EP0511155A1 - Carriage configuration for vehicles, especially railway vehicles - Google Patents
Carriage configuration for vehicles, especially railway vehicles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0511155A1 EP0511155A1 EP92710012A EP92710012A EP0511155A1 EP 0511155 A1 EP0511155 A1 EP 0511155A1 EP 92710012 A EP92710012 A EP 92710012A EP 92710012 A EP92710012 A EP 92710012A EP 0511155 A1 EP0511155 A1 EP 0511155A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- car body
- sectioned
- roof
- assemblies
- prefabricated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/043—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures connections between superstructure sub-units
- B61D17/046—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures connections between superstructure sub-units readily releasable, i.e. dismountable or collapsible sub-units, e.g. for shipping
Definitions
- the invention relates to a body structure for rail vehicles.
- the object of the invention to develop a car body which has a maximum degree of prefabrication and which can be completed in the application area with little technical and capacitive effort for the intended use in solution to the problems described above.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that the car body partially, at least in the base area in a fully welded construction to a partial car body, assembled, the assemblies required to complete the car body are prefabricated, sectioned, preferably designed to be cold-jointable and that the fully welded partial car body can be completed with an adapter roof for the purpose of transfer as well as in this configuration or with auxiliary stiffeners represents a tube that is resistant to bending and torsion.
- the adapter roof optionally consists of tarpaulin-like material or directly or from at least one element of the sectioned assemblies, preferably the roof assembly, or is designed as a container upper part, which together with the fully welded partial car body sectioned a transport container for the sections required for completion Forms assemblies.
- the method for producing the car body is according to the invention, such that the car body is partially, at least in the base area in a fully welded construction, joined to a partial car body, which sections are subassemblies that complete the car body, preferably prefabricated for cold joining, the partial car body at least with the Adapter roof connected to a transport unit, this transport unit with the sectioned, prefabricated assemblies to the final assembly location, preferably already transported on the original drives and the adapter roof disassembled there, and the car body is completely assembled by means of the prefabricated, sectioned assemblies, preferably using cold joining technology.
- This solution makes it possible to inexpensively prefabricate car body superstructures using techniques of series production in locations with lines with smaller boundary profiles with high structural variability, transfers to locations with lines with larger boundary profiles using the original drives with little transport effort and thereby making the effort to minimize in the application area for the completion with low technical manufacturing requirements.
- This solution according to the invention also allows a variably defined work-sharing process between the manufacturer and the groups.
- FIG. 1 through the transport unit shows a fully welded construction partial car body 1, which extends up to the upper window lower edge of the upper floor, is fully equipped in the lower floor, has an upper floor 7 and an adapter roof 2, which is also in welded construction is executed and at the same time represents the actual car body roof.
- the adapter roof 2 is directly connected to the partial car body 1 via intermediate brackets 3.
- sectioned assemblies 4,4 'necessary for the completion of the car body are stored for the purpose of transport.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the associated side views of the double-deck car body according to the cross sections of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the longitudinally extending intermediate bracket 3 is shown as a thick line.
- the adapter roof 2 over the entire length of the car which in Fig. 4 also applies to the sectioned assemblies 4, 4 'in which the windows of the upper floor are located.
- the all-welded partial car body 1 consists of the side walls 5, the complete underframe 6, the upper floor 7 and the end walls 8.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 the complete double-decker car body with drive 9 can be seen.
- This representation differs from FIG. 3 by the additional arrangement of the sectioned assemblies 4, 4 ', the elimination of the intermediate brackets 3 and the additional arrangement of the end wall upper parts 10.
- the partial car body 1 is manufactured in a fully welded construction up to the lower window edge of the upper floor, including the upper floor 7 Condition already placed on the drives 9.
- the modules 2, 4, 4 ', 10 necessary for the completion of the car body are prefabricated in sections.
- the adapter roof 2 is mounted on detachable intermediate console 3 and using sealing material on the partial car body 1 and this, placed on drives 9, is used as a transport unit for accommodating the assemblies that can be completed and for transferring the car into an area with routes with a larger boundary profile .
- There the adapter roof 2 and the intermediate brackets 3 are disassembled, the joint surfaces of the partial car body 1 and the sectioned assemblies 2, 4, 4 ', 10 are cleaned, treated with a primer and protected with adhesive tapes.
- the transport container shown in Fig. 5 consists essentially of a fully welded partial car body 1 of low design 11 and an upper container part 12 and serves to accommodate the prefabricated sectioned windows 13, 13 'and roof assemblies 14, 14' necessary for the completion of a one-story car body, 14 ⁇ .
- the assembly process corresponds in principle to that of a double-deck car body.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wagenkastenaufbau fuer Schienenfahrzeuge.The invention relates to a body structure for rail vehicles.
Es ist bereits bekannt, Wagenkaesten von Schienenfahrzeugen in modularer Bauweise herzustellen. So wird bereits in der DD 274793 ein Wagenkastenaufbau fuer Schienenfahrzeuge beschrieben, der vorsieht, dass der Wagenkasten in Differentzialbauweise aus Montageeinheiten, die aus dem Hautblech und Versteifungselementen bestehen, aufgebaut wird. Ebenfalls ist ein in Modulbauweise gefertigter Eisenbahnwagen nach US 4235170 bekannt, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass er aus einer Vielzahl von vorgefertigten Baugruppen besteht, die es ermoeglichen, den Wagen nach einem Transport an Ort und Stelle mit geringem Fertigungsaufwand durch bekannte Fuegetechniken zu komplettieren.It is already known to manufacture car bodies of rail vehicles in a modular design. DD 274793 already describes a car body structure for rail vehicles, which provides that the car body is built in a differential design from assembly units consisting of the skin plate and stiffening elements. Also known is a modular railway wagon according to US 4235170, which is characterized in that it consists of a large number of prefabricated assemblies, which make it possible to complete the wagon after transportation on site with little manufacturing effort using known joining techniques.
Sogenannte "zerlegbare" Wagen haben aus Kostengruenden besonders bei den Kunden Anklang gefunden, die den Wagen selbst aus den Bauelementen fertigen wollen. Ein Problem stellt die Fertigung und Ueberfuehrung von Reisezugwagen in Orten mit Strecken mit gegenueber dem Einsatzgebiet kleineren Begrenzungsprofilen dar, speziell dann, wenn der Kunde weder die technischen noch kapazitiven Moeglichkeiten besitzt, um den als Baukastensystem gelieferten Wagenkaesten selbst aufzubauen und zu komplettieren.So-called "demountable" wagons have been particularly popular with customers who want to manufacture the wagon themselves from the components for cost reasons. A problem is the manufacture and transfer of passenger coaches in places with routes with smaller boundary profiles compared to the field of application, especially when the customer has neither the technical nor the capacitive capabilities to assemble and complete the coach boxes supplied as a modular system.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, in Loesung der voranbeschriebenen Problematik einen Wagenkasten zu entwickeln, der einen maximalen Vorfertigungsgrad besitzt und im Einsatzgebiet mit geringem technischen und kapazitiven Aufwand zum bestimmungsgemaessen Einsatz komplettiert werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch geloest, indem der Wagenkasten teilweise, mindestens im Untergestellbereich in ganzgeschweisster Bauweise zu einem Teil- Wagenkasten, gefuegt, die zur Komplettierung des Wagenkastens notwendigen Baugruppen vorgefertigt, sektioniert, vorzugsweise kaltfuegefaehig gestaltet sind und dass der in ganzgeschweisster Bauweise ausgefuehrte Teil- Wagenkasten zum Zwecke der Ueberfuehrung mit einem Adapterdach komplettierbar ist sowie in dieser Konfiguration oder mit Hilfsversteifungen eine biege- und torsionssteife Roehre darstellt. Es ist weiterhin erfindungsgemaess, dass das Adapterdach wahlweise aus planenaehnlichem Material oder direkt oder aus mindestens einem Element der sektionierten Baugruppen, vorzugsweise der Dachbaugruppe ,besteht oder als Containeroberteil ausgefuehrt ist, welches gemeinsam mit dem ganzgeschweissten Teil- Wagenkasten einen Transportbehaelter fuer die zur Komplettierung notwendigen sektionierten Baugruppen bildet.It is the object of the invention to develop a car body which has a maximum degree of prefabrication and which can be completed in the application area with little technical and capacitive effort for the intended use in solution to the problems described above. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the car body partially, at least in the base area in a fully welded construction to a partial car body, assembled, the assemblies required to complete the car body are prefabricated, sectioned, preferably designed to be cold-jointable and that the fully welded partial car body can be completed with an adapter roof for the purpose of transfer as well as in this configuration or with auxiliary stiffeners represents a tube that is resistant to bending and torsion. It is furthermore according to the invention that the adapter roof optionally consists of tarpaulin-like material or directly or from at least one element of the sectioned assemblies, preferably the roof assembly, or is designed as a container upper part, which together with the fully welded partial car body sectioned a transport container for the sections required for completion Forms assemblies.
Desweiteren ist das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Wagenkastens erfindungsgemaess, derart, indem der Wagenkasten teilweise, mindestens im Untergestellbereich in ganzgeschweisster Bauweise zu einem Teil- Wagenkasten gefuegt wird, die den Wagenkasten komplettierenden Baugruppen sektioniert, vorzugsweise kaltfuegefaehig vorgefertigt sind, der Teil- Wagenkasten mindestens mit dem Adapterdach zu einer Transporteinheit verbunden, diese Transporteinheit mit den sektionierten, vorgefertigten Baugruppen zum Endmontageort, vorzugsweise bereits auf den Originallaufwerken transportiert und dort das Adapterdach demontiert sowie der Wagenkasten komplett mittels der vorgefertigten, sektionierten Baugruppen, vorzugsweise durch Kaltfuegetechnik aufgebaut wird.Furthermore, the method for producing the car body is according to the invention, such that the car body is partially, at least in the base area in a fully welded construction, joined to a partial car body, which sections are subassemblies that complete the car body, preferably prefabricated for cold joining, the partial car body at least with the Adapter roof connected to a transport unit, this transport unit with the sectioned, prefabricated assemblies to the final assembly location, preferably already transported on the original drives and the adapter roof disassembled there, and the car body is completely assembled by means of the prefabricated, sectioned assemblies, preferably using cold joining technology.
Durch diese Loesung wird es moeglich, Wagenkastenaufbauten unter Verwendung von Techniken der Serienfertigung in Orten mit Strecken mit kleineren Begrenzungsprofilen kostenguenstig bei hoher konstruktiven Variabilitaet vorzufertigen, Ueberfuehrungen in Einsatzorten mit Strecken mit groesseren Begrenzungsprofilen unter Verwendung der Originallaufwerke mit geringem Transportaufwand zu ermoeglichen und dabei den Aufwand im Einsatzgebiet fuer die Komplettierung bei geringen technischen Fertigungsanforderungen zu minimieren. Ebenfalls erlaubt es diese erfindungsgemaesse Loesung, einen variabel definierten arbeitsteiligen Prozess zwischen dem Hersteller und den Runden zu ermoeglichen.This solution makes it possible to inexpensively prefabricate car body superstructures using techniques of series production in locations with lines with smaller boundary profiles with high structural variability, transfers to locations with lines with larger boundary profiles using the original drives with little transport effort and thereby making the effort to minimize in the application area for the completion with low technical manufacturing requirements. This solution according to the invention also allows a variably defined work-sharing process between the manufacturer and the groups.
Anhand der Zeichnungen wird die Erfindung beispielsweise naeher erlaeutert. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1: einen Querschitt durch die Transporteinheit eines Doppelstock- Wagenkastens
- Fig. 2: einen Querschnitt durch einen komplettierten Doppelstock- Wagenkasten
- Fig. 3: eine Seitenansicht der Transporteinheit nach Fig. 1
- Fig. 4: eine Seitenansicht des kompletten Doppelstock-Wagenkastens nach Fig. 2
- Fig. 5: einen Querschnitt durch einen Transportbehaelter mit Containerdeckel
- Fig. 1: a cross-section through the transport unit of a double-deck car body
- Fig. 2: a cross section through a completed double-deck car body
- 3 shows a side view of the transport unit according to FIG. 1
- 4: a side view of the complete double-deck car body according to FIG. 2
- 5: a cross section through a transport container with a container lid
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Querschnitt durch die Transporteinheit zeigt einen in ganzgeschweisster Bauweise hergestellten Teil- Wagenkasten 1, der bis in Hoehe Fensterunterkante des Oberstockes reicht, im Unterstock komplett ausgeruestet ist, einen Oberstockfussboden 7 aufweist sowie ein Adapterdach 2, welches ebenfalls in ganzgeschweisster Bauweise ausgefuehrt ist und gleichzeitig das eigentliche Wagenkastendach darstellt Das Adapterdach 2 ist mit dem Teil- Wagenkasten 1 ueber Zwischenkonsolen 3 direkt verbunden. Im Obergeschoss sind zur Komplettierung des Wagenkastens notwendige sektionierte Baugruppen 4,4′ zum Zwecke des Transportes eingelagert.The cross-section shown in Fig. 1 through the transport unit shows a fully welded construction
In Fig. 2 ist der mittels der sektionierten Baugruppen 4,4′ komplettierte Wagenkasten dargestellt.In Fig. 2 of the sectioned
Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen die zugehoerigen Seitenansichten des Doppelstock- Wagenkastens nach den Querschnitten der Fig. 1 und 2. In Fig. 3 ist die laengsdurchgehende Zwischenkonsole 3 als dick ausgezogener Strich dargestellt. In beiden Fig. erstreckt sich das Adapterdach 2 ueber die ganze Wagenlaenge, was in Fig. 4 auch fuer die sektionierten Baugruppen 4,4′, in denen sich die Fenster des Oberstockes befinden, gilt. Der ganzgeschweisste Teil- Wagenkasten 1 besteht aus den Seitenwaenden 5, dem kompletten Untergestell 6, dem Oberstockfussboden 7 und den Stirnwaenden 8. In Fig. 3 und 4 ist der komplette Doppelstock- Wagenkasten mit Laufwerk 9 zu sehen. Diese Darstellung unterscheidet sich gegenueber der Fig. 3 durch die zusaetzliche Anordnung der sektionierten Baugruppen 4,4′,den Entfall der Zwischenkonsolen 3 und die zusaetzliche Anordnung der Stirnwandoberteile 10.3 and 4 show the associated side views of the double-deck car body according to the cross sections of FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 3, the longitudinally extending
Im Herstellerbetrieb erfolgt die Fertigung des Teil- Wagenkastens 1 in ganzgeschweisster Bauweise bis zur Fensterunterkante des Oberstockes einschliesslich des Oberstockfussbodens 7. Der derartig gefertigte Teil- Wagenkasten 1 stellt eine biege- und torsionssteife Roehre dar und wird im Unterstock mit der kompletten Innenausstattung ausgestattet und in diesem Zustand bereits auf die Laufwerke 9 aufgesetzt. Die fuer die Komplettierung des Wagenkastens notwendigen Baugruppen 2, 4, 4′,10 werden sektioniert vorgefertigt. Das Adapterdach 2 wird ueber loesbare Zwischenkonsole 3 und unter Verwendung von Dichtungsmaterial auf den Teil- Wagenkasten 1 montiert und dieser, auf Laufwerke 9 aufgesetzt, als Transporteinheit fuer die Unterbringung der komplettierbaren Baugruppen und zur Ueberfuehrung des Wagens in ein Gebiet mit Strecken mit groesserem Begrenzungsprofil genutzt. Dort werden das Adapterdach 2 und die Zwischenkonsolen 3 demontiert, die Fuegeflaechen des Teil- Wagenkastens 1 und der sektionierten Baugruppen 2,4, 4′, 10 werden gereinigt, mit einem Primer behandelt und mit Klebebaendern geschuetzt. Dann wird ein Einkomponenten- Elastomer aufgetragen. Die sektionierten Baugruppen 4,4′ werden aufgesetzt und mit speziellen hydraulischen Pistolen die hochfesten Bolzenschliessungsverbindungen erzeugt. In gleicher Weise wird das Dach gefuegt. Der nach aussen austretende Elastomer wird mit dem Entfernen des Klebebandes geglaettet, so dass eine strichfoermige dekorative Naht in der Aussenhaut entsteht. Durch die in der Phase noch offenen Stirnwaende im Oberstock werden die Sitze sowie weitere Innenausstattungselemente und Ausruestungsbaugruppen, wie Geraetekaesten und Luftkonditionierungsanlagen, die in den Dachendraeumen angeordnet sind, eingebracht und dann montiert. Abschliessend werden die Stirnwandoberteile 10 gesetzt.In the manufacturing company, the
Der in Fig. 5 gezeigte Transportbehaelter besteht im wesentlichen aus einem ganzgeschweisstem Teil- Wagenkasten 1 niedriger Bauart 11 und einen Containeroberteil 12 und dient zur Aufnahme der fuer die Komplettierung eines einstoeckigen Wagenkastens notwendigen vorgefertigten sektionierten Fenster 13,13′sowie Dachbaugruppen 14,14′,14˝.The transport container shown in Fig. 5 consists essentially of a fully welded
Der Montageablauf entspricht im Prinzip dem eines Doppelstock-Wagenkastens.The assembly process corresponds in principle to that of a double-deck car body.
- 1 Teil- Wagenkasten1 part car body
- 2 Adapterdach2 adapter roof
- 3 Zwischenkonsolen3 intermediate brackets
- 4,4′ Baugruppen4.4 'assemblies
- 5 Seitenwand5 side wall
- 6 Untergestell6 base
- 7 Oberstockfussboden7 upper floor
- 8 Stirnwaende8 end walls
- 9 Laufwerk9 drive
- 10 Stirnwandoberteil10 top wall part
- 11 Wagenkasten niedrige Bauart11 low-body car body
- 12 Containeroberteil12 upper container part
- 13,13′ Fenster13.13 ′ window
- 14,14′,14˝ Dachbaugruppen14,14 ′, 14˝ roof assemblies
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4113605 | 1991-04-23 | ||
DE4113605A DE4113605A1 (en) | 1991-04-23 | 1991-04-23 | CAR BOX ASSEMBLY FOR VEHICLES, IN PARTICULAR RAIL VEHICLES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0511155A1 true EP0511155A1 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
EP0511155B1 EP0511155B1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
Family
ID=6430379
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92710012A Expired - Lifetime EP0511155B1 (en) | 1991-04-23 | 1992-04-02 | Carriage configuration for vehicles, especially railway vehicles |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0511155B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE111400T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ280737B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4113605A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2087352C1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3077259A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-02 | Alstom Transport Technologies | MODULAR RAILWAY RAIL AND RAILWAY VEHICLE WITH VARIABLE LENGTH |
EP3712029B1 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2021-12-15 | ALSTOM Transport Technologies | Car with several levels with offset floor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19860557C1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-08-24 | Abb Daimler Benz Transp | Interior for passenger train carriage or coach, has L-shaped, prefabricated segments, whose sides form side wall and floor |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB547832A (en) * | 1940-05-18 | 1942-09-14 | Budd Edward G Mfg Co | Improvements in or relating to the fabricating and shipping of rail car bodies |
FR2433448A1 (en) * | 1978-08-18 | 1980-03-14 | Budd Co | CONTAINER FOR RAIL VEHICLE ELEMENTS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING, CONDITIONING AND ASSEMBLING SUCH A VEHICLE |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE640513C (en) * | 1932-11-18 | 1937-01-09 | Standard Pressed Steel Co | Car bodies, especially for railroad cars and buses |
DE1108576B (en) * | 1956-06-28 | 1961-06-08 | Alle Heida | Connection of components for vehicle bodies |
BE678577A (en) * | 1965-04-27 | 1966-09-01 | ||
ZA711625B (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1972-10-25 | British Leyland Truck & Bus | Vehicle body construction |
US4235170A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-11-25 | The Budd Company | Railway car underframe end sill |
IT1157123B (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1987-02-11 | Rayton Fissore Spa | SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR VEHICLES |
FR2635065B1 (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1991-04-19 | Cimt Lorraine | RAILWAY CAR BODY |
DD274793B5 (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1996-04-04 | Goerlitz Waggonbau Gmbh | Car body construction for rail vehicles |
FR2654056B1 (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1992-04-30 | Cimt Lorraine | RAILWAY CAR BODY WITH MODULAR WIDTH. |
-
1991
- 1991-04-23 DE DE4113605A patent/DE4113605A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-04-02 DE DE59200488T patent/DE59200488D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-02 AT AT92710012T patent/ATE111400T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-02 EP EP92710012A patent/EP0511155B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-08 CZ CS921061A patent/CZ280737B6/en unknown
- 1992-04-22 RU SU925011804A patent/RU2087352C1/en active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB547832A (en) * | 1940-05-18 | 1942-09-14 | Budd Edward G Mfg Co | Improvements in or relating to the fabricating and shipping of rail car bodies |
FR2433448A1 (en) * | 1978-08-18 | 1980-03-14 | Budd Co | CONTAINER FOR RAIL VEHICLE ELEMENTS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING, CONDITIONING AND ASSEMBLING SUCH A VEHICLE |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3077259A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-02 | Alstom Transport Technologies | MODULAR RAILWAY RAIL AND RAILWAY VEHICLE WITH VARIABLE LENGTH |
EP3521128A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-07 | ALSTOM Transport Technologies | Modular railway body and railway vehicle of variable length |
EP3712029B1 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2021-12-15 | ALSTOM Transport Technologies | Car with several levels with offset floor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59200488D1 (en) | 1994-10-20 |
DE4113605A1 (en) | 1992-10-29 |
RU2087352C1 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
ATE111400T1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
CZ280737B6 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
EP0511155B1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
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