Übergang von den beiden Seitenflächen des Rückenabschnittes zum Mittelabschnitt ist dann eine Stufe vorhanden.As shown in FIG. 2, the central section of each segment 1 is provided at both ends with a groove 4 which is open towards the end of the segment. In addition, the foot section of segment 1 is somewhat shorter than the back section. The thickness of the segments 1 measured in the circumferential direction of the commutator 2 can be reduced in the area of the middle section provided with the grooves 4 and the foot section. At the transition There is then a step from the two side surfaces of the back section to the middle section.

Mit den in den Fig. 2 und 3 angegebenen, strichpunktierten Linien 5 ist zum Ausdruck gebracht, daß die in radialer Richtung des Kommutators 2 gemessene Höhe der Segmente 1 und insbesondere die entsprechende Höhe des Rückenabschnittes größer gewählt ist als diese Höhe der Segmente 1 beim fertigen Kommutator.With the dash-dotted lines 5 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 it is expressed that the height of the segments 1 measured in the radial direction of the commutator 2 and in particular the corresponding height of the back section is chosen to be greater than this height of the segments 1 during manufacture Commutator.

Die für den Kommutator 2 erforderliche Anzahl von Segmenten 1 wird zu einem Segmentring 6 zuammengefügt, in dem die Segmente 1 spaltfrei aneinander anliegen. Dieser Segmentring 6 wird dann in einen ersten Abschnitt 7 eines hohlzylindrischen Stempels eingesetzt, dessen Innendurchmesser gleich dem von der Rückenfläche der Segmente 1 definierten Außendurchmesser des Segmentringes 6 ist. Für jede Rippe 3 ist in der Innenmantelfläche des ersten Abschnittes 7 des Stempels eine sich in axialer Richtung erstreckende, in ihrer Querschnittsform mit der Rippe 3 korrespondierende Führungsnut vorhanden. Daher ist die axiale Ausrichtung der Segmente 1 gewährleistet.The number of segments 1 required for the commutator 2 is combined to form a segment ring 6, in which the segments 1 abut one another without a gap. This segment ring 6 is then inserted into a first section 7 of a hollow cylindrical punch, the inside diameter of which is equal to the outside diameter of the segment ring 6 defined by the back surface of the segments 1. For each rib 3 there is a guide groove extending in the axial direction and corresponding in cross-sectional shape to the rib 3 in the inner lateral surface of the first section 7 of the stamp. The axial alignment of the segments 1 is therefore ensured.

An die eine Stirnfläche des ersten Abschnittes 7 des Stempels schließt sich die eine Stirnfläche eines ebenfalls hohlzylindrischen, zweiten Abschnittes 8 koaxial an. Die Verbindung der beiden Abschnitte 7 und 8 ist nicht dargestellt, da sie beliebig gewählt werden kann. Wie die Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen, ist der zweite Abschnitt 8 auf der an den ersten Abschnitt 7 anschließenden Seite mit einer zum ersten Abschnitt 7 hin und radial nach innen offenen Ringnut 9 versehen, deren in axialer Richtung des Stempels gemessene Breite gleich der in axialer Richtung des Kommutators 2 gemessenen Breite des an jedes Segment 1 anzuformenden, stabförmigen Anschlußelementes 10 gewählt ist, das der Verbindung des Segmentes 1 mit den Leitern der Rotorwicklung dient, welcher der Kommutator 2 zugeordnet ist. Die in radialer Richtung gemessene Tiefe der Ringnut 9 ist etwas größer gewählt als die in radialer Richtung gemessene Höhe des anzuformenden Anschlußelementes 10.The one end face of a likewise hollow cylindrical, second section 8 coaxially adjoins the one end face of the first section 7 of the stamp. The connection of the two sections 7 and 8 is not shown, since it can be chosen arbitrarily. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the second section 8 is provided on the side adjoining the first section 7 with an annular groove 9 open towards the first section 7 and radially inward, the width of which is measured in the axial direction of the stamp and is equal to that in FIG axial direction of the commutator 2 Measured width of the rod-shaped connecting element 10 to be molded onto each segment 1 is selected, which is used to connect the segment 1 to the conductors of the rotor winding to which the commutator 2 is assigned. The depth of the annular groove 9 measured in the radial direction is selected to be somewhat greater than the height of the connecting element 10 to be molded in the radial direction.

Da das zur Bildung des Anschlußelementes 10 benötigte Material vom Rückenabschnitt des Segmentes 1 unter Kaltverformung verdrängt wird, ist der Radius der Innenmantelfläche des zweiten Abschnittes 8 des Stempels um so viel gegenüber dem Radius der Innenmantelfläche des ersten Abschnittes 7 kleiner gewählt, daß die verdrängte Materialmenge gleich der für die Bildung des Anschlußelementes 10 erforderlichen Materialmenge ist.Since the material required to form the connecting element 10 is displaced from the back section of the segment 1 with cold deformation, the radius of the inner lateral surface of the second section 8 of the stamp is chosen so much smaller than the radius of the inner lateral surface of the first section 7 that the amount of material displaced is the same the amount of material required for the formation of the connecting element 10.

Wie die Mantelfläche des ersten Abschnittes 7 des Stempels, ist auch die Innenmantelfläche des zweiten Abschnittes 8 mit in axialer Richtung durchgehenden Führungsnuten versehen, von denen jede auf die Mitte der Rückenfläche eines der Segmente 1 ausgerichtet ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel haben diese Führungsnuten das gleiche Querschnittsprofil wie diejenigen des ersten Abschnittes 7. Es könnte aber auch ein anderes Querschnittsprofil gewählt werden, weil die in diese Führungsnut eingreifende Rippe der neu gebildeten Rückenfläche erst bei der Materialverdrängung gebildet wird.Like the lateral surface of the first section 7 of the stamp, the inner lateral surface of the second section 8 is also provided with guide grooves which are continuous in the axial direction, each of which is aligned with the center of the back surface of one of the segments 1. In the exemplary embodiment, these guide grooves have the same cross-sectional profile as those of the first section 7. However, a different cross-sectional profile could also be chosen because the rib of the newly formed back surface engaging in this guide groove is only formed when the material is displaced.

Dem aus den Abschnitten 7 und 8 bestehenden Stempel ist ein zylindrischer Dorn 11 zugeordnet, der einen Endabschnitt 11′ aufweist, dessen Außendurchmesser gleich dem Innendurchmesser des Segmentringes 6 ist und dessen axiale Länge etwa gleich der axialen Länge des Segmentringes 6 gewählt ist. Die Stirnfläche des Dornes 11, von welcher der Endabschnitt 11′ absteht, bildet, wie die Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen, eine Stufe, deren Höhe gleich der Stufe ist, die die Segmente 1 am Übergang von ihrem Fußabschnitt zum Rückenabschnitt aufweisen. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß sowohl der Rückenabschnitt als auch der Fußabschnitt der Segmente 1 an der Stirnfläche des Dornes 11 anliegen. Da im Ausführungsbeispiel die Segmente 1 an beiden Enden ihres Mittelabschnittes die Nuten 4 aufweisen, ist die Stirnfläche des Dornes 11 mit einer auf die Nuten 4 der Segmente 1 ausgerichteten Nut 11˝ versehen, in die ebenso wie in die Nuten 4 ein Hilfsring 12 eingreift. Dieser Hilfsring 12 sichert den Zusammenhalt des Segmentringes 6. Daher kann der Segmentring 6 zunächst auf den Endabschnitt 11′ des Dornes 11 aufgesetzt werden, ehe er in den ersten Abschnitt 7 des Stempels eingeführt wird.The punch consisting of sections 7 and 8 is assigned a cylindrical mandrel 11 which has an end section 11 ', the outer diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the segment ring 6 and the axial length of which is approximately is chosen equal to the axial length of the segment ring 6. The end face of the mandrel 11, from which the end portion 11 'protrudes, forms, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a step whose height is equal to the step that the segments 1 have at the transition from their foot portion to the back portion. This ensures that both the back section and the foot section of the segments 1 rest against the end face of the mandrel 11. Since in the exemplary embodiment the segments 1 have the grooves 4 at both ends of their central section, the end face of the mandrel 11 is provided with a groove 11 Nut aligned with the grooves 4 of the segments 1, into which an auxiliary ring 12 engages, as in the grooves 4. This auxiliary ring 12 ensures the cohesion of the segment ring 6. Therefore, the segment ring 6 can first be placed on the end section 11 'of the mandrel 11 before it is inserted into the first section 7 of the stamp.

Nach dem Einführen des Segmentringes 6 in den ersten Abschnitt 7 werden mit einer Presse der Stempel und der Dorn 11 relativ zueinander im Sinne einer Einführung des Segmentringes 6 in den zweiten Abschnitt 8 des Stempels zügig bewegt. Dabei wird vom Rücken aller Segmente 1 in axialer Richtung Material in die Ringnut 9 des Stempels hinein verdrängt, in der sich das stabförmige, radial vom Segment 1 abstehende Anschlußelement 10 bildet. Dabei erhält jedes Segment 1 eine neue Rückenfläche 13 mit einer neuen, von der Rückenfläche 13 radial abstehenden Rippe 14. Die Rippe 14, welche von der zugeordneten Führungsnut des zweiten Abschnittes 8 gebildet wird und daher in diese eingreift, stellt sicher, daß jedes Segment 1 auch im zweiten Abschnitt 8 des Stempels seine axiale Ausrichtung beibehält.After the segment ring 6 has been introduced into the first section 7, the stamp and the mandrel 11 are moved rapidly with respect to one another in the sense of an introduction of the segment ring 6 into the second section 8 of the stamp. In the process, material is displaced from the back of all segments 1 in the axial direction into the annular groove 9 of the stamp, in which the rod-shaped connecting element 10 which projects radially from segment 1 is formed. Each segment 1 is given a new back surface 13 with a new rib 14 projecting radially from the back surface 13. The rib 14, which is formed by the associated guide groove of the second section 8 and therefore engages in it, ensures that each segment 1 also maintains its axial alignment in the second section 8 of the stamp.

Mindestens eine der beiden Flanken der Ringnut 9, welche durch die einander zugekehrten Stirnflächen des ersten Abschnittes 7 und des zweiten Abschnittes 8 gebildet sind, weisen für jedes Segment 1 wenigstens eine radial verlaufende Führungsrippe und/oder Führungsnut auf, durch die das der Bildung des Anschlußelementes 10 dienende, in die Ringnut 9 eintretende Material eine radiale Führung erhält.At least one of the two flanks of the annular groove 9, which are formed by the mutually facing end faces of the first section 7 and the second section 8, have at least one radially extending guide rib and / or guide groove for each segment 1, through which the formation of the connecting element 10 serving, entering the annular groove 9 receives a radial guide.

Die Bildung der Anschlußelemente 10 ist beendet, wenn der Segmentring 6 bis auf den die Anschlußelemente 10 tragenden Endabschnitt in den den kleineren Innendurchmesser im Vergleich zum ersten Abschnitt 7 aufweisenden Teil des Abschnittes 8 eingepreßt worden ist. Der Segmentring 6 wird nun aus dem Stempel herausgenommen. Die Form und Größe der angeformten Anschlußelemente 10 lassen die Fig. 5 und 6 erkennen, welche den Segmentring 6 nach dem Herausnehmen aus dem Stempel in Stirnansicht bzw. ein Segment 1 in Seitenansicht zeigen. Dannach wird der Segmentring 6 auch vom Dorn 11 abgenommen.The formation of the connecting elements 10 is complete when the segment ring 6 has been pressed into the part of the section 8 which has the smaller inside diameter compared to the first section 7, except for the end section carrying the connecting elements 10. The segment ring 6 is now removed from the stamp. The shape and size of the integrally formed connecting elements 10 show FIGS. 5 and 6, which show the segment ring 6 after removal from the stamp in a front view or a segment 1 in a side view. Then the segment ring 6 is also removed from the mandrel 11.

Die Größe der Anschlußelemente 10 kann in weiten Grenzen an die Erfordernisse angepaßt werden.The size of the connection elements 10 can be adapted to the requirements within wide limits.

Damit die Segmente 1 gegeneinander isoliert werden können, wird anschließend der Segmentring 6 gleichmäßig aufgeweitet.So that the segments 1 can be insulated from one another, the segment ring 6 is subsequently widened uniformly.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel wird in den aufgeweiteten Segmentring 6 eine isolierende, buchsenförmige Nabe 15 eingesetzt. Anschließend werden vorgespannte Armierungsringe 16 in die beiden stirnseitigen, durch die Nut 4 der Segmente 1 gebildeten Ringnuten eingebracht. Die gesamte Spannkraft der Armierungsringe 16 wird deshalb in eine radial nach innen gerichtete Kraft umgesetzt, mit der die Segmente 1 gegen die Nabe 15 gepreßt werden, die dadurch in radialer Richtung vorgespannt wird. Selbstverständlich kann die Nabe 15 aus Metall bestehen und durch eine dünne Isolierschicht gegenüber den Segmenten 1 isoliert sein. Eine Nabe aus Stahl ist in hohem Maße formbeständig, was zusammen mit der radialen Vorspannung zu einer hohen dynamischen und thermischen Belastbarkeit des Kommutators 2 führt.In the exemplary embodiment, an insulating, bush-shaped hub 15 is inserted into the expanded segment ring 6. Prestressed reinforcement rings 16 are then introduced into the two end ring grooves formed by the groove 4 of the segments 1. The entire clamping force of the reinforcement rings 16 is therefore converted into a radially inward force, with which the segments 1 are pressed against the hub 15, which is thereby in the radial direction is biased. The hub 15 can of course consist of metal and be insulated from the segments 1 by a thin insulating layer. A steel hub is highly dimensionally stable, which, together with the radial preload, leads to a high dynamic and thermal load capacity of the commutator 2.

Danach wird Preßstoff, wie er üblicherweise für Preßstoffkommutatoren verwendet wird, in den Segmentring 6 eingepreßt. Der Preßstoff füllt alle vorhandenen Hohlräume aus. Er dringt also auch zwischen die Segmente 1 ein und deckt, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, die beiden Stirnflächen des Segmentringes 6 und der Nabe 15 ab.Then press material, as is usually used for press commutators, is pressed into the segment ring 6. The molding material fills all cavities. It also penetrates between the segments 1 and, as shown in FIG. 1, covers the two end faces of the segment ring 6 and the hub 15.

Selbtverständlich kann der Kommutator nach dem Anformen der Anschlußelemente 10 auch in anderer Weise fertiggestellt werden. Beispielsweise können zwischen diese Segmente 1 Isolierlamellen eingelegt werden.Of course, the commutator can also be finished in a different way after the connection elements 10 have been molded on. For example, 1 insulation lamella can be inserted between these segments.

Zum Schluß werden die Anschlußelemente 10 mit je einem Schlitz 17 zum Einlegen der Leiter der Rotorwicklung versehen und ebenso wie die neuen Rückenflächen 13 überdreht.Finally, the connection elements 10 are each provided with a slot 17 for inserting the conductors of the rotor winding and, like the new back surfaces 13, turned over.

Die vorstehende Beschreibung und die Zeichnung beschränken sich nur auf die Angabe von Merkmalen, die für die beispielsweise Verkörperung der Erfindung wesentlich sind. Soweit daher Merkmale in der Beschreibung und in der Zeichnung offenbart und in den Ansprüchen nicht genannt sind, dienen sie erforderlichenfalls auch zur Bestimmung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung.The above description and the drawing are restricted to the specification of features which are essential for the embodiment of the invention, for example. To the extent that features are disclosed in the description and in the drawing and are not mentioned in the claims, they also serve, if necessary, to determine the subject matter of the invention.

Claims (16)

  1. Process for the manufacture of a commutator of which the segments forming the brush contact surface are each provided at one end thereof with a radially projecting connection element made in one piece therewith and serving to coneect the leads of a rotor winding, characterized by the fact that, with the formation of a new rear surface (13) of the segment (1), offset in respect of the foot of the segment, the material present between the original and the new rear surface (13) is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the segment towards the zone in which the connection element (10) is to be formed and is accumulated in that position, thus forming the said connection element (10).
  2. Process in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the displacement of the material is effected by a cold working process.
  3. Process in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the whole of the material required for the formation of the connection element (10) is displaced in one single operation.
  4. Process in accordance with one of Claims 1-3, characterized by the fact prior to the displacement of the material each segment (1) is provided on its rear surface (1′) with a radially projecting rib (3) extending in the longitudinal direction of the segment.
  5. Process in accordance with Claim 4, characterized by the fact that the rib (3) is formed in a central zone situated between the lateral zones of the rear surface (1′).
  6. Process in accordance with any one of Claims 1-5, characterized by the fact that in the displacement of material the new rear surface (13) is provided with a radially projecting rib (14) extending in the longitudinal direction of the segment.
  7. Process in accordance with any one of Claims 1-6, characterized by the fact at least one rib and/or groove taking a radial direction is formed onto that front side of the connection element (10) which faces towards one end of the segment (1) or onto that front side thereof which faces towards the other end of the segment (1).
  8. Process in accordance with any one of Claims 1-7, characterized by the fact that the segments (1) are cut to the required lengths from a profile bar.
  9. Process in accordance with any one of Claims 1-8, characterized by that fact that prior to the displacement of material each segment (1) is provided with at least one groove (4).
  10. Process in accordance with any one of Claims 1-9, characterized by the fact that the segments (1) of the commutator (2) are joined together to form a cylindrical segment ring (6) and that the connection elements (10) of all the segments (1) are formed at the same time.
  11. Apparatus for the performance of the process described in Claim 10, characterized by
    (a) a mandrel (11,11′) serving to support one face of the cylindrical segment ring (6) composed of the segments, of which the diameter is adapted to that of the cylinder defined by the original rear surface (1′) of the segments (1).
    (b) a hollow cylindrical panel (7, 8) which is displaceable in the axial direction in relation to the mandrel (11,11′) and which, between a first section (7), of which the internal diameter is adapted to the diameter of the mandrel (11), and a second section (8), of which the internal diameter is adapted to that of the cylinder defined by the new rear surface (13), is provided with an annular groove (9) which is open towards the inside and of which the width, as measured in the axial direction, is equal to the dimension of the connection elements (10) to be formed, as measured in this direction, and of which the depth, as measured in the radial direction, is made at least equal to the height of the connection elements to be formed.
  12. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 11, characterized by the fact that the internal surface both of the first section (7) and of the second section (8) of the punch is provided with guide grooves taking their course in the axial direction and sevving for the ribs 3,14) of the segments (1).
  13. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 11 or 12, characterized by the fact that the flanks of the annular groove (9) for each segment (1) is* provided with at least one guide rib and/or guide groove taking the radial direction and serving for the material forming the connection element (10).
  14. Apparatus in accordance with any one of Claims 1-13, characterized by the fact that the second section (8) of the punch is formed by a separate body resting against the first section (7) and that its end face towards the first section (7) contains the annular groove (9).
  15. Apparatus in accordance with any one of Claims 11-14, characterized by the fact that the mandrel (11) has an axial prolongation (11′) in the form of a journal of which the external diameter is adapted to the internal diameter of the segment ring (6) formed by the segment (1) and which passes through the latter in the axial direction.
  16. Apparatus in accordance with any one of Claims 11-15, characterized by the fact that for segments (1) with a groove (4) at least one of the two end faces is provided with an auxiliary ring (12) which engages the annular groove formed by the said groove (4) and which also engages an annular groove of the mandrel (11).
EP92108343A 1991-07-23 1992-05-18 Method for the manufacture of a commutator and apparatus for implementing the method Expired - Lifetime EP0524393B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4124386A DE4124386C1 (en) 1991-07-23 1991-07-23
DE4124386 1991-07-23

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EP0524393A2 EP0524393A2 (en) 1993-01-27
EP0524393A3 EP0524393A3 (en) 1993-07-07
EP0524393B1 true EP0524393B1 (en) 1995-11-15

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EP92108343A Expired - Lifetime EP0524393B1 (en) 1991-07-23 1992-05-18 Method for the manufacture of a commutator and apparatus for implementing the method

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DE (2) DE4124386C1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB772460A (en) * 1954-08-20 1957-04-10 Hoover Ltd Improvements relating to commutators
FR2020461A5 (en) * 1969-01-27 1970-07-10 Dahl Paul Ste Cale Fabri Mfe of collector casings for electric motors
DE2028857C3 (en) * 1969-06-13 1975-05-28 Hitachi Ltd., Tokio
DE3243191A1 (en) * 1982-11-23 1984-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COMMUTATOR RING FOR A COMMUTATOR
DE3530096A1 (en) * 1985-08-23 1987-02-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for producing partial fin-like slots of a commutator segmented ring

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DE4124386C1 (en) 1992-10-22
DE59204318D1 (en) 1995-12-21
EP0524393A3 (en) 1993-07-07
EP0524393A2 (en) 1993-01-27

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