EP0524376A1 - Appareil pour dissoudre du gaz dans du liquide - Google Patents

Appareil pour dissoudre du gaz dans du liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0524376A1
EP0524376A1 EP92106451A EP92106451A EP0524376A1 EP 0524376 A1 EP0524376 A1 EP 0524376A1 EP 92106451 A EP92106451 A EP 92106451A EP 92106451 A EP92106451 A EP 92106451A EP 0524376 A1 EP0524376 A1 EP 0524376A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet
inlet
bubbles
liquid
flow chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92106451A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gene E. Mazewski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp
Original Assignee
Envirex Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Envirex Inc filed Critical Envirex Inc
Publication of EP0524376A1 publication Critical patent/EP0524376A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2321—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by moving liquid and gas in counter current

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the dissolution of gas in a liquid, and more particularly to an apparatus for dissolving gas in a liquid downflow.
  • a downflow bubble contact aeration apparatus includes a bubble disperser mounted within a downwardly diverging funnel. Bubbles emitted by the disperser are restricted to downward movement in the direction of water flow for cocurrent contact with the water.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for dissolving gas in a liquid, the apparatus utilizing countercurrent contact of gas bubbles with the liquid for efficient gas dissolution, and introduction of the bubbles into the apparatus in the area adjacent the outlet so that liquid leaving the apparatus is contacted with high quality gas.
  • An object of the present invention is the provision of a gas dissolution apparatus which functions to efficiently and economically dissolve gas in a liquid, and which is easy to operate and maintain.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved gas dissolution apparatus which introduces gas bubbles into a downflow of liquid for countercurrent contact of bubbles with the liquid.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved gas dissolution apparatus which includes a flow confinement member having an inlet and an outlet, and means for introducing bubbles into the liquid flowing between the inlet and the outlet in the area adjacent the outlet so that the liquid leaving the flow confinement member is contacted by the bubbles shortly after they are introduced.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a gas dissolution apparatus which includes a flow confinement member comprising an outer vessel having an inlet and an outlet, and a funnel member including a downwardly diverging portion extending into the outer vessel and communicating with the inlet for delivering a flow of liquid into the outer vessel.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a liquid treatment system which incorporates the aforementioned gas dissolution apparatus, and which functions to remove contaminents from the liquid.
  • the liquid treatment system can be used to purify groundwater by removing fuel constitutents therefrom.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus comprises a flow confinement member which includes an outer vessel defining a flow chamber for conducting liquid between an inlet and an outlet, and a funnel member extending downwardly into the flow chamber from the inlet for conducting a downflow of liquid into the flow chamber.
  • the funnel member includes a downwardly diverging portion which has a lower outlet end, and which defines a contact chamber.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus also comprises means for introducing bubbles of gas into the liquid downflow.
  • the introducing means includes a bubble dispersing device positioned adjacent the lower or outlet end of the funnel member so that gas bubbles emitted by the bubble dispersing device travel upwardly into the contact chamber for countercurrent contact with the liquid.
  • the bubble dispersing device is preferably positioned within the flow chamber in the area adjacent the outlet of the outer vessel so that liquid leaving the gas dissolution apparatus is contacted with gas bubbles shortly after their emission from the bubble dispersing device. This arrangement is intended to achieve greater dissolution of gas in the liquid.
  • the flow confinement member can include only the outer vessel or the funnel member, with the bubble dispersing device being positioned to accomplish countercurrent contact of the bubbles with the liquid.
  • the bubble dispersing device is preferably positioned in proximity to the outlet.
  • Figure 1 is a side view, partially in section, of a gas dissolution apparatus embodying the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view taken along line 2-2 in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 2.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid treatment system which utilizes the gas dissolution apparatus shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a side view, partially in section, of an alternative embodiment of the gas dissolution apparatus shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a side view, partially in section, of a second alternative embodiment of the gas dissolution apparatus shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 7 is a side view, partially in section, of a third alternative embodiment of the gas dissolution apparatus shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 8 is a side view, partially in section, of the reactor shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a gas dissolution apparatus 10 which functions to dissolve gas in a liquid, and which embodies various features of the invention. While the gas dissolution apparatus 10 can be used to dissolve a variety of different gases in different liquids, in the illustrated arrangement the apparatus 10 dissolve oxygen in water.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus 10 includes a flow confinement member 12 comprising an annular outer tank or vessel 14 which is preferably a pressure vessel rated to withstand pressure of at least 30 psi.
  • the outer vessel 14 is supported on legs 16 and includes an upper end 18 having an inlet 20, and a lower end 22 having an outlet 24 which is defined by an outlet conduit or pipe 26.
  • a cylindrical flow chamber 30 is defined by the outer vessel 14 and conducts water between the inlet 20 and the outlet 24.
  • the outer vessel 14 also includes one or more gas feed pipes 32 (two are shown) which protrude through the lower end 22.
  • Each feed pipe 32 has an outside end which is connectable to a pressurized gas source 34 (see Fig. 4).
  • the source 34 supplies air, oxygen enriched air, or commercial oxygen to the gas dissolution apparatus 10.
  • the outer vessel 14 is also provided with a manway pipe 36 which projects outwardly from the lower end 22 of the outer vessel 14, and which provides access to the flow chamber 30 to clean or maintain the gas dissolution apparatus 10.
  • a removeable cover 37 is secured to the manway pipe 36 via fasteners or other means.
  • the flow confinement member 12 also comprises a funnel member 38 which extends downwardly into the flow chamber 30 from the upper end 18 of the outer vessel 14.
  • the funnel member 38 includes a tubular inlet portion 40 which extends through the upper end 18, and which defines the inlet 20.
  • the inlet portion 40 cooperates with the outer vessel 14 to define a collection well 42 in the uppermost part of the flow chamber 30.
  • the collection well 42 has a small volume so that only small quantities of gas can collect therein. If the gas collecting in the collection well 42 includes volatile fumes, the amount of these fumes which collect is limited by the size of the collection well 42, so that the risk and severity of fire or explosion is reduced.
  • the funnel member 38 also includes a frusto-conical, downwardly diverging portion 44 which extends into the flow chamber 30 from the inlet portion 40, and which has an increasing flow area in the downward direction.
  • the diverging portion 44 has a lower outlet end 46 which opens in the flow chamber area adjacent the lower end 22, and which is spaced above the outlet 24.
  • the diverging portion 44 defines a bubble contact chamber 50 within the flow chamber 30. A downflow of liquid conducted through the funnel member 38 experiences a decrease in velocity from a maximum at the inlet portion 40, to a minimum at the outlet end 46 of the diverging portion 44.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus 10 also includes means for introducing bubbles of gas into the flow chamber 30 for countercurrent movement of the bubbles toward the inlet 20. While various introducing means can be employed, in the illustrated construction the introducing means includes a pair of bubble dispersing units or devices 52 and 54 (see Fig. 2) positioned within the flow chamber 30 proximate the lower end 22 and adjacent the outlet 24. Although the gas dissolution apparatus 10 will function satisfactorily with only a single bubble dispersing device, it is preferred that two or more dispersing devices be used so that shut-off or malfunction of one of the dispersing devices does not prevent operation of the gas dissolution apparatus 10.
  • each of the bubble dispersing devices 52 and 54 includes an intermediate gas feed conduit or pipe 56 which is supported on a bracket 58 extending between the inner walls of the outer vessel 14, and which is fitted at one end to the inside end of one of the gas feed pipes 32.
  • Each of the dispersing devices 52 and 54 also includes a bubble diffuser 60 supported on the other end of the feed pipe 56. While gas supplied to the bubble diffusers 60 from the source 34 can be emitted in the form of fine bubbles or course bubbles, it is preferred that fine bubble diffusers be used since fine bubbles expose a larger surface area per bubble volume to contact with the liquid than do larger bubbles. It is preferred that bubbles emitted generally range from 1mm - 3mm in diameter.
  • bubble diffusers could have other constructions, in the illustrated arrangement they are each comprised of fine bubble membrane diffusers of the type used in waste water treatment tanks. Such diffusers are commercially available and are manufactured by Envirex Inc., Waukesha, Wisconsin.
  • each fine bubble diffuser 60 includes a disc-like body member 64 having a generally circular membrane supporting or backing surface 66 which has one or more centrally located openings 68.
  • the body member 64 also includes a central gas inlet member 70 defining a passage 72 which communicates between the openings 68 and one of the feed pipes 56.
  • the bubble diffusers 60 can be mounted on the feed pipes 56 via a threaded connection between respective inlet members 70 and feed pipes 56.
  • the fine bubble diffusers 60 each also include a membrane 74 which is perforated with a large number of relatively small holes or pores.
  • the membrane 74 is attached at its periphery in sealing relationship to the rim of the backing surface 66.
  • the center of the membrane 74 is held to the center of the backing surface 66 by a fastener 76 such as a bolt and nut.
  • the fine bubble diffusers 60 are located proximate the lower end 22 and above the outlet 24, and preferably directly below the outlet end 46 of the funnel member 38 for reasons set forth more fully below.
  • the gas bubbles emitted by the fine bubble diffusers 60 have a buoyant velocity greater than the downflow velocity of the water at the outlet end 46, so that the bubbles flow upwardly in the countercurrent direction into the bubble contact chamber 50.
  • the air bubbles have a buoyant velocity less than the downflow velocity of the water in the inlet portion 40.
  • Water turbulance in the funnel member 38 generally prevents air bubbles from coalescing to form larger bubbles which may have sufficient buoyant velocity to travel upwardly into the inlet portion 40.
  • This equilibrium area is generally designated by upper and lower bounds shown by dashed lines 78 and 79 in Figure 1.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus 10 includes means for recirculating the air bubbles contained within the contact chamber 50. While various recirculating means can be employed, in the illustrated arrangement the recirculating means includes upper and lower recirculating conduits 80 and 82 communicating between the bubble contact chamber 50 and the inlet 20. While a single recirculating conduit can be used, a pair of conduits 80 and 82 is preferred. The upper and lower recirculating conduits 80 and 82 respectively communicate with the bubble contact chamber 50 at the upper and lower bounds 78 and 79 of the area in which bubbles tend to accumulate in the contact chamber 50. The motive force behind the bubble recirculation is the pressure differential existing between the contact chamber 50 and the inlet 20.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus 10 includes means for removing contaminents such as these and other waste gases. While various removing means can be employed, in the illustrated construction the removing means includes a gas vent conduit 84 communicating with the collection well 42 for removing waste gases therefrom. The removal means also includes a liquid removal conduit 86 projecting through the upper end 18 of the outer vessel 14. In the event liquid waste other than water collects in the upper end of the flow chamber 30, these waste products can be removed through the liquid removal conduit 86.
  • the water entering the gas dissolution apparatus 10 can include contaminants such as iron and lead. These impurities combine with the oxygen in the gas bubbles to form precipitates such as oxides of iron and lead. Accordingly, the gas dissolution apparatus 10 includes means for blow-down removal to remove these solids.
  • the blow-down removal means includes a blow-down removal conduit 88 which is fitted with a valve 90 for controlling blow-down withdrawal.
  • a liquid treatment system 92 which incorporates the gas dissolution apparatus 10, and which functions to remove contaminents or impurities from the liquid. While the liquid treatment system 92 can be used for treating a variety of different liquids, in the illustrated arrangement, the system is designed to remove organics such as gasoline constitutents including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEXs) from groundwater polluted by sources such as leaky underground fuel storage tanks (not shown).
  • gasoline constitutents including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEXs) from groundwater polluted by sources such as leaky underground fuel storage tanks (not shown).
  • the system 92 includes a reactor 94 which is preferably a fluid bed reactor of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,009,098 and 4,009,105, each issued on February 22, 1977 to Jeris, and each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the reactor 94 is in the form of an upright cylindrical column and includes a water intake manifold 96 at its base.
  • the reactor 94 also preferably includes a biologically active fluid bed having a bed material 98 which comprises granular activated carbon, although other bed materials can also be used.
  • the bed material 98 acts as a substrate for microorganisms which consume the BTEXs and oxygen dissolved in the water.
  • the system 92 also includes a water intake pipe 100, and a reactor feed pipe 102 communicating between the outlet pipe 26 of the gas dissolution apparatus 10 and the manifold 96 of the reactor 94.
  • contaminated groundwater is fed to the gas dissolution apparatus 10 through water intake pipe 100 with the assistance of a pump 104.
  • the gas dissolution apparatus 10 functions to preoxygenate the water by dissolving oxygen from the source 34 into the groundwater, as previously described.
  • the oxygen enriched groundwater exiting the gas dissolution apparatus 10 is conducted through the reactor feed pipe 102 with the aid of a pump 106, for introduction into the reactor 94 via the manifold 96.
  • the oxygenated groundwater then flows upwardly through the fluid bed so that the bed material 98 is bouyed between upper and lower interfaces, indicated by dashed lines 108 and 110 in Figure 8.
  • the BTEXs and the dissolved oxygen in the upflow are consumed by the microorganisms carried by the bed material 98.
  • BTEXs not immediately consumed by the biological material are adsorbed on the bed material 98 until they can be consumed.
  • Purified groundwater leaves the system 92 through a reactor outlet pipe 112. If amounts of BTEXs remain in the groundwater when it reaches the top of the reactor 94, this partially impure water can be recirculated through the system 92 via a groundwater recirculation pipe 114 which feeds the partially impure groundwater back into the intake pipe 100.
  • the means for recirculating does not include recirculation conduits 80 and 82, but instead includes a recirculation conduit 116 communicating between the collection well 42 and the inlet 20, and radially located openings 118 in the downwardly diverging portion 44 of the funnel member 38. Gas bubbles traveling upwardly within the funnel member 38 exit through the openings 118 and continue upwardly into the collection well 42. The air in the collection well is then reintroduced into the water by the recirculation conduit 108.
  • FIG. 6 A second alternative embodiment of the gas dissolution apparatus 10 is illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the flow confinement member 12 does not include the outer vessel 14.
  • the funnel member 38 defines the entire flow chamber 30 and conducts the downflow of water with a decreasing velocity from a maximum in the area adjacent the upper end of the diverging portion 44, to a minimum at the lower end thereof.
  • the downwardly diverging portion 44 is closed at its lower end and the outlet pipe 26 extends therefrom.
  • FIG. 7 A third alternative embodiment of the gas dissolution apparatus 10 is illustrated in Figure 7.
  • the flow confinement member 12 comprises only the outer vessel 14, and not the funnel member 38.
  • a flow distributor 120 spans the upper end of the flow chamber 30 to uniformly distribute the incoming water throughout the horizontal cross section of the flow chamber, and to insure that the liquid downflow velocity is not so great as to prevent countercurrent movement of the bubbles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
EP92106451A 1991-07-10 1992-04-14 Appareil pour dissoudre du gaz dans du liquide Withdrawn EP0524376A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72799791A 1991-07-10 1991-07-10
US727997 1991-07-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0524376A1 true EP0524376A1 (fr) 1993-01-27

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EP92106451A Withdrawn EP0524376A1 (fr) 1991-07-10 1992-04-14 Appareil pour dissoudre du gaz dans du liquide

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0524376A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06142681A (fr)
CN (1) CN1068276A (fr)
AU (1) AU8709491A (fr)
CA (1) CA2056760A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9102495A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997013726A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Hoechst Research & Technology Traitement biologique des eaux usees contenant des concentrations elevees en boues
CN103983575A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-13 南京麒麟科学仪器集团有限公司 碳硫分析仪气体吸收装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2896333B2 (ja) * 1995-12-19 1999-05-31 光正 村上 微細気泡形成装置
CN100453480C (zh) * 2005-11-21 2009-01-21 桂林电子工业学院 内曝气式曝气方法与装置
JP4724552B2 (ja) * 2005-12-19 2011-07-13 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション 排水処理装置
US9498756B2 (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-11-22 Thomas E. Frankel Assembly for wastewater treatment
CN107823977A (zh) * 2017-08-29 2018-03-23 广东粤电靖海发电有限公司 用于发电厂制水系统除盐水箱的气泡分散式空气滤清装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1020001B (de) * 1955-03-09 1957-11-28 Benckiser Gmbh Joh A Vorrichtung zum Saettigen und Belueften von Fluessigkeiten mit Luft oder anderen Gasen
US3804255A (en) * 1972-10-18 1974-04-16 R Speece Recycling gas contact apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1020001B (de) * 1955-03-09 1957-11-28 Benckiser Gmbh Joh A Vorrichtung zum Saettigen und Belueften von Fluessigkeiten mit Luft oder anderen Gasen
US3804255A (en) * 1972-10-18 1974-04-16 R Speece Recycling gas contact apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997013726A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Hoechst Research & Technology Traitement biologique des eaux usees contenant des concentrations elevees en boues
US6048460A (en) * 1995-10-11 2000-04-11 Hoechst Research & Technology Deutschand Gmbh & Co. Kg Biological method of treating sewage containing high concentrations of sludge
CN103983575A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-13 南京麒麟科学仪器集团有限公司 碳硫分析仪气体吸收装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1068276A (zh) 1993-01-27
MX9102495A (es) 1993-01-01
AU8709491A (en) 1993-01-14
CA2056760A1 (fr) 1993-01-11
JPH06142681A (ja) 1994-05-24

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