EP0513949A2 - Framework consisting of two elements by four rectangular trihedrons each for the load bearing structure of a uniform measured building - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a framework of parallelepipedal, prefabricated elements which can be easily transported since it comprises two parts which are fitted together in situ. Each of the two parts 2 and 3 of each framework 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f basically comprises a deck and the corresponding beams with inserted parts of piers, so that each deck is provided with four rectangular trihedrons, which guarantee the statics and the strength of the individual frameworks and of the fitted-together frameworks which form the load-bearing structure of a building. By fixing the shoulders of the various half-piers to the upper frameworks or to the additional slabs and to additional corner piers, a plurality of frameworks 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f can be placed in one or more layers one on top of the other. In this way, buildings which are to be filled in and completed according to variable models for homes can be divided up, since the various frameworks are connected to one another not only by the connection of the half-piers but also by tie bars which run through holes in the decks. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to prefabricated elements which are used to create load-bearing structures of houses or buildings for various purposes with standardized dimensions.

The production times of a normal building depend not only on the availability of material and personnel, but also on the times required for reinforcement, concreting, disarmament, etc., which are indispensable for the construction of the load-bearing scaffolding, be it a brickwork or concrete plant. In order to shorten these times, the current technology provides for the use of prefabricated elements which comply with the prescribed standards and which make it possible to construct a building more quickly and more cost-effectively.

Such prefabricated elements are known to consist of supporting beams, pillars and parts of ceilings, which are assembled with the necessary means for attaching the connections and fastenings. These prefabricated elements are individual parts, which is why the installation is always complicated and requires the greatest attention. Therefore, little time can be saved.

Significant shortening of the construction time is possible by using prefabricated ceilings, which are already included Pillars or supporting beams are equipped, using four right-angled trusses for each ceiling, which ensure the statics and the strength of the construction and which means that the connection on the construction site is unnecessary. To this day, the main obstacle to the manufacture of ceilings and pillars, which form the aforementioned members, is the large amount of space and the weight that such structures entail and which make transport and installation more difficult.

These difficulties are overcome by the present invention in that four members for each ceiling or floor by the creation of two-part pillars, one fixed to the floor, the other fixed to the ceiling, according to a method which is the current concept of prefabricated elements completely changed, connected.

The object of the present invention is the prefabrication of load-bearing building structures, particularly in the area of modular buildings. For this purpose, prefabricated ceilings equipped with quadrilateral arches are manufactured, which correspond to the highest degree to the safety regulations and the static norms and which can nevertheless be transported easily.

In particular, the object of the present invention is to create a scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled arches, for the load-bearing structure of uniform structures.

Another object of the present invention is the rapid manufacture of the load-bearing structures of standardized buildings, especially when building and rebuilding multiple apartments or localities. This can reduce the expenditure previously required for the creation of provisional accommodation, especially in the event of disasters or social emergencies.

A further object of the present invention is to make maximum use of the ceiling surface with regard to the position of the pillars by creating parallelepiped-shaped structures which enable the best implementation of the desired features.

A further object of the present invention is the approximation of the planned to the effective dimensions. This allows the use of prefabricated panels and infill walls, doors or windows, which means that the already structured building can be completed even faster.

Another object of the present invention is to create constructions with small dimensional deviations, which then allow the use of infilling standard elements.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that a framework 1 consists of two elements 2 and 3 lying opposite one another, each element is equipped with four right-angled members and each member is formed by the three-dimensional intersection or the meeting of two beams and a half-pillar of the individual element.

Preferred embodiments can be found in the subclaims.

The schematic FIGS. 1 to 8 serve to explain the invention.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer parallelepipeden Struktur oder eines Gerüstes, bestehend aus den zusammengestellten Teilen der Struktur von Fig. 2,

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht der beiden Teile, die das Parallelepiped oder Gerüst nach Fig. 1 bilden,

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht der selbstzentrierenden Führung für das Zusammensetzen der Pfeiler,

Fig. 4

eine axiale Schnittansicht des Details zum Anbringen der Verbindung der Pfeiler,

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines der Hilfspfeiler der Struktur,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Hilfsplatte, die zur Vervollständigung und Verbindung der Decken dient,

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht von acht zu einem dreigeschossigen Gebäude zusammengestellten Gerüsten gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht der tragenden Struktur für ein dreigeschossiges Gebäude, welches durch das Komplettieren der Teile von Fig. 7 erzielt wurde.

It shows

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective view of a parallelepiped structure or a scaffold consisting of the assembled parts of the structure from FIG. 2,

Fig. 2

2 shows a perspective view of the two parts which form the parallelepiped or scaffold according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

a perspective view of the self-centering guide for assembling the pillars,

Fig. 4

an axial sectional view of the detail for attaching the connection of the pillars,

Fig. 5

a perspective view of one of the auxiliary pillars of the structure,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of an auxiliary plate, which serves to complete and connect the ceilings,

Fig. 7

2 shows a perspective view of eight scaffolds according to FIG. 1 assembled into a three-storey building,

Fig. 8

a perspective view of the supporting structure for a three-story building, which was achieved by completing the parts of Fig. 7.

1 and 2 show, each scaffold 1 consists of a floor 2 and a ceiling 3.
The bottom 2 is formed from two longitudinal beams 7 and 8, two cross beams 5 and 6 and an inner surface 21, with a flattening on the top in order to achieve the lowest possible weight.
At the crossing points of the beams 5, 6, 7 and 8, the half-pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16 rise on the upper side. Each half-pillar 13, 14, 15 and 16 is equipped with a shoulder 24 and a frustoconical hole 22.

In summary, it can be said that each floor 2 is composed of a flattened sole 21, four beams 5, 6, 7 and 8 and four upper half-pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16. These pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16 are firmly connected to the corresponding node or crossing girders and form a series of four right-angled arches which ensure the statics and strength of each structural grid of the building.

The ceiling 3 is formed from two longitudinal beams 11 and 12, two cross beams 9 and 10 and an inner surface 25, with a flattening on the top in order to achieve the lowest possible weight.
At the crossing points of the beams 9, 10, 11 and 12 are the half-pillars 17, 18, 19 and 20 on the underside. Each half-pillar is 17, 18, 19 and 20 equipped with a shoulder 27 and at its end with a frustoconical hole 26.

In summary, it can be said that each blanket 3 is composed of a flattened sole 25, four beams 9, 10, 11 and 12 and four lower half pillars 17, 18, 19 and 20, each with a hole 26 at the lower end.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, it is evident that a scaffold 1 consists of the floor 2 and the superimposed ceiling 3.

It is obvious that the stability of the scaffold 1 depends on a secure connection of the respective half-pillars 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, which form the connecting pillar between the floor 2 and the ceiling 3. Adequate reinforcement and professional manufacture of the pillars and the entire elements are also necessary.

3 and 4 show the connection system of the two half-pillars 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of each column. This system provides for the use of a self-centering guide 23, which is formed by two truncated cones 37 and 38, which are preferably combined by an aperture 39. The lower cone 38 is inserted into the opening 22 of each half-pillar 13, 14, 15 and 16, its depth of penetration being limited by the aperture 39. When the ceiling 3 is put on, each pillar 17, 18, 19 and 20 has its own frustoconical opening 26 on the axis of the cone 37, which protrude from the corresponding half-pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16 and thus lead to an exact placement on the same . Any small To compensate for differences, the interposition of a sleeve or seal 28 is necessary.

The scaffold 1, which was created by connecting the floor 2 and the ceiling 3 by connecting the corresponding half-pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16 to the half-pillars 17, 18, 19 and 20, is a solid body which, although made of consists of two individual parts, is resistant to loads.

7, the stands 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, and 1g are assembled in exactly the same way as stand 1, parts 2 and 3 being assembled step by step, starting, of course, from below.

The example below describes the use according to the invention of the parts according to the invention for producing a structure according to FIGS. 7 and 8.

After the usual meliorations and the foundation of the building have been carried out, the base plates or the floors 2 of the scaffolding 1, 1a and 1b are installed and laid out at the necessary distance. Now the self-centering pins 23 or guides are inserted into the various openings 22 of the half-pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16 of each frame 1, 1a and 1b and at the same time the appropriate seals 28 are attached.

Now follows the laying of the ceilings 3 so that the openings 26 of the corresponding half-pillars 17, 18, 19 and 20 meet with their axis on the cone 37 of the guides mentioned. A row of three stands 1, 1a and 1b is thus obtained, which are so far apart must be that you can insert the basic elements 2 of the upper scaffolding 1c and 1d exactly between the ceilings 3 of each frame 1, 1a and 1b.

The scaffolding 1c and 1d are then completed by fitting the corresponding parts 3, the guides 23 and seals 28 having been fitted beforehand.

Since the different parts 2 and 3 originate from the same shapes, these parts fit so precisely that they can be interchanged without problems, since there are no deviations in the dimensions. The shoulders 24 of the new basic element 2 fit exactly on the shoulders 27 of the lower ceilings 3. At the same time, the beams 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the new scaffolds 1c and 1d are on the same level as the beams 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the Frameworks 1, 1a and 1b.

The scaffold 1f can now be put on easily. On the other hand, when the parts 2 of the scaffolding 1e and 1g are put on, the auxiliary pillars 29 must also be attached above the corner pillars of the scaffolding 1 and 1b in order to achieve the support and support of the scaffolding 1e and 1g. These pillars 29 serve to support the upper load and must therefore be sufficiently reinforced.

The frameworks 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g have now been erected and completed by attaching the auxiliary pillars 29. The load-bearing structure is now completed by placing the plates 30 and 30a, which are supported by the shoulders 27 of the structures 1e, 1f and 1g.

These plates 30 consist of a sole 40 flattened between the two longitudinal beams 31 and 32 and the two transverse beams 33 and 34, which are designed exactly like the ceilings 3, but without the half-pillars.

The various scaffolds 1, 1c, 1a, 1d and 1b, as well as 1e, 1c, 1f, 1d and 1g, are connected to one another with a series of transverse tie rods 36 which run through the through openings 35 which are located in the longitudinal beams 7 and 8 of the floors 2, the beams 11 and 12 of the ceilings 3 and the beams 31 and 32 of the plates 30 are located. The exclusive use of the same shapes allows the various openings 35 to be perfectly aligned, so that there are no difficulties in attaching and pulling the tie rods 36.

A single block with the eight structural elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g and with the auxiliary pillars 29 and auxiliary plates 30 and 30a has thus been created. Now insert the heat and soundproofing elements into the flattened part or the troughs of the soles 21, 25 and 40, three surfaces 41, 41a and 41b being formed which can be converted into apartments or other rooms. The fourth and top surface 42 can be used as a ceiling that serves as the basis for the roof.

The combination and use of prefabricated scaffolding gives you a seamless structure that absorbs the operating load and is resistant to horizontal impacts, for example in the event of an earthquake, and that complies with the existing safety standards.

From this illustration it is clear that the load-bearing structure, in contrast to the technology used today in the construction industry, can be constructed simply and quickly. Since the present invention considerably shortens the construction times for buildings, this object of the invention can be regarded as having been achieved.

It can also be seen from the above descriptions that the type of manufacture of the half-pillars 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the floor 2 and the half-pillars 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the ceiling 3 makes it easy to transport a complete scaffold 1. That is why parts can be prefabricated and assembled quickly and safely. In fact, the height of the half-pillars 13, 14, 16 and 16 of the floor 2 for the production of normal floors easily fits the common means of transport, be it for the transportation of floor 2, as well as in connection with several floors 2 and / or ceilings 3, since these can be placed side by side slightly off-axis, in such a way that the underside of the half-pillars 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of a body is the underside of the surfaces 21 and / or 25 of the adjacent body.

This guarantees the strength of the four right-angled strings on each ceiling, which are responsible for the load-bearing capacity and statics of the structure.

The possibility of conveying one or more floors 2 or ceilings 3 allows, apart from the advantage of an extremely fast and safe prefabrication, their series production with always constant dimensions and quality according to the further stated objects of the invention.

With the intention of reconciling the size restrictions of the means of transport with the dimensions of the projects and the space requirement of the finished structure, it is possible, according to the best solution of the task, to create scaffolding with the following dimensions: length approx. 7.5 m; Total height about 3.4 m; Depth, measured between the outer sides of the pillars, about 4.0 m; the shoulders 24 and 27 are approx. 15 cm wide and the depth of the blanket is approx. 3.7 m.

These dimensions of the scaffolding 1 for the present structure prove to be particularly suitable for the construction of rooms for normal use, i.e. to create emergency shelters that meet normal living requirements, also according to one of the stated objects of the invention.

The scaffolding 1 in the above dimensions can be used for a wide variety of applications and can also meet specific requirements, since the arrangement of the individual scaffolding can be changed, as can the arrangement and compilation of entire structural blocks, according to that which can be easily recognized by a person skilled in the art Criteria of use.

The dimensions specified for the scaffolding 1 according to the invention can of course be changed and can be adapted to special requirements and structural grids, the expediency described remaining unchanged.

The height of the half-pillars 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, which determines the overall height of the scaffolding, can also be changed if special needs exist and can be shortened or lengthened as desired without bringing along any transportation problems.

Furthermore, floors 2 and ceilings 3 or plates 30 can be created partially or completely without sole 21, 25 and / or 40 in order to create spaces for stairs, elevators, skylights etc. It is also possible to provide half-pillars 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 with shoulders 24 or 27 on the front side with an additional shoulder, which allows the ceilings to be clamped in two directions.

These and other changes are an integral part of the originality of the invention to be protected.

Reference symbol list

1, 1a-1g

framework

2nd

Floor (basic element)

3rd

Ceiling (upper element)

4th

Trieder

5, 6

Cross member of the floor

7, 8

Side member of the floor

9, 10

Cross member of the ceiling

11, 12

Longitudinal beams of the ceiling

13, 14, 15, 16

Half pillar of the ground

17, 18, 19, 20

Half pillar of the ceiling

21

Sole of the floor

22

Opening in the bottom half-pillar

23

self-centering leadership

24th

Shoulder of the bottom pillar

25th

Sole of the blanket

26

Opening in the ceiling pillar

27th

Shoulder of the ceiling pillar

28

poetry

29

Auxiliary pillar

30, 30a

Auxiliary plate

31, 32

Side member of the auxiliary plate

33, 34

Cross member of the auxiliary plate

35

Opening the side members

36

Tie rod

37

upper truncated cone

38

lower truncated cone

39

cover

40

Sole of the auxiliary plate

41, 41a, 41b

Surfaces for use

42

Surface as roof

Claims (11)

Scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members for the load-bearing structure of uniform structures, characterized in that the scaffold (1) consists of two opposing elements (2 and 3), each element is equipped with four right-angled members (4) and each trieder (4) from the three-dimensional intersection or two beams (5, 8), (6, 8), (6, 7), (5, 7) or (9, 11), (10, 11) meet, (10, 12), (9, 12) and a half-pillar (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20) of the individual element (2, 3) is formed. Scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, for the supporting structure of unitary structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the scaffold (1) contains a basic element or floor (2), which has two side members (7, 8) and two Cross members (5, 6) is formed, from whose corners the half-pillars (13, 14, 15, 16) extend. Scaffolding consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, according to claim 2, characterized in that the supports (5, 6, 7, 8) of the base element (2) carry a sole (21) which is of a lower material thickness than the supports (5 , 6, 7, 8) and has the function of a correspondingly reinforced floor, which may be partially or completely omitted to create spaces for stairs, elevators or skylights. Scaffolding consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, according to claim 2, characterized in that each half-pillar (13, 14, 15, 16) of the base (2) is provided at its end with an opening (22) which is a self-centering guide (23) of the upper element (3) and has dimensions such that a shoulder (24) is formed which protrudes from the perimeter of the coupling carrier. Scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, for the supporting structure of unitary structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the scaffold (1) contains an upper element or ceiling (3) which is supported by two longitudinal beams (11, 12) and is formed by two cross beams (9, 10) and from whose corners the half-pillars (17, 18, 19, 20) extend. Scaffolding consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, according to claim 5, characterized in that the supports (9, 10, 11, 12) of the upper element (3) have a sole (25) which has a lower material thickness than the supports ( 9, 10, 11, 12) and has the function of a correspondingly reinforced floor, which can optionally be partially or completely omitted to create spaces for stairs, elevators or skylights. Scaffolding consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, according to claim 6, characterized in that each half-pillar (17, 18, 19, 20) of the upper part (3) is provided at its end with an opening (26) which is on the opposite side the self-centering guide (23), which is already inserted into the opening (22) of the half-pillars (13, 14, 15, 16) of the lower element (2) and has dimensions such that a shoulder (27) is formed, which protrudes from the perimeter of the coupling carrier. Scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, for the load-bearing structure of uniform structures according to claims 4 and 7, characterized in that the two elements (2, 3) of each scaffold (1) by means of self-centering guides (23) and optionally seals (28) or other common connection system. Scaffolding consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, according to claim 1, characterized in that a structure comprising a plurality of scaffolds (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, etc.) is used from one or more storeys of auxiliary pillars (29) and auxiliary plates (30) is created, the superposition of several scaffolding by clamping the shoulders (24) of each half pillar (13, 14, 15, 16) of the lower element (2) with the shoulder (27) of each Half pillar (17, 18, 19, 20) of the upper element (3) is achieved. Scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled members, according to claim 9, characterized in that the longitudinal beams (7, 8, 11, 12) and (31, 32) of the elements (2, 3) and the auxiliary plates (30) with openings (35) are provided, in which the tie rods (36) run, which connect the scaffolding (1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, etc.) of each floor of the building in a transverse manner. Scaffold consisting of two elements, each with four right-angled girders according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport requirements are combined with the requirements of the project of a normal apartment and thus have the following dimensions: length 7.5 m; Total height 3.4 m; Depth, measured between the outside of the pillars, 4.0 m; the shoulders (24 and 27) measure approx. 15 cm; thus the depth of the element (2) and (3) and the auxiliary plate (30) is about 3.7 m.

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