EP0501362A1 - Gear pump - Google Patents

Gear pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0501362A1
EP0501362A1 EP92103029A EP92103029A EP0501362A1 EP 0501362 A1 EP0501362 A1 EP 0501362A1 EP 92103029 A EP92103029 A EP 92103029A EP 92103029 A EP92103029 A EP 92103029A EP 0501362 A1 EP0501362 A1 EP 0501362A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing
gear pump
flow
valve member
slide bearings
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP92103029A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0501362B1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Kurt Hunziker
Fritz Haupt
Eduard Mischler
Stefan Kalt
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Maag Pump Systems AG
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Maag Pump Systems AG
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Publication of EP0501362A1 publication Critical patent/EP0501362A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0042Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the machines or pump
    • F04C15/0046Internal leakage control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C13/00Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
    • F04C13/005Removing contaminants, deposits or scale from the pump; Cleaning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gear pump according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a gear pump which allows a variable effect on flow conditions in the region of the passage system serving for bearing lubrication in a simple manner.
  • the solution according to the invention is based on the finding that deposits occur primarily on the low-pressure side of the plain bearings.
  • the pressure on this bearing side connected to the inlet channel is usually only just as much higher than that in the inlet channel that the remaining pressure drop is sufficient for a constant backflow of the bearing lubrication flows.
  • the flow on the bearing side mentioned cannot normally be sufficient to develop a sufficient flushing action there.
  • the solution according to the invention now allows the pressure and flow conditions to be changed operationally in the zones particularly susceptible to deposits and to be exposed to a higher pressure and an intensified flow compared to normal pump operation.
  • the intensified flow which is usually generated during cleaning on site with the detergent conveyed by the pump, can also be used in product conveying operations, e.g. in the case of a highly sensitive product, by rinsing with it through a temporary, e.g. periodically intensified flow takes place.
  • the passage system has a section which bypasses the slide bearing and is controlled by the valve member.
  • the valve member can shut off the immediate section and this can be for one Flushing operation, for example when cleaning with a detergent, are released in order to increase the pressure on the bearing side connected to the inlet and thus generate increased flow rates of the flushing stream.
  • valve member is arranged between the slide bearing and the inlet channel and can thus change the pressure on this bearing side or increase it for cleaning with a detergent. It is also possible to adapt the bearing lubrication flow to the flow properties of different pumped media, e.g. of the detergent used for on-site cleaning, which can differ significantly from that of the product to be conveyed as intended.
  • FIG. 1 in FIG. 1 generally designates a gear pump, which has an inlet channel 4 and an outlet channel 6 for a product to be conveyed.
  • a passage system 8 is shown schematically as connecting the outlet channel 6 to the inlet channel 4 and comprises the sections available for a bearing lubrication flow. To simplify matters, only one bearing 12 is shown and this is equated with the running play columns of the same for the schematic representation.
  • a passage section 10 is shown schematically, which indicates the connection to the pressure side of the gear pump that is present during internal storage.
  • the inlet channel 4 which is located on the suction side of the pump 2, is connected to the low-pressure side 16 of the bearing 12 via a passage section 18.
  • the passage system 8 has a bypass section 20, which connects the low-pressure side 16 of the bearing 12 to the outlet channel 6 or the pressure side of the gear pump 2.
  • the bypass section 20 contains an adjustable valve member 22 in the form of a throttle valve.
  • the passage system 8 is shown in connection with a schematic sectional illustration of the gear pump 2.
  • This comprises gear bodies 32 and 34, which are arranged in a housing 30 and whose bearing journals 36 are received by plain bearing bushes 12a of the bearings 12.
  • the drive shaft 38 of the gear body 32 is led out of the housing 30 and coupled to a drive motor, not shown.
  • the bearing journals 36 of the gearwheel bodies 32 and 34 together with the plain bearing bushes 12a limit the size illustrated running game column 12b.
  • the gearwheel bodies 32 and 34 comprise intermeshing gearwheels 42 and 44.
  • Shaft seals are indicated at 48, which seal the plenums 46 together with the drive shaft 38 against the outside.
  • the passage section 10 shown in FIG. 1 indicates the connection between the interior of the housing 30 receiving the gears 42, 44 and the clearance gaps 12b of the bearings 12.
  • the passage section 10 shown in FIG. 1 indicates the connection between the interior of the housing 30 receiving the gears 42, 44 and the clearance gaps 12b of the bearings 12.
  • the column 12b facing the gears 42 and 44 there is therefore approximately the same pressure as at the outlet 6 of the pump 2; accordingly, these sides correspond to the pressure side 14 of the bearing 12 in FIG. 1.
  • the collecting spaces 46 in FIG. 2 correspond to the low pressure side 16 of this bearing.
  • the bypass section 20 according to FIG. 1 is branched into two strands, each of which is connected to one of the collecting spaces 46.
  • Each of the strands contains a valve member 22. It must be added that the valve members 22 are connected to a control device, not shown, which has electromagnetic actuating members.
  • the actuators can alternatively be of a pneumatic or hydraulic type.
  • valve members 22 In normal conveying operation of the pump 2, the valve members 22 are usually completely closed, so that no conveyed product can flow through the bypass section 20. If the pump 2, e.g. after a completed conveying process or the conveying of another product, the pump conveying a detergent, the collecting spaces 46 can be opened directly by opening both valve members 22, i.e. bypassing the bearing 12, can be charged with a flushing stream of this flushing agent. Since the flushing flow now flowing via the strands of the bypass section 20 is derived from the pressure side 6 of the pump 2, considerably higher flow velocities can be achieved on the low pressure side 16 of the bearings 12 compared to the lubrication flow.
  • valve members 22 Any product deposits present in the potential dead space areas are thus reliably rinsed out and drained off via the strands of the passage section 18. It may be expedient not to open both valve members 22 to the same extent in order to take into account different flow conditions in the two collecting spaces 46.
  • the degree of opening of the valve members can be designed to be variable and thus adaptable to the flow properties of a detergent.
  • the rinsing effect of the stream originating from the bypass section 20 explained above can also be used advantageously in certain applications in product conveying operation.
  • Periodic opening of the valve members can be achieved so that a rinsing stream formed from the product now flows through the collecting spaces 46 and thus also through the potential dead spaces and thereby counteracts the formation of deposits in these or avoids these deposits.
  • the flow properties of the respective product can be taken into account with a corresponding design of the valve elements and their actuation by setting an appropriate degree of opening.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 and 2 mainly in that the passage system does not require a bypass section.
  • the passage system denoted by 50 in FIG. 3 contains in its passage section 52 adjoining the low-pressure side 16 of the bearing 12 a valve member 54 designed as a throttle valve, which can be actuated electromagnetically.
  • This valve element is, for example, half open in normal product delivery and only allows the outflow of the bearing lubrication flow required for operation.
  • the valve member 54 is fully opened for the cleaning operation, in which the internal losses in the output of the pump 2 are irrelevant.
  • the passage system here also includes all bearings of the pump 2 and that the section 52 can have a corresponding line for each side of the housing and, if appropriate, a valve member 54.
  • a hydraulic or pneumatic actuation member can be provided instead of an electromagnetic actuation of the valve member (s).
  • the bearing lubrication flow can be influenced independently of other operating parameters.
  • the bearing lubrication flow can therefore be adjusted to the flow behavior of the product or it can be changed during the conveyor operation for a product.
  • the invention can also be used successfully where products are to be conveyed which degrade due to thermal and / or mechanical influences during bearing lubrication. In such products, the bearing lubrication flow is not returned to the inlet channel 4, but is diverted separately.
  • a valve member for this application is arranged in the discharge section or in each of the strands thereof and allows the flow through the bearings to be influenced in the manner explained above.

Abstract

In the cleaning of a gear pump (2) with bearing (12) by means of a cleaning medium delivered by the pump itself, in order to intensify the cleaning in the bearing area (12) a bypass connection (20) with controllable valve (22) is returned from the pressure side (6) of the pump to a lubricating feed (18) for the bearing (12), by way of which the bearing (12) in normal operation is fed with a lubricating flow from the delivered main flow from the low pressure side (4) of the pump. By means of the return line (20, 22) the cleaning effect in the bearing (12) of the cleaning medium delivered by the pump is intensified. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zahnradpumpe nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a gear pump according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei bekannten Zahnradpumpen dieser Art erfolgt die Schmierung der Lager durch das zu fördernde Produkt selber. Bei vielen Anwendungen solcher Zahnradpumpen besteht heute die Forderung, die Reinigung vor Ort, d.h. in eingebautem Zustand derselben unter Einsatz eines Spülmittels durchzuführen, das gleich wie das Produkt von der Pumpe gefördert wird. Die Erfahrung zeigt allerdings, dass in der Pumpe oft Ablagerungen des geförderten Produktes zurückbleiben. Bei hohen Anforderungen an die Reinheit des Produktes ist diese Reinigung demnach nicht ausreichend wirksam, indem neues Produkt von diesen Ablagerungen kontaminiert wird.In known gear pumps of this type, the bearings are lubricated by the product to be conveyed itself. In many applications of such gear pumps, there is now a requirement for on-site cleaning, i.e. to be carried out in the installed state using a detergent which is pumped by the pump in the same way as the product. Experience shows, however, that deposits of the pumped product often remain in the pump. With high demands on the purity of the product, this cleaning is therefore not sufficiently effective in that new product is contaminated by these deposits.

Je nach dem Fliessverhalten besteht bei mit bekannten Zahnradpumpen geförderten Produkten ein Problem darüberhinaus darin, dass vielfach breite Verweilzeitverteilungen auftreten. Bei sensitiven Produkten können solche Verweilzeitverteilungen häufige Betriebsunterbrüche zum Zweck der Reinigung notwendig machen.Depending on the flow behavior, there is also a problem with products conveyed with known gear pumps that the residence time distributions are often wide. In the case of sensitive products, such dwell time distributions can make frequent interruptions in operation necessary for the purpose of cleaning.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, eine Zahnradpumpe zu schaffen, die auf einfache Weise eine veränderbare Einwirkung auf Strömungsverhältnisse im Bereich des der Lagerschmierung dienenden Durchlasssystemes zulässt.The object of the invention is to provide a gear pump which allows a variable effect on flow conditions in the region of the passage system serving for bearing lubrication in a simple manner.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens von Anspruch 1.This object is achieved with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung beruht auf der Feststellung, dass Ablagerungen in erster Linie auf der Niederdruckseite der Gleitlager auftreten. In der Absicht, einen hohen volumetrischen Wirkungsgrad der Zahnradpumpe zu erreichen und dabei auch die aus den Lagerschmierströmen resultierenden Verluste als Teil des Gesamtleckstromes so klein wie möglich zu halten, liegt der Druck an dieser mit dem Eintrittskanal verbundenen Lagerseite meist nur gerade soviel über jenem im Eintrittskanal, dass das verbleibende Druckgefälle für einen steten Rückfluss der Lagerschmierströme ausreicht. Mithin kann die Strömung an der genannten Lagerseite normalerweise nicht ausreichen, um dort eine ausreichende Spülwirkung zu entfalten.The solution according to the invention is based on the finding that deposits occur primarily on the low-pressure side of the plain bearings. In order to achieve a high volumetric efficiency of the gear pump and to keep the losses resulting from the bearing lubrication flows as small as possible as part of the total leakage current, the pressure on this bearing side connected to the inlet channel is usually only just as much higher than that in the inlet channel that the remaining pressure drop is sufficient for a constant backflow of the bearing lubrication flows. As a result, the flow on the bearing side mentioned cannot normally be sufficient to develop a sufficient flushing action there.

Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung gestattet nun, in den für Ablagerungen besonders anfälligen Zonen die Druck- und Strömungsverhältnisse betriebsmässig zu verändern und einem gegenüber dem normalen Pumpenbetrieb höheren Druck und einer intensivierten Strömung auszusetzen. Die intensivierte Strömung, welche in der Regel bei der Reinigung vor Ort mit dem von der Pumpe geförderten Spülmittel erzeugt wird, lässt sich gegebenenfalls auch im Produkt-Förderbetrieb anwenden, so z.B. bei einem hochempfindlichen Produkt, indem eine Spülung mittels diesem durch eine zeitweise, z.B. periodisch intensivierte Strömung erfolgt.The solution according to the invention now allows the pressure and flow conditions to be changed operationally in the zones particularly susceptible to deposits and to be exposed to a higher pressure and an intensified flow compared to normal pump operation. The intensified flow, which is usually generated during cleaning on site with the detergent conveyed by the pump, can also be used in product conveying operations, e.g. in the case of a highly sensitive product, by rinsing with it through a temporary, e.g. periodically intensified flow takes place.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei welcher jedes Gleitlager mit dem Eintrittskanal unmittelbar verbunden ist, besitzt das Durchlasssytem einen das Gleitlager umgehenden Abschnitt, der durch das Ventilorgan beherrscht ist. Im Normalbetrieb kann das Ventilorgan den umgehenden Abschnitt absperren und dieser kann für einen Spülbetrieb, z.B bei der Reinigung mit einem Spülmittel freigegeben werden, um den Druck auf der mit dem Eintritt verbundenen Lagerseite zu erhöhen und damit erhöhte Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des Spülstromes zu erzeugen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which each slide bearing is directly connected to the inlet channel, the passage system has a section which bypasses the slide bearing and is controlled by the valve member. In normal operation, the valve member can shut off the immediate section and this can be for one Flushing operation, for example when cleaning with a detergent, are released in order to increase the pressure on the bearing side connected to the inlet and thus generate increased flow rates of the flushing stream.

Gemäss einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Ventilorgan zwischen dem Gleitlager und dem Eintrittskanal angeordnet und lässt damit den Druck auf dieser Lagerseite verändern bzw. für die Reinigung mit einem Spülmittel erhöhen. Dabei gelingt es auch, für den Lagerschmierstrom Anpassungen an die Fliesseigenschaften unterschiedlicher geförderter Medien, wie z.B. des bei einer Reinigung vor Ort verwendeten Spülmittels, die sich von jenen des bestimmungsgemäss zu fördernden Produktes stark unterscheiden können, vorzunehmen.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the valve member is arranged between the slide bearing and the inlet channel and can thus change the pressure on this bearing side or increase it for cleaning with a detergent. It is also possible to adapt the bearing lubrication flow to the flow properties of different pumped media, e.g. of the detergent used for on-site cleaning, which can differ significantly from that of the product to be conveyed as intended.

Nachfolgend sind mehrere beispielsweise Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemässen Zahnradpumpe sowie Verfahren zu deren Betrieb anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Prinzipschema des Durchlasssystems der Zahnradpumpe nach der ersten Ausführungsform;
Fig. 2
ein Fliesschema entsprechend der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
die zweite Ausführungsform in einem weiteren Prinzipschema.
Several exemplary embodiments of the gear pump according to the invention and methods for their operation are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic diagram of the passage system of the gear pump according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 2
a flow diagram according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and
Fig. 3
the second embodiment in a further schematic diagram.

Mit 2 ist in Fig. 1 allgemein eine Zahnradpumpe bezeichnet, die einen Eintrittskanal 4 sowie einen Austrittskanal 6 für ein zu förderndes Produkt besitzt. Ein Durchlasssystem 8 ist schematisch als den Austrittskanal 6 mit dem Eintrittskanal 4 verbindend dargestellt und umfasst die für einen Lagerschmierstrom vorhandenen Abschnitte. Vereinfachend ist dabei nur ein Lager 12 dargestellt und dieses für die schematische Darstellung mit dem Laufspielspalten desselben gleichgesetzt. Zwischen dem Austrittskanal 6 und der Druckseite 14 des Lagers 12 ist schematisierend ein Durchlassabschnitt 10 dargestellt, der die bei Innenlagerung vorhandene Verbindung zur Druckseite der Zahnradpumpe andeutet. Anderseits ist der Eintrittskanal 4, der an der Saugseite der Pumpe 2 liegt, mit der Niederdruckseite 16 des Lagers 12 über einen Durchlassabschnitt 18 verbunden.1 in FIG. 1 generally designates a gear pump, which has an inlet channel 4 and an outlet channel 6 for a product to be conveyed. A passage system 8 is shown schematically as connecting the outlet channel 6 to the inlet channel 4 and comprises the sections available for a bearing lubrication flow. To simplify matters, only one bearing 12 is shown and this is equated with the running play columns of the same for the schematic representation. Between the outlet channel 6 and the pressure side 14 of the bearing 12, a passage section 10 is shown schematically, which indicates the connection to the pressure side of the gear pump that is present during internal storage. On the other hand, the inlet channel 4, which is located on the suction side of the pump 2, is connected to the low-pressure side 16 of the bearing 12 via a passage section 18.

Das Durchlassystem 8 weist einen Bypassabschnitt 20 auf, der die Niederdruckseite 16 des Lagers 12 mit dem Austrittskanal 6 bzw. der Druckseite der Zahnradpumpe 2 verbindet. Der Bypassabschnitt 20 enthält ein verstellbares Ventilorgan 22 in Form eines Drosselventiles.The passage system 8 has a bypass section 20, which connects the low-pressure side 16 of the bearing 12 to the outlet channel 6 or the pressure side of the gear pump 2. The bypass section 20 contains an adjustable valve member 22 in the form of a throttle valve.

Im Fliesschema nach Fig. 2 ist das Durchlassystem 8 im Zusammenhang mit einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung der Zahnradpumpe 2 gezeigt. Diese umfasst Zahnradkörper 32 und 34, die in einem Gehäuse 30 angeordnet sind und deren Lagerzapfen 36 von Gleitlagerbüchsen 12a der Lager 12 aufgenommen werden. Die Antriebswelle 38 des Zahnradkörpers 32 ist aus dem Gehäuse 30 herausgeführt und mit einem nicht dargestellten Antriebsmotor gekuppelt. Die Lagerzapfen 36 der Zahnradkörper 32 und 34 begrenzen zusammen mit den Gleitlagerbüchsen 12a vergrössert dargestellte Laufspielspalte 12b. Die Zahnradkörper 32 bzw. 34 umfassen miteinander kämmende Zahnräder 42 und 44. An den diesen abgekehrten Seiten der Lager 12 schliesst beidseits je ein Sammelraum 46 an. Beide Sammelräume 46 sind über sich vereinigende Stränge des Durchlassabschnittes 18 mit der Eintrittsseite 4 der Pumpe 2 verbunden. Bei 48 sind Wellendichtungen angedeutet, die die Sammelräume 46 zusammen mit der Antriebswelle 38 gegen aussen abdichten.In the flow diagram according to FIG. 2, the passage system 8 is shown in connection with a schematic sectional illustration of the gear pump 2. This comprises gear bodies 32 and 34, which are arranged in a housing 30 and whose bearing journals 36 are received by plain bearing bushes 12a of the bearings 12. The drive shaft 38 of the gear body 32 is led out of the housing 30 and coupled to a drive motor, not shown. The bearing journals 36 of the gearwheel bodies 32 and 34 together with the plain bearing bushes 12a limit the size illustrated running game column 12b. The gearwheel bodies 32 and 34 comprise intermeshing gearwheels 42 and 44. On the sides of the bearings 12 facing away from them, there is a collecting space 46 on both sides. Both collecting spaces 46 are connected to the inlet side 4 of the pump 2 via unifying strands of the passage section 18. Shaft seals are indicated at 48, which seal the plenums 46 together with the drive shaft 38 against the outside.

Aus der vorstehenden Erläuterung der Fig. 2 wird schon klar, dass der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Durchlassabschnitt 10 die Verbindung zwischen dem die Zahnräder 42, 44 aufnehmenden Innenraum des Gehäuses 30 und den Laufspielspalten 12b der Lager 12 andeutet. An den den Zahnrädern 42 und 44 zugekehrten Seiten der Spalte 12b herrscht mithin annähernd der gleiche Druck, wie am Austritt 6 der Pumpe 2; diese Seiten entsprechen demnach der Druckseite 14 des Lager 12 in Fig. 1. Andererseits entsprechen die Sammelräume 46 in Fig. 2 der Niederdruckseite 16 dieses Lagers.It is already clear from the above explanation of FIG. 2 that the passage section 10 shown in FIG. 1 indicates the connection between the interior of the housing 30 receiving the gears 42, 44 and the clearance gaps 12b of the bearings 12. On the sides of the column 12b facing the gears 42 and 44 there is therefore approximately the same pressure as at the outlet 6 of the pump 2; accordingly, these sides correspond to the pressure side 14 of the bearing 12 in FIG. 1. On the other hand, the collecting spaces 46 in FIG. 2 correspond to the low pressure side 16 of this bearing.

Wie nun aus der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 weiter deutlich wird, ist der Bypassabschnitt 20 nach Fig. 1 in zwei Stränge verzweigt, die je an einen der Sammelräume 46 angeschlossen sind. Jeder der Stränge enthält dabei ein Ventilorgan 22. Es bleibt nachzutragen, dass die Ventilorgane 22 mit einer nicht dargestellten, elektromagnetische Betätigungsorgane aufweisenden Steuereinrichtung verbunden sind. Selbstverständlich können die Betätigungsorgane alternativ pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Art sein.2, the bypass section 20 according to FIG. 1 is branched into two strands, each of which is connected to one of the collecting spaces 46. Each of the strands contains a valve member 22. It must be added that the valve members 22 are connected to a control device, not shown, which has electromagnetic actuating members. Of course, the actuators can alternatively be of a pneumatic or hydraulic type.

Im normalen Förderbetrieb der Pumpe 2 sind die Ventilorgane 22 üblicherweise vollständig geschlossen, so dass kein gefördertes Produkt den Bypassabschnitt 20 durchströmen kann. Soll die Pumpe 2, z.B. nach einem abgeschlossenen Fördervorgang bzw. der Förderung eines anderen Produktes gereinigt werden, wobei die Pumpe ein Spülmittel fördert, so können die Sammelräume 46 durch Oeffnen beider Ventilorgane 22 unmittelbar, d.h. unter Umgehung der Lager 12, mit einem Spülstrom dieses Spülmittels beschickt werden. Da der nun über die Stränge des Bypassababschnittes 20 fliessende Spülstrom von der Druckseite 6 der Pumpe 2 abgeleitet ist, lassen sich auf der Niederdruckseite 16 der Lager 12 gegenüber dem Schmierstrom erheblich höhere Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten erreichen. In den potentiellen Totraumbereichen allfällig vorhandene Produktablagerungen werden damit zuverlässig ausgespült und über die Stränge des Durchlassabschnittes 18 abgeleitet. Es kann zweckmässig sein, nicht beide Ventilorgane 22 in gleichem Mass zu öffnen, um unterschiedlichen Strömungsverhältnissen in den beiden Sammelräumen 46 Rechnung zu tragen. Der Oeffnungsgrad der Ventilorgane kann veränderlich und damit den Fliesseigenschaften eines Spülmittels anpassbar ausgestaltet sein.In normal conveying operation of the pump 2, the valve members 22 are usually completely closed, so that no conveyed product can flow through the bypass section 20. If the pump 2, e.g. after a completed conveying process or the conveying of another product, the pump conveying a detergent, the collecting spaces 46 can be opened directly by opening both valve members 22, i.e. bypassing the bearing 12, can be charged with a flushing stream of this flushing agent. Since the flushing flow now flowing via the strands of the bypass section 20 is derived from the pressure side 6 of the pump 2, considerably higher flow velocities can be achieved on the low pressure side 16 of the bearings 12 compared to the lubrication flow. Any product deposits present in the potential dead space areas are thus reliably rinsed out and drained off via the strands of the passage section 18. It may be expedient not to open both valve members 22 to the same extent in order to take into account different flow conditions in the two collecting spaces 46. The degree of opening of the valve members can be designed to be variable and thus adaptable to the flow properties of a detergent.

Da der vom Bypassabschnitt 20 stammende Spülstrom die Tendenz hat, den über die Lager 12 normalerweise fliessenden Strom zu drosseln, kann es weiterhin zweckmässig sein, die Ventilorgane während des Reinigungsbetriebes nur phasenweise zu öffnen. Dies ermöglicht den freien Abfluss des nun durch das Spülmittel gebildeten Lagerschmierstromes und gestattet, auch die Lagerspalte 12b zuverlässig zu reinigen.Since the rinsing flow originating from the bypass section 20 has the tendency to throttle the flow normally flowing through the bearings 12, it may also be expedient to open the valve members only in phases during the cleaning operation. This enables the bearing lubricant stream now formed by the flushing agent to flow freely and also allows the bearing gaps 12b to be reliably cleaned.

Die vorstehend erläuterte Spülwirkung des aus dem Bypassabschnitt 20 stammenden Stromes lässt sich in gewissen Anwendungen im Produktförderbetrieb ebenfalls vorteilhaft ausnützen. Bei sensitiven Produkten kann durch z.B. periodisches Oeffnen der Ventilorgane erreicht werden, dass nunmehr ein aus dem Produkt gebildeter Spülstrom die Sammelräume 46 und damit auch die potentiellen Toträume durchfliesst und dabei der Bildung von Ablagerungen in diesen entgegenwirkt oder diese Ablagerungen vermeidet. Den Fliesseigenschaften des jeweiligen Produktes kann bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung der Ventilorgane und ihrer Betätigung durch Einstellen eines entsprechenden Oeffnungsgrades Rechnung getragen werden.The rinsing effect of the stream originating from the bypass section 20 explained above can also be used advantageously in certain applications in product conveying operation. For sensitive products, e.g. Periodic opening of the valve members can be achieved so that a rinsing stream formed from the product now flows through the collecting spaces 46 and thus also through the potential dead spaces and thereby counteracts the formation of deposits in these or avoids these deposits. The flow properties of the respective product can be taken into account with a corresponding design of the valve elements and their actuation by setting an appropriate degree of opening.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 unterscheidet sich von jenem nach Fig. 1 und 2 hauptsächlich dadurch, dass das Durchlassystem ohne einen Bypassabschnitt auskommt. Das in Fig. 3 mit 50 bezeichnete Durchlassystem enthält in seinem an die Niederdruckseite 16 des Lagers 12 anschliessenden Durchlassabschnitt 52 ein als Drosselventil ausgestaltetes Ventilorgan 54, das elektromagnetisch betätigbar sein kann. Dieses Ventilorgan ist bei der normalen Produktförderung beispielsweise halb offen und gestattet nur den Abfluss des für den Betrieb benötigten Lagerschmierstromes. Für den Reinigungsbetrieb, bei welchem die internen Verluste in der Föderleistung der Pumpe 2 ohne Bedeutung sind, wird das Ventilorgan 54 dagegen voll geöffnet. Damit kann der das Lager 12 umfassende Teil des Durchlasssystemes und können insbesondere die potentiellen Toträume auf der Niederdruckseite dieses Lagers mit einem Spülstrom erhöhter Geschwindigkeit ausgewaschen werden. Es versteht sich, dass obwohl nur ein Lager erwähnt und gezeigt ist, das Durchlasssystem auch hier sämtliche Lager der Pumpe 2 umfasst und dass der Abschnitt 52 für jede Gehäuseseite je einen entsprechenden Strang sowie gegebenenfalls je ein Ventilorgan 54 aufweisen kann. Auch hier kann anstelle einer elektromagnetischen Betätigung des bzw. der Ventilorgane ein hydraulisches oder pneumatisches Betätigungsorgan vorgesehen sein.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 and 2 mainly in that the passage system does not require a bypass section. The passage system denoted by 50 in FIG. 3 contains in its passage section 52 adjoining the low-pressure side 16 of the bearing 12 a valve member 54 designed as a throttle valve, which can be actuated electromagnetically. This valve element is, for example, half open in normal product delivery and only allows the outflow of the bearing lubrication flow required for operation. In contrast, the valve member 54 is fully opened for the cleaning operation, in which the internal losses in the output of the pump 2 are irrelevant. The part of the passage system comprising the bearing 12 and, in particular, the potential dead spaces on the low-pressure side of this bearing can thus be washed out with a flushing stream of increased speed. It It goes without saying that although only one bearing is mentioned and shown, the passage system here also includes all bearings of the pump 2 and that the section 52 can have a corresponding line for each side of the housing and, if appropriate, a valve member 54. Here too, instead of an electromagnetic actuation of the valve member (s), a hydraulic or pneumatic actuation member can be provided.

Es besteht auch bei dieser Ausführungsform die Möglichkeit, vom Ventilorgan im Produktföderbetrieb ebenfalls Gebrauch zu machen. Durch Veränderung des Oeffnungsgrades des Ventilorganes lässt sich der Lagerschmierstrom unabhängig von anderen Betriebsparametern beeinflussen. Der Lagerschmierstrom kann mithin dem Fliessverhalten des Produktes angepasst werden oder es kann dieser während des Förderbetriebes für ein Produkt verändert werden.In this embodiment, too, there is the possibility of also making use of the valve member in product delivery mode. By changing the degree of opening of the valve member, the bearing lubrication flow can be influenced independently of other operating parameters. The bearing lubrication flow can therefore be adjusted to the flow behavior of the product or it can be changed during the conveyor operation for a product.

Die Erfindung lässt sich mit Erfolg auch dort anwenden, wo Produkte zu fördern sind, die durch thermische und/oder mechanische Einflüsse bei der Lagerschmierung degradieren. Bei solchen Produkten wird der Lagerschmierstrom nicht zum Eintrittskanal 4 zurückgeführt, sondern getrennt abgeleitet. Bei einer erfindungsgemäss ausgestalteten Zahnradpumpe ist ein Ventilorgan für diesen Anwendungsfall im Ableitabschnitt oder in jedem der Stränge desselben angeordnet und gestattet, die Strömung durch die Lager im vorstehend erläuterten Sinn zu beeinflussen.The invention can also be used successfully where products are to be conveyed which degrade due to thermal and / or mechanical influences during bearing lubrication. In such products, the bearing lubrication flow is not returned to the inlet channel 4, but is diverted separately. In a gear pump designed according to the invention, a valve member for this application is arranged in the discharge section or in each of the strands thereof and allows the flow through the bearings to be influenced in the manner explained above.

Claims (9)

Zahnradpumpe, insbesondere zur Förderung pastöser Produkte, mit einem je einen Eintrittskanal (4) und je einen Austrittskanal (6) aufweisenden Gehäuse (30), Zahnradkörpern (32, 34) deren Lagerzapfen (36) in im Gehäuse vorgesehenen Gleitlagern (12) drehbar abgestützt sind, sowie mit einem die Gleitlager enthaltenden und mit dem Austrittskanal verbundenen Durchlassystem (8), das die Zirkulation eines Leckstromes des geförderten Produktes erlaubt, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Durchlassystem zur Beeinflussung der Strömung an der Niederdruckseite (16, 46) der Gleitlager mindestens ein verstellbares Ventilorgan (22) enthält.
Gear pump, in particular for conveying pasty products, with a housing (30) each having an inlet channel (4) and an outlet channel (6), gear bodies (32, 34) whose bearing journals (36) are rotatably supported in slide bearings (12) provided in the housing and with a passage system (8) containing the slide bearings and connected to the outlet channel, which allows the circulation of a leakage flow of the conveyed product, characterized in that
that the passage system for influencing the flow on the low pressure side (16, 46) of the slide bearings contains at least one adjustable valve member (22).
Zahnradpumpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventilorgan (22) in einem die Gleitlager (12) umgehenden Bypassabschnitt (20) angeordnet ist.Gear pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve member (22) is arranged in a bypass section (20) bypassing the slide bearings (12). Zahnradpumpe nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher die Gleitlager (12) jeder Seite der Zahnkörper (32, 34) über je einen gemeinsamen Strang eines Durchlassabschnittes (18) mit dem Einlasskanal (4) verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Durchlasssystem für die Gleitlager jeder Seite einen dieses umgehenden und von vorzugsweise je einem Ventilorgan (22) beherrschten Strang des Bypassabschnittes (20) aufweist.Gear pump according to Claim 2, in which the slide bearings (12) on each side of the tooth bodies (32, 34) are each connected to the inlet channel (4) via a common strand of a passage section (18), characterized in that the passage system for the slide bearings each Side one of this immediate and preferably one each Has valve member (22) controlled strand of the bypass section (20). Zahnradpumpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein vorzugsweise als Drossel ausgebildetes Ventilorgan (22) der Niederdruckseite (16) der Gleitlager (12) zugeordnet ist.Gear pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that a valve member (22), which is preferably designed as a throttle, is assigned to the low-pressure side (16) of the slide bearings (12). Zahnradpumpe nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventilorgan (22) zwischen dem Lager (12) und dem Eintrittskanal (4) angeordnet ist.Gear pump according to claim 4, characterized in that the valve member (22) is arranged between the bearing (12) and the inlet channel (4). Verfahren zum Betrieb von Zahnradpumpen, bei welchen im Förderbetrieb die Lager von einem zum Einlasskanal zurückgeführten Leckstrom des geförderten Mediums geschmiert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömungsverhältnisse an der mit dem Einlasskanal verbundenen Lagerseite verändert werden.Method for operating gear pumps, in which the bearings are lubricated in the conveying mode by a leakage flow of the conveyed medium which is returned to the inlet channel, characterized in that the flow conditions on the bearing side connected to the inlet channel are changed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömungsverhältnisse während der Förderung eines bestimmten Mediums zeitweilig verändert werden.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the flow conditions are temporarily changed during the delivery of a certain medium. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömungsverhältnisse in Abhängigkeit vom geförderten Medium verändert werden.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the flow conditions are changed depending on the medium being pumped. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, bei welchem im Reinigungsbetrieb der Zahnradpumpe die Lager von einem Leckstrom eines vom Produkt abweichenden Spülmittels durchflossen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leckstrommenge des Spülmittels gegenüber jener des Produktes verändert wird.A method according to claim 8, in which in the cleaning operation of the gear pump, the bearings are flowed through by a leakage of a detergent different from the product, characterized in that the amount of leakage of the detergent is changed compared to that of the product.
EP92103029A 1991-02-27 1992-02-24 Gear pump Expired - Lifetime EP0501362B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH593/91A CH684954A5 (en) 1991-02-27 1991-02-27 Gear pump.
CH593/91 1991-02-27

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EP0501362A1 true EP0501362A1 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0501362B1 EP0501362B1 (en) 1995-08-02

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DE4425227A1 (en) * 1994-07-16 1996-01-18 Abb Patent Gmbh Gear pump for conveying paint
WO1997022807A2 (en) * 1995-12-18 1997-06-26 Ingenieurkontor Für Maschinenkonstruktion Gmbh Vane pump for conveying viscous substances

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EP1454062B1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2008-02-13 Kreyenborg Verwaltungen und Beteiligungen GmbH & Co. KG Feed pump for fluidic media
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DE4425227A1 (en) * 1994-07-16 1996-01-18 Abb Patent Gmbh Gear pump for conveying paint
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WO1997022807A3 (en) * 1995-12-18 1997-11-13 Ingenieurkontor Fuer Maschinen Vane pump for conveying viscous substances

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CH684954A5 (en) 1995-02-15
EP0501362B1 (en) 1995-08-02
US5253988A (en) 1993-10-19
DE59203068D1 (en) 1995-09-07

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