EP0499832B1 - Projectile for shoulder arm - Google Patents

Projectile for shoulder arm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0499832B1
EP0499832B1 EP92101217A EP92101217A EP0499832B1 EP 0499832 B1 EP0499832 B1 EP 0499832B1 EP 92101217 A EP92101217 A EP 92101217A EP 92101217 A EP92101217 A EP 92101217A EP 0499832 B1 EP0499832 B1 EP 0499832B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tin layer
projectile
casing
core
lead
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92101217A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0499832A1 (en
Inventor
Kurt Dr. Ballreich
Helmut Neubert
Horst Dr. Rammensee
Hartmut Vieweg
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/80—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile, in particular for firing from small arms, with a core and a one- or two-part jacket which encloses the core at least in the guide part and at the rear.
  • Mantle bullets or solid bullets for handgun ammunition create deposits when they pass through the gun barrel. These consist essentially of the material of the guide part of the shell.
  • the projectile jackets can e.g. made of tombac alloys, copper, copper-nickel alloys etc. consist.
  • either the metallic lead that forms during the implementation of the primer charge or the lead that is erosively removed from the rear of the projectile acts as an inhibitor for the formation of deposits.
  • Ignition charges containing lead to ignite the propellant charge are avoided, e.g. by using ignition kits described in EP-A-0 031 045, which contain zinc peroxide as the sole or partial oxidant, deposits occur in the barrel when projectiles are closed at the rear. These lead to narrowing of the barrel and the associated increases in gas pressure, which endanger the shooter, and to a decrease in the precision of the projectile. This effect can already be seen after firing about 3000 shots, which are quickly achieved with rapid firearms. This problem affects in particular long arms from 4.7 to 12.7 mm caliber.
  • a projectile in particular for firing from small arms, with a core and a jacket which encloses the core at least in the guide part and at the rear, which is characterized in that the jacket is provided with a layer of tin on its outer surface.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a projectile in a partially sectioned representation, with a core 1 of preferably lead and a two-part jacket 2, which - as can be clearly seen in FIG. 3 - is provided with a tin support 3.
  • the jacket 2 is closed at its front end and accordingly at the rear end with the flanged disc-shaped cover 2 'of z.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a projectile in a partially sectioned illustration, with a core 1 and a one-piece jacket 2 which is open at the tip and which is provided with a tin coating 3 on the outer surface.
  • Fig. 3 shows the detail Z of Figures 1 and 2 in an enlarged view, from which it can be seen that the jacket 2 consists of an inner steel layer 2a facing the core 1 and an outer tombac layer 2b, on which the tin layer 3 is arranged .
  • the shell 2 of a projectile can consist of one layer of a material (e.g. steel or tombac) or of two layers 2a, 2b of different materials arranged one above the other.
  • a material e.g. steel or tombac
  • the inner layer 2a of the casing facing the core 1 is made, for example, of steel and the outer layer 2b arranged thereon is made of another material, for example of tombac plated on.
  • the tin layer 3 is arranged on the outer layer 2b.
  • the tin layer 3 is arranged on the outside thereof.
  • the thickness of the tin layer 3 is preferably between 0.5 and 5 ⁇ m. It is already sufficient if the projectile is coated with this tin layer 3 only in the guide part, that is to say in the region of the projectile with which it comes into direct contact with the barrel interior. Here, the entire surface of the guide part does not have to be provided with a tin layer 3, but an annular or segment-shaped area is sufficient, which makes up at least 25% of the area of the guide part.
  • tin application 3 in the area of the projectile guide part, but only in the rear part of the projectile.
  • the action of the propellant charge and ignition charge reaction products causes an erosive removal of metallic tin, which then has a deposit-inhibiting effect during the barrel.
  • the projectiles according to the invention are produced by electrolytic (galvanic) application or fire plating of the tin layer 3 onto the projectile jacket blank in a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 4 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the layer is reduced to 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention also relates to a cartridge, in particular for use in small arms, with a sleeve, a propellant charge, a primer and a projectile , which has a core and a jacket 2 enclosing this at least in the guide and at the rear part, the cartridge being characterized in that the primer consists of a lead-free substance or a lead-free mixture of substances and the jacket is provided on its outer surface with a tin layer 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile, especially for firing from portable firearms, having a core (1) and a casing (2), the casing being equipped with a tin layer (3) on its outer surface. The invention relates, furthermore, to a cartridge having such a projectile. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Geschoß, insbesondere zum Verschießen aus Handfeuerwaffen, mit einem Kern und einem ein- oder zweiteiligen Mantel, welcher den Kern wenigstens im Führungsteil und am Heck umschließt.The invention relates to a projectile, in particular for firing from small arms, with a core and a one- or two-part jacket which encloses the core at least in the guide part and at the rear.

Mantelgeschosse oder Massivgeschosse für Handfeuerwaffen-Munition erzeugen beim Durchgang durch das Waffenrohr Ablagerungen. Diese bestehen im wesentlichen aus dem Material des Führungsteils des Geschoßmantels. Die Geschoßmäntel können z.B. aus Tombak-Legierungen, Kupfer, Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen u.a. bestehen.Mantle bullets or solid bullets for handgun ammunition create deposits when they pass through the gun barrel. These consist essentially of the material of the guide part of the shell. The projectile jackets can e.g. made of tombac alloys, copper, copper-nickel alloys etc. consist.

Die Bildung dieser Ablagerungen ist stark abhängig von der Laufkonfiguration, von den Maßen und der Ausführung des Laufinneren (z.B. Feld/Zug-Rohr, Polygon-Rohr) und der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des Laufinneren. Sie sind ferner abhängig von der Innenballistik. Als ablagerungshemmend wirkt, wie Ergebnisse gezeigt haben, eine Verwendung von Anzündsätzen mit Bleitrinitroresorcinat (z.B. Sinoxid-Anzündsätze) in den diesen Geschossen zugeordneten Patronenhülsen.The formation of these deposits is strongly dependent on the barrel configuration, the dimensions and design of the barrel interior (e.g. field / draft tube, polygon tube) and the surface condition of the barrel interior. They are also dependent on the interior ballistics. As results have shown, the use of igniter kits with lead trinitroresorcinate (eg sinoxide igniter kits) in the cartridge cases assigned to these storeys acts as a deposit inhibitor.

Auch beim Verschuß von Geschossen mit einem "offenen" Heckteil, bei dem der Bleikern des Geschosses offenliegt, werden nur geringe oder keine Ablagerungen beobachtet.Even when firing projectiles with an "open" rear part, in which the lead core of the projectile is exposed, little or no deposits are observed.

In beiden Fällen wirkt entweder das bei der Umsetzung des Anzündsatzes sich bildende metallische Blei oder das erosiv aus dem Geschoßheck abgetragene Blei als Inhibitor für die Ausbildung von Ablagerungen.In both cases, either the metallic lead that forms during the implementation of the primer charge or the lead that is erosively removed from the rear of the projectile acts as an inhibitor for the formation of deposits.

In beiden Fällen findet jedoch beim Abfeuern des Geschosses eine Emission von bleihaltigen Dämpfen statt, welche sich umwelt- und gesundheitsbelastend auswirken.In both cases, however, when the projectile is fired, lead-containing vapors are emitted, which is harmful to the environment and human health.

Werden Blei enthaltende Anzündsätze zum Zünden der Treibladung vermieden, z.B. durch Verwendung von in der EP-A-0 031 045 beschriebenen Anzündsätzen, die Zinkperoxid als alleiniges oder anteiliges Oxidationsmittel enthalten, so kommt es beim Verschießen von am Heck geschlossenen Geschoßkörpern zu Ablagerungen im Lauf. Diese führen zu Laufverengungen und damit verbundenen Gasdrucksteigerungen mit Gefährdung des Schützen sowie zum Nachlassen der Geschoßpräzision. Dieser Effekt ist bereits nach dem Abfeuern von etwa 3000 Schuß zu beobachten, welche bei Schnellfeuerwaffen schnell erreicht sind. Diese Problematik betrifft insbesondere Langwaffen vom Kaliber 4,7 bis 12,7 mm.Ignition charges containing lead to ignite the propellant charge are avoided, e.g. by using ignition kits described in EP-A-0 031 045, which contain zinc peroxide as the sole or partial oxidant, deposits occur in the barrel when projectiles are closed at the rear. These lead to narrowing of the barrel and the associated increases in gas pressure, which endanger the shooter, and to a decrease in the precision of the projectile. This effect can already be seen after firing about 3000 shots, which are quickly achieved with rapid firearms. This problem affects in particular long arms from 4.7 to 12.7 mm caliber.

Dementsprechend bestand das Problem, ein Geschoß zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die ablagerungsverhindernden Vorteile der oben beschriebenen Geschosse mit offenem Bleiheck besitzt, bei dem es jedoch beim Verschießen unter Verwendung bleifreier Anzündsätze zu keiner Emission bleienthaltender Dämpfe kommt. Die Verwendung bleienthaltender Anzündsätze sollte gleichzeitig vermieden werden können.Accordingly, there has been a problem in providing a projectile which has the deposition-preventing advantages of the above-described open-lead projectiles, but which does not cause lead-containing vapors to be emitted when fired using lead-free primers. At the same time, the use of lead-containing primers should be avoided.

Das Problem wurde erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Geschoß, insbesondere zum Verschießen aus Handfeuerwaffen, mit einem Kern und einem Mantel, welcher den Kern wenigstens im Führungsteil und am Heck umschließt, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Mantel auf seiner Außenfläche mit einer Zinnschicht versehen ist.The problem was solved according to the invention by a projectile, in particular for firing from small arms, with a core and a jacket which encloses the core at least in the guide part and at the rear, which is characterized in that the jacket is provided with a layer of tin on its outer surface.

Nachfolgend werden anhand der Figuren Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Geschosses in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung,
Fig. 2
eine andere Ausführungsform eines Geschosses in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung, und
Fig. 3
die Einzelheit Z der Figuren 1 und 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a side view of a floor in a partially sectioned illustration,
Fig. 2
another embodiment of a floor in a partially sectioned representation, and
Fig. 3
the detail Z of Figures 1 and 2 in an enlarged view.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines Geschosses in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung, mit einem Kern 1 aus vorzugsweise Blei und einem zweiteiligen Mantel 2, der auf der Außenfläche - wie in Fig. 3 deutlich zu erkennen - mit einer Zinnauflage 3 versehen ist. Der Mantel 2 ist an seinem vorderen Ende geschlossen und dementsprechend am heckseitigen Ende mit der eingebördelten scheibenförmigen Abdeckung 2' aus z. B. Stahl, Messing, Kupfer oder dgl. versehen, die den Kern 1 überdeckt.Fig. 1 shows a side view of a projectile in a partially sectioned representation, with a core 1 of preferably lead and a two-part jacket 2, which - as can be clearly seen in FIG. 3 - is provided with a tin support 3. The jacket 2 is closed at its front end and accordingly at the rear end with the flanged disc-shaped cover 2 'of z. B. steel, brass, copper or the like. That covers the core 1.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform eines Geschosses in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung, mit einem Kern 1 und einem an der Spitze offenen einteiligen Mantel 2, der auf der Außenfläche mit einer Zinnauflage 3 versehen ist.FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a projectile in a partially sectioned illustration, with a core 1 and a one-piece jacket 2 which is open at the tip and which is provided with a tin coating 3 on the outer surface.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Einzelheit Z der Figuren 1 und 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung, anhand derer zu erkennen ist, daß der Mantel 2 aus einer inneren, dem Kern 1 zugewandten Stahlschicht 2a und einer äußeren Tombakschicht 2b besteht, auf welcher die Zinnschicht 3 angeordnet ist.Fig. 3 shows the detail Z of Figures 1 and 2 in an enlarged view, from which it can be seen that the jacket 2 consists of an inner steel layer 2a facing the core 1 and an outer tombac layer 2b, on which the tin layer 3 is arranged .

Der Mantel 2 eines Geschosses kann aus einer Schicht eines Materials (z.B. Stahl oder Tombak) oder aus zwei übereinander angeordneten Schichten 2a, 2b verschiedener Materialien bestehen. Im letzteren Fall besteht die innere, dem Kern 1 zugewandte Schicht 2a des Mantels beispielsweise aus Stahl und die darauf angeordnete, äußere Schicht 2b aus einem anderen Material, beispielsweise aus aufplattiertem Tombak. Auf der äußeren Schicht 2b ist die Zinnschicht 3 angeordnet.The shell 2 of a projectile can consist of one layer of a material (e.g. steel or tombac) or of two layers 2a, 2b of different materials arranged one above the other. In the latter case, the inner layer 2a of the casing facing the core 1 is made, for example, of steel and the outer layer 2b arranged thereon is made of another material, for example of tombac plated on. The tin layer 3 is arranged on the outer layer 2b.

Für den Fall, daß der Mantel 2 aus einer Schicht eines Materials besteht, ist die Zinnschicht 3 auf dessen Außenseite angeordnet.In the event that the jacket 2 consists of a layer of a material, the tin layer 3 is arranged on the outside thereof.

Die Dicke der Zinnschicht 3 beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 5 µm. Es ist bereits ausreichend, wenn das Geschoß lediglich im Führungsteil, also in dem Bereich des Geschosses, mit dem es direkt mit dem Laufinnern in Kontakt kommt, mit dieser Zinnschicht 3 überzogen ist. Hierbei muß auch nicht die gesamte Oberfläche des Führungsteils mit einer Zinnschicht 3 versehen sein, sondern es genügt ein ring- oder segmentförmiger Bereich, der wenigstens 25 % der Fläche des Führungsteils ausmacht.The thickness of the tin layer 3 is preferably between 0.5 and 5 μm. It is already sufficient if the projectile is coated with this tin layer 3 only in the guide part, that is to say in the region of the projectile with which it comes into direct contact with the barrel interior. Here, the entire surface of the guide part does not have to be provided with a tin layer 3, but an annular or segment-shaped area is sufficient, which makes up at least 25% of the area of the guide part.

In einigen Fällen genügt es auch, den Zinnauftrag 3 nicht im Bereich des Geschoßführungsteils aufzubringen, sondern lediglich im Heckteil des Geschosses. Die Einwirkung der Treibladungspulver- und Anzündsatzreaktionsprodukte bewirkt dabei eine erosive Abtragung von metallischem Zinn, welches dann im Lauf eine ablagerungshemmende Wirkung entfaltet.In some cases, it is also sufficient not to apply the tin application 3 in the area of the projectile guide part, but only in the rear part of the projectile. The action of the propellant charge and ignition charge reaction products causes an erosive removal of metallic tin, which then has a deposit-inhibiting effect during the barrel.

Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Geschosse erfolgt durch elektrolytischen (galvanischen) Auftrag oder Feuerplattierung der Zinnschicht 3 auf den Geschoßmantelrohling in einer Dicke von 1 bis 10 µm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 4 µm. Beim Ziehen des Rohlings zum Geschoßmantel verringert sich die Dicke der Schicht auf 0,5 bis 5 µm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 2 µm.The projectiles according to the invention are produced by electrolytic (galvanic) application or fire plating of the tin layer 3 onto the projectile jacket blank in a thickness of 1 to 10 μm, preferably 2 to 4 μm. When the blank is drawn to the projectile jacket, the thickness of the layer is reduced to 0.5 to 5 μm, preferably 1 to 2 μm.

Bei der Herstellung der Geschosse kommt noch ein weiterer Vorteil zum Tragen: Dieser besteht in der Tatsache, daß die Werkzeuge, mit denen das Geschoß gezogen oder weiterverarbeitet wird, nicht in dem Maße abnutzen wie ohne Zinnüberzug, da das Zinn in gewisser Weise wie ein Schmiermittel wirkt.There is another advantage to making the bullets: This is that the tools used to pull or process the bullet do not wear as much as without a tin coating, since the tin is somewhat like a lubricant works.

Sollte nur ein ring- oder segmentförmiger Zinnbereich im Führungsteil oder eine Zinnschicht 3 im Heckteil des Geschosses vorgesehen sein, so kann dies durch Berücksichtigung bei der Herstellung des Rohlings oder durch entsprechende Nachbearbeitung geschehen.If only a ring-shaped or segment-shaped tin region is provided in the guide part or a tin layer 3 in the rear part of the projectile, this can be done by taking into account the manufacture of the blank or by appropriate reworking.

Da die Verwendung der Zinnschicht 3 auf Geschossen insbesondere für Geschosse in Frage kommt, die mit Patronen mit bleifreiem Anzündsatz verschossen werden, betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung auch eine Patrone, insbesondere zur Verwendung in Handfeuerwaffen, mit einer Hülse, einer Treibladung, einem Anzündsatz und einem Geschoß, das einen Kern und einen diesen wenigstens im Führungs- und am Heckteil umschließenden Mantel 2 aufweist, wobei die Patrone dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Anzündsatz aus einer bleifreien Substanz oder einem bleifreien Substanzgemisch besteht und der Mantel auf seiner Außenfläche mit einer Zinnschicht 3 versehen ist.Since the use of the tin layer 3 on projectiles is particularly suitable for projectiles which are fired with cartridges with a lead-free primer, the present invention also relates to a cartridge, in particular for use in small arms, with a sleeve, a propellant charge, a primer and a projectile , which has a core and a jacket 2 enclosing this at least in the guide and at the rear part, the cartridge being characterized in that the primer consists of a lead-free substance or a lead-free mixture of substances and the jacket is provided on its outer surface with a tin layer 3 .

Als Geschosse kommen die vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen in Betracht, als Anzündsätze insbesondere solche mit Zinkperoxid als alleinigem oder anteiligen Oxidationsmittel gemäß der EP-A-0 031 045.The embodiments according to the invention described above come into consideration as projectiles, in particular those with zinc peroxide as the sole or partial oxidizing agent according to EP-A-0 031 045.

Claims (8)

  1. Shell, particularly for firing from small arms weapons, having a core (1) and a one or two part casing (2) which envelops the core (1) at least in the guidance part and at the rear, characterised in that the casing (2) is provided on its external surface with a tin layer (3).
  2. Shell according to claim 1, characterised in that the tin layer (3) has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 µm.
  3. Shell according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the tin layer (3) is arranged in the region of the guidance part of the casing (2).
  4. Shell according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the tin layer (3) extends annularly shaped or segmentally shaped over one part, being at least over 25%, of the surface of the guidance part.
  5. Shell according to claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the tin layer (3) is arranged in the region of the rear part of the casing (2).
  6. Shell according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the tin layer (3) is applied electrolytically or is dead plated on.
  7. Cartridge, in particular for use in small arms, having a casing, a propellent charge, an ignition charge for the propellent charge and a shell which has a core (1) and a one or two part casing (2) surrounding this at least in the guidance part and at the rear part, characterised in that the ignition charge consists of a lead-free substance or a lead-free mixture of substances and that the casing is provided on its outer surface with a tin layer (3).
  8. Cartridge according to claim 7, having a shell as defined in claims 2 to 6.
EP92101217A 1991-02-16 1992-01-25 Projectile for shoulder arm Expired - Lifetime EP0499832B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4104815 1991-02-16
DE4104815 1991-02-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0499832A1 EP0499832A1 (en) 1992-08-26
EP0499832B1 true EP0499832B1 (en) 1994-11-09

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ID=6425195

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EP92101217A Expired - Lifetime EP0499832B1 (en) 1991-02-16 1992-01-25 Projectile for shoulder arm

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EP (1) EP0499832B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE114044T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59200750D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9715023D0 (en) * 1997-07-17 1997-09-24 Eley Ltd Jacketed projectiles and their manufacture
DE59801093D1 (en) 1997-08-26 2001-08-30 Ruag Munition Thun COVERED BULLET WITH HARD CORE
US6209459B1 (en) * 1998-01-16 2001-04-03 Blount, Inc. Method for etching characters on bullets and bullets made by the method
GB2592403B (en) * 2020-02-27 2022-09-28 Bae Systems Plc Improvements relating to ammunition
CA3172854A1 (en) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Bae Systems Plc Improvements relating to ammunition

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT1098B (en) * 1899-03-30 1900-03-26 Wilhelm Brenneke
GB212078A (en) * 1923-02-17 1924-03-06 Archibald Campbell Goolden Improvements in driving bands for projectiles
DE542750C (en) * 1928-10-23 1932-01-28 Abt Nuernberg Vorm H Utendoerf Lead bullet

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EP0499832A1 (en) 1992-08-26
DE59200750D1 (en) 1994-12-15
ATE114044T1 (en) 1994-11-15

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