EP0514136A1 - Transformateur amélioré - Google Patents

Transformateur amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0514136A1
EP0514136A1 EP92304268A EP92304268A EP0514136A1 EP 0514136 A1 EP0514136 A1 EP 0514136A1 EP 92304268 A EP92304268 A EP 92304268A EP 92304268 A EP92304268 A EP 92304268A EP 0514136 A1 EP0514136 A1 EP 0514136A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
primary
conductive plates
threaded
conductors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92304268A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James Carlton Gordon
Herman Paul Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0514136A1 publication Critical patent/EP0514136A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2866—Combination of wires and sheets

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the art of high current transformers. More specifically, the invention is a planar transformer having a forked secondary which allows increased power density.
  • Switching power supplies for large data processing systems are required to supply large loads, often in the multiple kilowatt range. This is commonly low voltage (e.g., 5V) at high current values (e.g., 600A).
  • 5V low voltage
  • 600A high current values
  • Skin and proximity effects are both eddy current effects which cause the current flowing in a conductor to use only a small portion of the available conductor cross-section. This causes increased AC resistances and, accordingly, greater power losses with associated high temperature rises in the transformer.
  • An ideal solution for increasing power densities would be to reduce skin and proximity effects so that available conduction area could be utilised more efficiently. This would allow increased power densities and/or reduced size magnetic devices.
  • the present invention is a planar transformer which reduces skin effects and proximity effects and thereby achieves reduced conduction power losses. This is accomplish by using a novel secondary shaped in a fork configuration.
  • the invention provides a transformer comprising a core forming a closed magnetic circuit; a secondary comprising a plurality of conductive plates threaded through the magnetic circuit and defining a respective plurality of electrical paths; and a primary comprising one or more conductors threaded through the magnetic circuit, each of the conductors being disposed between adjacent ones of the conductive plates.
  • the core is preferably an 'E' core including two windows forming closed magnetic circuits and the conductive plates and conductors are threaded through the windows.
  • the conductive plates are preferably substantially annular in shape.
  • the secondary preferably further comprises a plurality of conductors arranged to connect the plurality of electrical paths in parallel or in series.
  • the primary preferably is a coil of thin flat ribbon shaped wire wound edgewise.
  • An embodiment of the invention has a secondary consisting of two conductive plates threaded through the magnetic circuit and a primary consisting of a single conductor threaded through the magnetic circuit
  • a further embodiment of the invention has a secondary consisting of three conductive plates threaded through the magnetic circuit and a primary consisting of two conductors threaded through the magnetic circuit.
  • proximity and skin effects are both eddy current effects which cause the current flowing in a conductor to use only a small portion of the available conductor cross-section.
  • a brief explanation of skin effects and proximity effects is presented below.
  • Skin effects are caused by current crowding in a conductor due to its own magnetic field.
  • the current density is caused to be greatest near the surface of the conductor and to decrease exponentially towards the centre of the conductor. Skin effects can be calculated as follows.
  • ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ _f_ ⁇ _ ⁇ ) 1/2
  • Proximity effects are caused by exposure of the current carrying conductor to an external magnetic field.
  • the external magnetic field causes the current density in a conductor to be. much higher in some areas than in others, much like a conductor's own magnetic field does to cause skin effects.
  • proximity effects exacerbate the existing problem caused by skin effects.
  • proximity effects are a function of many different variables including the number of turns per winding, winding technique, and overall transformer geometry. As a result, proximity effects are not susceptible to precise mathematical characterisation. Proximity effects are, however, well known in the art, and data is available by which the combination of skin and proximity effects on the AC resistances of a conductor can he predicted.
  • Transformer 100 includes core 102 and winding piece 104.
  • Core 102 is an "E" core comprising an "E” piece 106 and a cap piece 108.
  • core 102 forms windows 128 and 130.
  • "E" piece 106 has a centre post 110 which divides windows 128 and 130.
  • the core can alternatively be a 'U' core comprising a 'U' piece and a cap piece.
  • Winding piece 104 includes a secondary plate 112, an insulating plate 114, and a primary coil 116.
  • Primary coil 116 is wound from "ribbon" or “tape” conductors which are relatively wide, thin, flat, conductors wound edgewise. This primary coil configuration is known in the art to decrease leakage inductance and eddy current losses.
  • Primary coil 116 has a first end 118 and a second end 120 adapted for making electrical connection thereto.
  • Insulating plate 114 maintains electrical isolation and permits thermal conduction between primary coil 116 and secondary plate 112.
  • a pair of terminals 122 and 124 allow electrical connections to be made to secondary plate 112.
  • Secondary plate 112, insulating plate 114 and primary coil 116 have central openings 136, 138 and 140, respectively, passing therethrough.
  • Central openings 136, 138 and 140 are aligned concentrically about a central axis 126 to form a central window through winding piece 104.
  • This central window is adapted to accept centre post 110 of core 102.
  • both primary winding 116 and secondary plate 112 pass through core windows 128 and 130. In this manner, core 102 provides magnetic coupling between primary winding 116 and secondary plate 112.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a cross section of primary coil 116 and secondary plate 112 of known transformer 100.
  • Elements 202 illustrate the individual cross sections of the conductor ribbon which form primary coil 116.
  • Cross-hatched areas 204, and cross-hatched areas 206 on secondary plate 112 depict the portions of the conductors (to one skin depth) which would be carrying substantially all (63%) of the primary current.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a first embodiment.
  • a planar transformer 300 includes an "E" core 102 as described above, and a winding piece 304. Winding piece 304 is coupled to core 102 as described above.
  • Winding piece 304 comprises secondary 312, primary coil 314, and insulator plates 316 and 318.
  • Secondary 312 includes a first secondary plate 320 and a second secondary plate 322. Plates 320 and 322 are arranged in a forked configuration with a first transverse portion 324 and a second transverse portion 326 making the connection therebetween. Transverse portions 324 and 326 are shown broken to correspond to the exploded view of the drawing. Terminals 328 and 330, formed in transverse portions 324 and 326 respectively, allow electrical connection to secondary 312.
  • the electrical connection of the secondaries may be series connection or parallel connection.
  • the embodiment of FIGURE 3 shows the connections arranged to connect the secondaries in parallel.
  • Primary coil 314 is disposed between plates 320 and 322 of secondary 312. Primary coil 314 is wound from "ribbon" or “tape” conductors. Insulating plates 316 and 318 are disposed at the primary/secondary interfaces formed between secondary plates 320 and 322 and primary winding 314. Insulating plates 316 and 318 are made from an electrically insulating, thermally conductive material. All elements of winding piece 304 are aligned concentrically about a central axis 332 to form a central window through winding piece 304.
  • FIGURE 4 A sectional side view of winding piece 304 is shown in FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a top view of the same. Only the secondary plate 312 and terminals 328 and 330 are visible in this view.
  • FIGURE 6 shows secondary 312 with primary coil 314 disposed between secondary plates 320 and 322.
  • Elements 602 illustrate the individual cross sections of the conductor ribbon which forms primary coil 314. If primary 314 and secondary 312 were carrying current at 100 kHz as discussed above, then cross-hatched areas 604, and cross-hatched areas 606 of secondary 312, depict the portions of the conductors (to one skin depth) which would be carrying substantially all (63%) of the primary current. As can be seen, if compared with FIGURE 2, elements 602 are now conducting the current over twice the cross-sectional area of elements 202. Thus, this novel configuration doubles the cross-sectional area through which the AC current flows.
  • a conductor ribbon e.g., conducting current at 100 kHz
  • a conductor ribbon having dimensions as set forth above would conduct 63% of the total current over a cross-sectional area of 1.93 x 10 ⁇ 7 m2 (2.88 x 10 ⁇ 4 inches2) out of a possible 4.38 x 10 ⁇ 6 m2 (6.75 x 10 ⁇ 3 inches2). 63% of the total current would now be concentrated in 4% of the available conductor, resulting in a 100% increase in conduction area.
  • Winding piece 702 includes a secondary 704, primary coils 706 and 708, and insulating plates 710, 712, 714, and 716.
  • Secondary 704 includes a first secondary plate 718, a second secondary plate 720 and a third secondary plate 722. Plates 718, 720, and 722 are arranged in a forked configuration with transverse portions 723 and 724 making the connection therebetween. Terminals 728 and 730 extend outward from transverse portions 723 and 724, respectively, to permit electrical connection to secondary 704. Transverse portions 723 and 724 are shown broken to correspond to the exploded view shown in the drawing.
  • a first primary coil 706 is disposed between plates 718 and 720 of secondary 704.
  • a second primary coil 708 is disposed between plates 720 and 722 of secondary 704.
  • Primary coils 706 and 708 are wound from "ribbon" or “tape” conductors as described above.
  • Insulating plates 710, 712, 714 and 716 are disposed at the primary/secondary interfaces formed between secondary plates 718, 720 and 722 and primary windings 706 and 708.
  • Insulating plates 710, 712, 714, and 716 are made from an electrically insulating, thermally conductive material.
  • winding piece 702 All elements of winding piece 702 are aligned concentrically about a central axis 726 to form a central window through winding piece 702. This central window is adapted to accept a core piece as described above.
  • FIGURE 8 A sectional side view of novel secondary 704 of winding piece 702 is shown in FIGURE 8. A top view of secondary 704 would be similar to that shown in FIGURE 5 for secondary 312.
  • FIGURE 9 shows secondary 704 with primary coils 706 and 708 disposed between secondary plates (718 and 720) and (720 and 722) respectively.
  • Elements 902 illustrate the individual cross sections of the conductor ribbon which forms primary coils 706 and 708.
  • Cross-hatched areas 904 for primary coils 706 and 708 and cross-hatched areas 906 for secondary 704 depict the portions of the conductors (to one skin depth) which would be carrying substantially all (63%) of a 100 kHz primary current.
  • elements 902 are conducting the current over twice the cross-sectional area of elements 202.
  • the current is split between two primary coils (706 and 708) to further reduce the primary losses.
  • the resulting primary resistance would be one fourth of that seen in primary coil 116.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
EP92304268A 1991-05-15 1992-05-12 Transformateur amélioré Withdrawn EP0514136A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70073491A 1991-05-15 1991-05-15
US700734 1991-05-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0514136A1 true EP0514136A1 (fr) 1992-11-19

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ID=24814656

Family Applications (1)

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EP92304268A Withdrawn EP0514136A1 (fr) 1991-05-15 1992-05-12 Transformateur amélioré

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0514136A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2531897B2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19505463A1 (de) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-31 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Leistungstransformator
EP0522475B1 (fr) * 1991-07-10 1996-05-22 ABBPATENT GmbH Elément inductif et son procédé de fabrication
WO1998006112A1 (fr) * 1996-08-05 1998-02-12 International Power Devices, Inc. Transformateur planaire
US6035122A (en) * 1994-11-30 2000-03-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Compiler for converting source program into object program having instruction with commit condition
WO2005122193A1 (fr) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-22 Applied Plasma Physics Asa Dispositif transformateur de haute tension planaire
DE202006013658U1 (de) * 2006-09-06 2008-01-24 Vogt Electronic Components Gmbh Transformator mit Steckblechwicklung
US7749153B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2010-07-06 Torgeir Hamsund Incubator device
CN105405624A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-16 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 一种印制电路板电流互感器

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4845199B2 (ja) * 2006-10-17 2011-12-28 ニチコン株式会社 トランス
JP5110735B2 (ja) * 2008-10-10 2012-12-26 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 トランス
JP2012104724A (ja) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-31 Panasonic Corp インダクタ部品
JP5957748B2 (ja) * 2011-03-11 2016-07-27 国立大学法人信州大学 コイルの交流抵抗計算方法
JP6049240B2 (ja) * 2011-07-26 2016-12-21 Ｎｅｃトーキン株式会社 コイル部品
CN104517709B (zh) * 2013-10-07 2017-09-12 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 绕组结构及具有该结构的变压器组件和变压器
CN105140007A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2015-12-09 东莞市昱懋纳米科技有限公司 电源变压器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0165845A1 (fr) * 1984-05-29 1985-12-27 Bull Sems Transformateur à fort couplage primaire-secondaire
EP0293617A1 (fr) * 1987-06-02 1988-12-07 Vacuumschmelze GmbH Transmetteur de puissance à haute fréquence

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0366108A (ja) * 1989-08-05 1991-03-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 静止電磁誘導器

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0165845A1 (fr) * 1984-05-29 1985-12-27 Bull Sems Transformateur à fort couplage primaire-secondaire
EP0293617A1 (fr) * 1987-06-02 1988-12-07 Vacuumschmelze GmbH Transmetteur de puissance à haute fréquence

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 217 (E-423)(2273) 29 July 1986 & JP-A-61 054 607 ( MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC ) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 150 (E-324)(1873) 25 June 1985 & JP-A-60 030 110 ( FUJI DENKI SEIZO ) *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0522475B1 (fr) * 1991-07-10 1996-05-22 ABBPATENT GmbH Elément inductif et son procédé de fabrication
DE19505463A1 (de) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-31 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Leistungstransformator
US6035122A (en) * 1994-11-30 2000-03-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Compiler for converting source program into object program having instruction with commit condition
WO1998006112A1 (fr) * 1996-08-05 1998-02-12 International Power Devices, Inc. Transformateur planaire
US5781093A (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-07-14 International Power Devices, Inc. Planar transformer
US5949321A (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-09-07 International Power Devices, Inc. Planar transformer
US7749153B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2010-07-06 Torgeir Hamsund Incubator device
WO2005122193A1 (fr) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-22 Applied Plasma Physics Asa Dispositif transformateur de haute tension planaire
AU2005253503B2 (en) * 2004-06-07 2009-02-26 Schenck Process Europe Gmbh Planar high voltage transformer device
KR101065161B1 (ko) * 2004-06-07 2011-09-15 어플라이드 플라스마 피직스 에이에스에이 평면 고전압 변압기장치
DE202006013658U1 (de) * 2006-09-06 2008-01-24 Vogt Electronic Components Gmbh Transformator mit Steckblechwicklung
CN105405624A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-16 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 一种印制电路板电流互感器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0689818A (ja) 1994-03-29
JP2531897B2 (ja) 1996-09-04

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