EP0514559B1 - Transfer of building load via a steelmember, to the ground, by use of a special ramhead - Google Patents

Abstract

An area (a) about two metres deep is excavated in the direction of inclination of the tower (Fig. 1); several trenches about 1.2 metres wide and two to three metres deep (depending on the nature of the soil) are now excavated (b) (Fig. 1); a crushed-stone course is placed on the bottom of the trenches; the crushed-stone course is driven into the subsoil by the pile hammer until the compaction is so dense that the crushed stone begins to break down into dust. The load-bearing capacity of bed rock is thus virtually reached. A course of ready-mixed concrete is now applied; a crushed-stone course is in turn placed on the latter and is again driven into the concrete course with the pile hammer. A concrete course is again applied to this, and a crushed-stone course is again applied to the concrete course, which crushed-stone course is again compacted with the pile hammer. This is repeated until the trench forms a plane with the land remaining. Steel members in any number and thickness are now placed on this concrete body (b) and are concreted (c) with one end into the foundation of the tower. <IMAGE>

Description

In the direction of inclination of a tower, an area (a) is excavated approximately two meters deep;
now several trenches, approximately 1.20 meters wide and two to three meters deep (depending on the nature of the soil) are dug (b); (Fig. 1) on the bottom of a gravel layer is introduced.

The same is rammed into the ground with the fall bear until the compaction is so strong that the ballast begins to grind to dust. This means that the load capacity of grown rock is almost reached.

Now a precast concrete layer is applied; on top of this comes a layer of gravel, which is then rammed into the concrete layer with the fall bear.

A layer of concrete is then placed on top of this and then a layer of gravel, which is compacted again with the fall bear.

This is repeated until the trench forms a level with the land that has remained.

Steel beams of any number and strength are now placed on this concrete body (b) and one end is concreted into the foundation of the tower (c).

To obtain a load-bearing unit, the steel girders are integrated into a reinforced base plate that extends to the top of the terrain.

Since the leaning tower of Pisa is always leaning, so it threatens to topple over, I decided with the help of my invention "Fallbär" patent certificate No. 1 634 348 from 08.12.1967 of the German Patent Office and a foundation system developed by me, the tower in front of the To preserve decay! This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the claim, wherein FR-A-2079 884, which is the closest prior art, describes a construction method according to the preamble of the claim.

Figure 1 shows the construction measure according to the invention.

The following operations are necessary for this, which are registered as patent claims.

In the direction of inclination of the tower, an area (a) is excavated approximately two meters deep;
now several trenches, approximately 1.20 meters wide and two to three meters deep (depending on the nature of the soil) are dug (b);
a layer of gravel is placed on the bottom of the gravel.

The same is rammed into the ground with the fall bear until the compaction is so strong that the ballast begins to grind to dust. This almost reaches the load-bearing capacity of washed rock.

Now a ready-mixed concrete layer is applied to this, in turn there is a layer of gravel, which is rammed into the concrete layer again with the fall bear.

A layer of concrete is then placed on top of this and then a layer of gravel, which is compacted again with the fall bear.

With this system, it is possible, without endangering the tower, to create an unimaginably stressed ballast scaffold that connects to the prefabricated concrete.

Steel beams of any number and strength are now placed on this concrete body (b) and one end is concreted into the foundation of the tower (c). So that the building material of the tower is not damaged, steel plates are inserted above and below the steel beams. A flat steel wedge is placed between the top plate and the beam. After the concrete has set, the necessary tension can then be generated.

Now a strong, reinforced concrete slab is poured over the whole, which ties in the steel girders and forms a load-bearing unit together with the concrete girders (b).

The strong horizontal compression creates an unimaginable thrust in the direction of the tower, which prevents the tower from moving in the direction of the fall. The steel beams fully absorb the load from above. The load is distributed over a large area. The concrete beams, which are under great tension, ensure that the steel beams have a load capacity that goes far beyond the requirements. The concrete slab, connected to the concrete girders, surrounds the tower and does not allow it to drift sideways.

In order to further increase the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete slab, the fields between the concrete beams are compacted by driving in ballast so that the very high load-bearing capacity of the construction is increased even further. To transfer the load-bearing capacity of the slab directly to the tower, slots are made in the foundation at the level of the slab, into which concrete and iron penetrate when the slab is cast. This relieves the steel beams considerably and creates an even stronger connection between the tower and the reinforced concrete slab.

This foundation system is, of course, also suitable for buildings that sit evenly (Cologne Cathedral).

Likewise, the system can also be used for non-load-bearing building ground, since every building ground, even the worst, can be compacted into a load-bearing element.

Claims (10)

1. An area of approx. 2.00 m is excavated in line with the inclination of the structures; the amount of soil to be excavated depends on the load cut.
2. Several ditches of approx. 1.20 m width and 2.00 to 3.00 m depth, depending on the nature of the soil, are excavated in the cutting area.
3. A crushed-stone course is placed onto the bottom of these ditches.
4. These crushed-stone courses are compacted with a tamper and rammed into the subsoil until the stability of the layer is comparable to that of natural rock.
5. The next step to perform is to introduce a local concrete layer.
6. Steps 3,4 and 5 are continued until the layer of the courses is level with the upper border of the ditch.
7. Steel girders are placed onto these ditches; their number and size being chosen upon requirements. They must be end-anchored in the foundation of the leaning structure to be held.
8. To obtain the highest possible load distribution, steel plates are encased in the foundation concrete.
9. Before the concrete between the steel girder and the steel plate starts setting, a steel bar wedge is driven into the concrete to make sure that the required tension is reached.
10. The final step is to embed the steel girder in an armoured bottom plate. The plate's upper end has to be level with the surrounding area such as to be able to support the load.

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