EP0578981A1 - Cartridge for training purposes - Google Patents

Cartridge for training purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578981A1
EP0578981A1 EP93109582A EP93109582A EP0578981A1 EP 0578981 A1 EP0578981 A1 EP 0578981A1 EP 93109582 A EP93109582 A EP 93109582A EP 93109582 A EP93109582 A EP 93109582A EP 0578981 A1 EP0578981 A1 EP 0578981A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
cartridge
casing
core
cartridge according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93109582A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hoffmann Kai
Feldenz Ottmar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metallwerk Elisenhuette GmbH
Original Assignee
Metallwerk Elisenhuette GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallwerk Elisenhuette GmbH filed Critical Metallwerk Elisenhuette GmbH
Publication of EP0578981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0578981A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cartridge which has a sleeve which contains a propellant charge and is provided with a primer at one end, and a projectile which is inserted into the sleeve mouth at the other end of the sleeve which is narrowed in cross section.
  • cartridges such as the NATO infantry ammunition have a soft-core projectile which contains a core made of softer material such as lead, which is completely enclosed by the shell, in a casing consisting of tombac-clad steel.
  • the cartridge case is selected in length and diameter so that it can hold a sufficient amount of propellant charge or powder charge, which builds up a sufficient gas pressure when fired to push the projectile out of the case and the barrel of the weapon with the necessary initial speed and also the Reload the weapon automatically.
  • Cartridges of this type have a firing range or range of around 4500 m, however a range of up to 6000 m must be expected as a safety limit. The accuracy of such ammunition is still very good even at longer distances, i.e. the hit field is relatively small even after several 100 m.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a cartridge suitable for training purposes or for practice shooting short range, which can be used in known and conventional self-loading weapons, without having to make modifications to the weapon or to have to insert conversion parts into the weapon.
  • the sleeve has the same dimensions and dimensions as cartridges for soft-core projectiles with a long range, the projectile of the cartridge according to the invention is very much lighter and, for example, also much shorter than a known soft-core projectile.
  • the projectile of the cartridge according to the invention has a lighter design and is expediently fired with a propellant charge, which should produce an internal ballistic that is as similar as possible to the soft-core cartridge, it has a higher initial speed than a known soft-core projectile for long ranges, but it loses because of its low cross-sectional load and a shape optimized for its intended use, it quickly speeds up, so that its range is a maximum of 1000 m - compared to approximately 4500 m in known soft-core projectiles.
  • the precision of the short-track projectile according to the invention is that of a known soft-core projectile comparable.
  • the locations of both ammunition meet approximately at this distance.
  • the point of impact of the cartridge according to the invention is already about 10 cm lower than in known soft-core projectiles.
  • the focus of the hit image is already about 1 m below that of the hit image of known conventional soft-core projectiles.
  • the core of the projectile which preferably consists of splinter-free, impact-resistant and X-ray-detectable plastic, ensures the low weight of the projectile, which ensures a short range, because this core can consist of relatively light plastic.
  • the projectile can also be made shorter than conventional soft-core projectiles.
  • the core of the projectile projects beyond the front end of the cup-shaped or bowl-shaped casing, which is designed as a sharp edge, in order to be able to give the projectile a practical range that is as short as possible, without having to keep the weight high.
  • the projectile according to the invention can also be designed as a solid jacket projectile with a light core.
  • the shell receiving the core or the cup-shaped casing of the projectile consists of metal and preferably hard metal such as tombac or steel coated with tombac and preferably hard-tough metal such as tombac and copper alloys or with galvanically tinned tombac-plated steel.
  • This shell or jacket forms the contact area between the projectile and the barrel of the weapon, so that the barrel of the weapon cannot come into contact with the plastic of the core of the projectile.
  • Such a contact would have the disadvantage that plastic could deposit on the inside of the barrel of the weapon and even burn into the barrel, in particular in the area of the barrel of the weapon and even inside the barrel, which could cause erosion, especially in the area of the field edges of the weapon.
  • the shell or the jacket of the The projectile can have a very small wall thickness because the deformations of the outside of the casing or casing caused by the barrel of the weapon cannot exert any harmful effects on the core of the projectile.
  • the invention provides a cartridge suitable for training purposes or for practice shooting, for example up to a distance of approximately 200 m, in which the range of the projectile is comparatively short, while this cartridge can be used in conventional weapons without conversion parts or additional parts and also provides the necessary gas pressure for the automatic reloading of these weapons.
  • this cartridge according to the invention is used in conventional gas pressure loaders, recoil loaders and weapons with translated mass-spring closures, these are fully functional without having to provide any conversion parts.
  • the protruding end of the insert or core made of plastic can loosen or fall off completely. However, this does not noticeably affect the direction of fire or even deflects the projectile in the target.
  • the projectile is comparable in shape and cross-sectional load to a pistol projectile. Experiments with longer projectiles were unsatisfactory in terms of precision.
  • the bullet of the cartridge according to the invention is a compromise between feedability and precision that can be used for training purposes.
  • the cartridge 1 has a slightly conical sleeve 2, in the narrowed neck 3 of which a projectile 4 is inserted, which FIG. 2 shows in detail.
  • a low-emission primer 6 is embedded in the bottom 5 of the latter.
  • Channels 7 form a connection to the interior 8 of the sleeve 2, which is filled with a powder propellant.
  • an extraction groove 9 is provided on the outside thereof.
  • the sleeve 2 corresponds in shape, length and outer contour to the cartridge cases of conventional rifle or MG ammunition, so that this sleeve fits into the cartridge chamber of such weapons without modifications or additional devices.
  • the floor 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is composed of two parts, namely a sleeve-shaped jacket 10, which has a closed bottom 11 and is open at the front end 12, and a full core 13, which completely fills the interior of the jacket 10 and with a rounded tip 14 protrudes beyond the front end 12 of the jacket 10.
  • the front end 12 of the jacket 10 forms a sharp edge, also referred to as a "sharp edge".
  • the jacket 10 is made of relatively hard material, preferably metal.
  • An example of this material is Tombak CuZn 10 or bronze Cu Sn 0.1.
  • the core 13, on the other hand, consists of lighter and also softer material, preferably of plastic with about 40% by weight of mineral filler and less than 1% by weight of copper powder, to make the floor 4 X-ray detectable.
  • the length of the projectile 4 is reduced compared to conventional ammunition projectiles. For example, it is approximately 20.5 mm compared to approximately 30 mm in known and customary soft-core projectiles of rifle and machine gun (MG) ammunition.
  • the weight of this shorter and lighter projectile 4 is about 3 g.
  • the jacket 10 has a cylindrical outer contour over the greater part of its length, but is tapered to its front end 12 via an arcuate conical section 15.
  • the tip 14 protruding from the jacket 10 of the core 13 consisting of a plastic mixture is rounded, similar to what is known, for example, from pistol ammunition.
  • the plastic core 13 of the projectile 4 does not come into contact with the inner wall of the barrel of the weapon. Even when the cartridge 1 is fired and the projectile 4 is expelled from the barrel of the weapon, the plastic core 13 of the projectile 4 does not come into contact with the barrel of the weapon.
  • the jacket 10 of the projectile 4 made of hard material such as metal, works its way into the trains of the weapon when the projectile is driven out, so that the projectile 4 receives the desired swirl.
  • the wall thickness of the casing 10 is chosen so that it fulfills its function, namely to prevent contact between the core 13 of the projectile and the barrel of the weapon and to give the projectile the desired swirl, but the wall thickness of the casing 10 should be so be kept as low as possible to save weight.
  • the length of the sleeve-shaped jacket 10 is also chosen to be small in view of this function.
  • the front end 12 of the jacket 10 forms a sharp-edged shoulder or coulter edge, which forms a kind of tear-off edge, so when Penetration of the projectile 4 in a target creates a sharp-edged and not torn out bullet hole and the hit can thus be clearly assigned to the markings on the target.
  • the free interior 8 of the sleeve 2 is so large that the amount of powdered propellant charge filled in it is sufficient to give the floor 4 a V-10 of approximately 1200 m / sec and to deliver a gas pressure of up to 3200 bar.
  • This gas pressure and its timing are not only sufficient to drive the projectile 4 out of the barrel of the weapon, but also provide the energy required for the automatic reloading of the weapon.
  • the floor 18 shown in FIG. 3 differs from floor 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in that it is a solid jacket floor. In other respects, however, the dimensions and choice of materials are the same for both types of storey.
  • the projectile 18 has a jacket 19 made of metal, such as tombac, which is cylindrical in the rear region and has a closed rounded tip 20 at the front end. At the transition between the cylindrical part of the casing 19 and the tip 20 there is a tear-off edge 21 which produces a similar effect to the sharp-edged end 12 of the casing 10 of the projectile 4, i.e. ensures a clean shot in a target.
  • the rear end of the jacket 19 contains an opening 23 which is reduced by the flared jacket and into which the core 24, which preferably consists of a mixture of plastic, mineral filler and copper powder, of the projectile has been pressed.
  • the plastic is expediently a polypropylene homopolymer.
  • a plastic mixture containing this material is environmentally friendly because it is groundwater neutral. Accordingly, it can be disposed of in the usual way, i.e. it does not require special landfills nor does it have to be incinerated for disposal.
  • a very good precision for practice ammunition can be achieved with the short-course cartridge according to the invention. This results in a hit image at a distance of about 100 m, the height and width of which add up to about 25 cm.
  • the maximum firing range is approximately 1000 m and the safety limit to be observed in the firing range is approximately 1200 m.
  • This practice ammunition can be used, for example, for 7.62 mm x 51 caliber firearms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

A cartridge (1) is published whose casing contains a propulsion charge (8). A detonating cap (6) is provided at one end of the casing. A bullet (4) which contains a plastic core (13) in a metal jacket (10) is inserted into the mouth of the casing, at the other end (3) of the cartridge, whose cross-section is tapered. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Patrone, die eine Hülse, welche eine Treibladung enthält und an einem Ende mit einem Zündhütchen versehen ist, und ein Geschoß, das in den Hülsenmund am anderen, im Querschnitt verengten Ende der Hülse eingesetzt ist, aufweist.The invention relates to a cartridge which has a sleeve which contains a propellant charge and is provided with a primer at one end, and a projectile which is inserted into the sleeve mouth at the other end of the sleeve which is narrowed in cross section.

Bekannte Patronen wie beispielsweise die Nato-Infanteriemuniton haben ein Weichkern-Geschoß, das in einer aus mit Tombak plattiertem Stahl bestehenden Hülle einen von der Hülle vollständig eingeschlossenen Kern aus weicheren Material wie Blei enthält. Die Patronenhülse ist in Länge und Durchmesser so gewählt, daß sie eine ausreichende Menge Treibladung bzw. Pulverladung aufnehmen kann, die beim Abfeuern einen genügend großen Gasdruck aufbaut, um das Geschoß aus der Hülse und dem Lauf der Waffe mit der notwendigen Anfangsgeschwindigkeit herauszudrücken und außerdem die Waffe erneut selbsttätig zu laden.Known cartridges such as the NATO infantry ammunition have a soft-core projectile which contains a core made of softer material such as lead, which is completely enclosed by the shell, in a casing consisting of tombac-clad steel. The cartridge case is selected in length and diameter so that it can hold a sufficient amount of propellant charge or powder charge, which builds up a sufficient gas pressure when fired to push the projectile out of the case and the barrel of the weapon with the necessary initial speed and also the Reload the weapon automatically.

Patronen dieser Art haben eine Schußweite oder Reichweist von etwa 4500 m, jedoch muß als Sicherheitsgrenze mit einer Reichweite von bis zu 6000 m gerechnet werden. Die Treffsicherheit derartiger Munition ist auch bei größeren Entfernungen noch sehr gut, d.h. das Trefferfeld ist auch nach mehreren 100 m verhältsnismäßig klein.Cartridges of this type have a firing range or range of around 4500 m, however a range of up to 6000 m must be expected as a safety limit. The accuracy of such ammunition is still very good even at longer distances, i.e. the hit field is relatively small even after several 100 m.

Für Übungszwecke oder Trainingszwecke sind die mit Weichkern-Geschossen erzielbaren Weiten nicht notwendig. Vielmehr wird nur aus kürzerer Entfernung geschossen, beispielsweise beim Scheibenschießen. Weit fliegende Geschosse müssen hinter den Scheiben aufgefangen werden, beispielsweise mittels eines Erdwalles oder einer anderen Fangeinrichtung Da Übungsschießen vielfach in begrenzten Regionen, beispielsweise auch innerhalb eines Truppenübungsplatzes, stattfindet, ist es wünschenswert, für derartige Zwecke Munition mit kurzer Reichweite zu benutzen, die auch eine verhältnismäßig geringe Sicherheitsgrenze erfordert. Dabei ist es andererseits von großer Bedeutung, derartige Munition in den üblichen Schußwaffen, beispielsweise FAL, BM 59 oder MG 3, verwenden zu können, ohne diese Schußwaffen für das Übungsschießen umbauen oder mit zusätzlichen Einbauten versehen zu müssen, da diese Umbauteile bei unsachgemäßer Handhabung den Schützen gefährden können.The widths achievable with soft-core projectiles are not necessary for training purposes. Rather, shooting is only from a shorter distance, for example when shooting at targets. Far-flying projectiles must be caught behind the targets, for example by means of an earth wall or other catching device. Since practice shooting is often in limited regions, for example also takes place within a military training area, it is desirable to use short-range ammunition for such purposes, which also requires a relatively low safety limit. On the other hand, it is of great importance to be able to use such ammunition in the usual firearms, for example FAL, BM 59 or MG 3, without having to convert these firearms for practice shooting or to provide them with additional internals, since these conversion parts prevent improper handling Protect shooters.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine für Trainingszwecke bzw. für das Übungsschießen geeignete Patrone kurzer Reichweite zu schaffen, welche in bekannten und üblichen Selbstladewaffen verwendet werden kann, ohne an der Waffe Umbauten vornehmen oder in die Waffe Umbauteile einsetzen zu müssen.The invention has for its object to provide a cartridge suitable for training purposes or for practice shooting short range, which can be used in known and conventional self-loading weapons, without having to make modifications to the weapon or to have to insert conversion parts into the weapon.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Patrone gelöst, welche die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 aufweist. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with a cartridge which has the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Während bei der erfindungsgemäßen Patrone die Hülse dieselben Dimensionen und Abmessungen wie Patronen für Weichkern-Geschosse großer Reichweite hat, ist das Geschoß der erfindunsgemäßen Patrone sehr viel leichter und beispielsweise auch sehr viel kürzer als ein bekanntes Weichkern-Geschoß ausgebildet. Das Geschoß der erfindungsgemäßen Patrone hat zwar, weil es leichter ausgebildet ist und zweckmäßig mit einer Treibladung , die einer der Weichkern-Patrone möglichst ähnliche Innenballistik erzeugen sollte, abgefeuert wird, eine höhere Anfangsgeschwindigkeit als ein bekanntes Weichkern-Geschoß für große Reichweiten, jedoch verliert es wegen seiner geringen Querschnittsbelastung und einer für seinen Anwendungszweck optimierten Form schnell an Geschwindigkeit, so daß seine Reichweite maximal 1000 m - gegenüber etwa 4500 m bei bekannten Weichkern-Geschossen - beträgt.While in the cartridge according to the invention the sleeve has the same dimensions and dimensions as cartridges for soft-core projectiles with a long range, the projectile of the cartridge according to the invention is very much lighter and, for example, also much shorter than a known soft-core projectile. Although the projectile of the cartridge according to the invention has a lighter design and is expediently fired with a propellant charge, which should produce an internal ballistic that is as similar as possible to the soft-core cartridge, it has a higher initial speed than a known soft-core projectile for long ranges, but it loses because of its low cross-sectional load and a shape optimized for its intended use, it quickly speeds up, so that its range is a maximum of 1000 m - compared to approximately 4500 m in known soft-core projectiles.

Auf Entfernungen von etwa 100 m ist die Präzision des erfindunsgemäßen Kurzbahn-Geschosses mit der eines bekannten Weichkern-Geschosses vergleichbar. Die Treffpunktlagen beider Munitionen stimmen in dieser Entfernung etwa überein. Bei Entfernungen von etwa 200 m liegt die Treffpunktlage der erfindunsgemäßen Patrone schon etwa 10 cm niedriger als bei bekannten Weichkern-Geschossen. Nach etwa 300 m liegt der Schwerpunkt des Trefferbildes bereits etwa 1 m unter dem des Trefferbildes von bekannten üblichen Weichkern-Geschossen.At distances of about 100 m, the precision of the short-track projectile according to the invention is that of a known soft-core projectile comparable. The locations of both ammunition meet approximately at this distance. At distances of about 200 m, the point of impact of the cartridge according to the invention is already about 10 cm lower than in known soft-core projectiles. After about 300 m, the focus of the hit image is already about 1 m below that of the hit image of known conventional soft-core projectiles.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Patrone sorgt der aus - vorzugsweise splitterfreiem, schlagzähem und röntgentechnisch erfaßbarem Kunststoff bestehende Kern des Geschosses für das eine geringe Reichweite gewährleistende niedrige Gewicht des Geschosses, weil dieser Kern aus verhältnismäßig leichtem Kunststoff bestehen kann. Hinzu kommt, daß das Geschoß auch noch kürzer als übliche Weichkern-Geschosse ausgebildet sein kann.In the cartridge according to the invention, the core of the projectile, which preferably consists of splinter-free, impact-resistant and X-ray-detectable plastic, ensures the low weight of the projectile, which ensures a short range, because this core can consist of relatively light plastic. In addition, the projectile can also be made shorter than conventional soft-core projectiles.

Der Kern des Geschosses steht beispielsweise über das vordere Ende des tassenförmigen oder schalenförmigen Mantels über, das als scharfer Rand ausgebildet ist, um dem Geschoß eine möglichts geringe Reichweite zweckmäßige Form geben zu können, ohne das Gewicht hoch halten zu müssen. Andererseits kann das erfindunsgemäße Geschoß auch als Vollmantelgeschoß mit leichtem Kern ausgebildet sein.The core of the projectile, for example, projects beyond the front end of the cup-shaped or bowl-shaped casing, which is designed as a sharp edge, in order to be able to give the projectile a practical range that is as short as possible, without having to keep the weight high. On the other hand, the projectile according to the invention can also be designed as a solid jacket projectile with a light core.

Die den Kern aufnehmende Hülle bzw. der tassenförmige Mantel des Geschosses besteht aus Metall und vorzugsweise hartem Metall wie Tombak oder mit Tombak plattiertem Stahl und vorzugsweise hart-zähem Metall wie Tombak und Kupferlegierungen oder mit galvanisch verzinntem tombakplattiertem Stahl. Diese Hülle bzw. dieser Mantel bildet den Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Geschoß und dem Lauf der Waffe, so daß der Lauf der Waffe nicht mit dem Kunststoff des Kerns des Geschosses in Kontakt kommen kann. Ein socher Kontakt hätte den Nachteil, daß sich Kunststoff an der Innenseite des Laufes der Waffe absetzen und sogar in den Lauf einbrennen könnte, insbesondere im Bereich der Züge der Waffe und sogar im Laufinneren Erosion hervorrufen könnte, insbesondere im Bereich der Feldkanten der Waffer. Die Hülle bzw. der Mantel des Geschosses kann dabei eine sehr geringe Wandstärke aufweisen, weil die von den Zügen des Laufes der Waffe verursachten Verformungen der Außenseite der Hülle bzw. des Mantels keine schädlichen Einflüsse auf den Kern des Geschosses ausüben können.The shell receiving the core or the cup-shaped casing of the projectile consists of metal and preferably hard metal such as tombac or steel coated with tombac and preferably hard-tough metal such as tombac and copper alloys or with galvanically tinned tombac-plated steel. This shell or jacket forms the contact area between the projectile and the barrel of the weapon, so that the barrel of the weapon cannot come into contact with the plastic of the core of the projectile. Such a contact would have the disadvantage that plastic could deposit on the inside of the barrel of the weapon and even burn into the barrel, in particular in the area of the barrel of the weapon and even inside the barrel, which could cause erosion, especially in the area of the field edges of the weapon. The shell or the jacket of the The projectile can have a very small wall thickness because the deformations of the outside of the casing or casing caused by the barrel of the weapon cannot exert any harmful effects on the core of the projectile.

Durch die Erfindung wird eine für Trainingszwecke bzw. für das Übungsschießen, beispielsweise bis zu einer Entfernung von etwa 200 m, geeignete Patrone geschaffen, bei der die Reichweite des Geschosses verhältnismäßig gering ist, während diese Patrone in üblichen Waffen ohne Umbauteile oder Zusatzteile verwendet werden kann und auch den notwendigen Gasdruck für das automatische Nachladen dieser Waffen liefert. Bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Patrone in üblichen Gasdruckladern, Rückstoßladern und Waffen mit übersetzten Masse-Feder-Verschlüssen sind diese voll funktionsfähig, ohne Umbauteile vorsehen zu müssen.The invention provides a cartridge suitable for training purposes or for practice shooting, for example up to a distance of approximately 200 m, in which the range of the projectile is comparatively short, while this cartridge can be used in conventional weapons without conversion parts or additional parts and also provides the necessary gas pressure for the automatic reloading of these weapons. When the cartridge according to the invention is used in conventional gas pressure loaders, recoil loaders and weapons with translated mass-spring closures, these are fully functional without having to provide any conversion parts.

Trifft das Geschoß innerhalb einer Reichweite von bis zu etwa 200 m auf ein Ziel auf, beispielseise einen Gelatineblock, kann das überstehende Ende des aus Kunststoff bestehenden Einsatzes oder Kernes sich lockern, oder ganz abfallen. Hierdurch wird jedoch die Einschußrichtung nicht spürbar beeinträchtigt oder gar das Geschoß im Ziel abgelenkt.If the projectile hits a target within a range of up to about 200 m, for example a gelatin block, the protruding end of the insert or core made of plastic can loosen or fall off completely. However, this does not noticeably affect the direction of fire or even deflects the projectile in the target.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Patrone ist das Geschoß von der Form und der Querschnittsbelastung her einem Pistolen-Geschoß vergleichbar. Versuche mit längeren Geschossen waren bezüglich Präzision unbefriedigend. Das Geschoß der erfindunsgemäßen Patrone ist eine für Übungszwecke brauchbarer Kompromiß zwischen Zuführbarkeit und Präzision.In the cartridge according to the invention, the projectile is comparable in shape and cross-sectional load to a pistol projectile. Experiments with longer projectiles were unsatisfactory in terms of precision. The bullet of the cartridge according to the invention is a compromise between feedability and precision that can be used for training purposes.

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindunsgemäßen Patrone in vergrößertem Maßstab dargestellt, und zwar zeigt

Fig. 1
eine Patrone in Außenansicht und teilweise in einem Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
ein zu der Patrone aus Fig. 1 passendes Geschoß im Längsschnitt und in weiter vergrößerten Maßstab und
Fig. 3
eine gegenüber Fig. 2 abgewandelte zweite Ausführungsform des Geschosses im Längsschnitt.
In the drawing, two embodiments of the cartridge according to the invention are shown on an enlarged scale, and that shows
Fig. 1
a cartridge in external view and partially in a longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
a to the cartridge of Fig. 1 projectile in longitudinal section and in a further enlarged scale and
Fig. 3
a modified from FIG. 2 second embodiment of the projectile in longitudinal section.

Die Patrone 1 hat eine leicht konische Hülse 2, in deren verengten Hals 3 ein Geschoß 4 eingesetzt ist, welches Fig. 2 im einzelnen zeigt.The cartridge 1 has a slightly conical sleeve 2, in the narrowed neck 3 of which a projectile 4 is inserted, which FIG. 2 shows in detail.

Am entgegengesetzten Ende der Hülse 2 ist in deren Boden 5 von außen ein schadstoffarmes Zündhütchen 6 eingelassen. Kanäle 7 bilden eine Verbindung zum Innenraum 8 der Hülse 2, der mit einer Pulver-Treibladung gefüllt ist. Im Bereich des Bodens 5 der Hülse 2 ist auf deren Außenseite eine Ausziehrille 9 vorgesehen.At the opposite end of the sleeve 2, a low-emission primer 6 is embedded in the bottom 5 of the latter. Channels 7 form a connection to the interior 8 of the sleeve 2, which is filled with a powder propellant. In the area of the bottom 5 of the sleeve 2, an extraction groove 9 is provided on the outside thereof.

Die Hülse 2 entspricht in ihrer Gestalt, Länge und äußeren Kontur den Patronenhülsen üblicher Gewehr- oder MG-Munition, so daß diese Hülse ohne Umbauten oder Zusatzeinrichtungen in das Patronenlager derartiger Waffen paßt.The sleeve 2 corresponds in shape, length and outer contour to the cartridge cases of conventional rifle or MG ammunition, so that this sleeve fits into the cartridge chamber of such weapons without modifications or additional devices.

Das in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte Geschoß 4 ist aus zwei Teilen zusammengesetzt, nämlich einem hülsenförmigen Mantel 10, der einen geschlossenen Boden 11 aufweist und am vorderen Ende 12 offen ist, und einem vollen Kern 13, der den Innenraum des Mantels 10 voll ausfüllt und mit einer abgerundeten Spitze 14 über das vordere Ende 12 des Mantels 10 übersteht. Das vordere Ende 12 des Mantels 10 bildet einen scharfen Rand, auch als "Scharfrand" bezeichnet.The floor 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is composed of two parts, namely a sleeve-shaped jacket 10, which has a closed bottom 11 and is open at the front end 12, and a full core 13, which completely fills the interior of the jacket 10 and with a rounded tip 14 protrudes beyond the front end 12 of the jacket 10. The front end 12 of the jacket 10 forms a sharp edge, also referred to as a "sharp edge".

Der Mantel 10 besteht aus verhältnismäßig harten Material, vorzugsweise aus Metall. Ein Beispiel für diese Material ist Tombak CuZn 10 oder auch Bronze Cu Sn 0,1. Der Kern 13 besteht hingegen aus leichteren und auch weicheren Material, vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff mit etwa 40 Gew.% mineralischen Füllstoff und unter 1 Gew.% Kupferpulver, um das Geschoß 4 röntgentechnisch erfaßbar zu machen.The jacket 10 is made of relatively hard material, preferably metal. An example of this material is Tombak CuZn 10 or bronze Cu Sn 0.1. The core 13, on the other hand, consists of lighter and also softer material, preferably of plastic with about 40% by weight of mineral filler and less than 1% by weight of copper powder, to make the floor 4 X-ray detectable.

Die Länge des Geschosses 4 ist gegenüber Geschossen üblicher Gewehrmuniton reduziert. Sie beträgt beispielsweise etwa 20,5 mm gegenüber etwa 30 mm bei bekannten und üblichen Weichkern-Geschossen von Gewehr- und Maschinengewehr- (MG)-Munition. Das Gewicht dieser kürzeren und leichteren Geschosses 4 beträgt etwa 3 g.The length of the projectile 4 is reduced compared to conventional ammunition projectiles. For example, it is approximately 20.5 mm compared to approximately 30 mm in known and customary soft-core projectiles of rifle and machine gun (MG) ammunition. The weight of this shorter and lighter projectile 4 is about 3 g.

Der Mantel 10 weist über den größeren Teil seiner Länge eine zylinderförmige äußere Kontur auf, ist jedoch zu seinem vorderen Ende 12 über einen bogenförmigen konischen Abschnitt 15 verjüngt. Die aus dem Mantel 10 herausragende Spitze 14 des aus einem Kunststoff-Gemisch bestehenden Kernes 13 ist abgerundet, ähnlich wie dies beispielsweise bei Pistolen-Munition bekannt ist.The jacket 10 has a cylindrical outer contour over the greater part of its length, but is tapered to its front end 12 via an arcuate conical section 15. The tip 14 protruding from the jacket 10 of the core 13 consisting of a plastic mixture is rounded, similar to what is known, for example, from pistol ammunition.

Beim Einschieben der Patrone 1 in das Patronenlager einer Waffe kommt der Kunststoff aufweisende Kern 13 des Geschosses 4 mit der Innenwand des Laufes der Waffe nich in Kontakt. Auch beim Abfeuern der Patrone 1 und beim Austreiben des Geschosses 4 aus dem Lauf der Waffe kommt der Kunststoff enthaltende Kern 13 des Geschosses 4 mit den Lauf der Waffe nicht in Kontakt. Der aus hartem Material wie Metall bestehende Mantel 10 des Geschosses 4 arbeitet sich beim Austreiben des Geschosses in die Züge der Waffe ein, so daß das Geschoß 4 den gewünschten Drall erhält. Die Wandstärke des Mantels 10 ist dabei so gewählt, daß dieser seine Funktion, nämlich einen Kontakt zwischen den Kern 13 des Geschosses und den Lauf der Waffe zu verhindern und den Geschoß den gewünschten Drall zu erteilen, erfüllt, jedoch sollte die Wandstärke des Mantels 10 so gering wie möglich gehalten werden, um Gewicht einzusparen.When the cartridge 1 is inserted into the cartridge chamber of a weapon, the plastic core 13 of the projectile 4 does not come into contact with the inner wall of the barrel of the weapon. Even when the cartridge 1 is fired and the projectile 4 is expelled from the barrel of the weapon, the plastic core 13 of the projectile 4 does not come into contact with the barrel of the weapon. The jacket 10 of the projectile 4, made of hard material such as metal, works its way into the trains of the weapon when the projectile is driven out, so that the projectile 4 receives the desired swirl. The wall thickness of the casing 10 is chosen so that it fulfills its function, namely to prevent contact between the core 13 of the projectile and the barrel of the weapon and to give the projectile the desired swirl, but the wall thickness of the casing 10 should be so be kept as low as possible to save weight.

Auch die Länge des hülsenförmigen Mantels 10 ist im Hinblick auf diese Funktion klein gewählt.The length of the sleeve-shaped jacket 10 is also chosen to be small in view of this function.

Das vordere Ende 12 des Mantels 10 bildet einen scharfkantigen Absatz oder Scharfrand, der eine Art Abreißkante bildet, damit beim Eindringen des Geschosses 4 in eine Zielscheibe ein scharfkantiges und nicht ausgerissenes Einschußloch entsteht und der Treffer somit eindeutig den Markierungen auf der Zielscheibe zugeordnet werden kann.The front end 12 of the jacket 10 forms a sharp-edged shoulder or coulter edge, which forms a kind of tear-off edge, so when Penetration of the projectile 4 in a target creates a sharp-edged and not torn out bullet hole and the hit can thus be clearly assigned to the markings on the target.

Auf der Außenseite des hülsenförmigen Mantels 10 des Geschosses 4 befindet sich eine umlaufende Rille 16, in welche der am Hals 3 der Hülse 2 vorgesehene Hülsenmund 17 formschlüssig eingreifen kann, um das Geschoß 4 sicher an der Hülse 2 zu halten, bis sich ein gewisser Gasdruck im Innenraum der Patrone gebildet hat und die Patrone 1 abgefeuert wird.On the outside of the sleeve-shaped jacket 10 of the projectile 4 there is a circumferential groove 16, in which the sleeve mouth 17 provided on the neck 3 of the sleeve 2 can engage in a form-fitting manner in order to hold the projectile 4 securely on the sleeve 2 until a certain gas pressure is present has formed in the interior of the cartridge and the cartridge 1 is fired.

Der freie Innenraum 8 der Hülse 2 ist so groß, daß die in ihn eingefüllte Menge der pulverförmigen Treibladung aureicht, um dem Geschoß 4 eine V-10 von etwa 1200m/sec zu verleihen und einen Gasdruck von bis 3200 bar zu liefern. Dieser Gasdruck und sein zeitlicher Ablauf sind nicht nur ausreichend, um das Geschoß 4 aus den Lauf der Waffe auszutreiben, sondern liefern auch die zum automatischen Nachladen der Waffe benötigte Energie.The free interior 8 of the sleeve 2 is so large that the amount of powdered propellant charge filled in it is sufficient to give the floor 4 a V-10 of approximately 1200 m / sec and to deliver a gas pressure of up to 3200 bar. This gas pressure and its timing are not only sufficient to drive the projectile 4 out of the barrel of the weapon, but also provide the energy required for the automatic reloading of the weapon.

Das in Fig. 3 gezeigte Geschoß 18 unterscheidet sich von dem Geschoß 4 gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 dadurch, daß es sich um ein Vollmantelgeschoß handelt. In übrigen sind jedoch die Abmessungen und die Materialwahl bei beiden Geschoßtypen gleich.The floor 18 shown in FIG. 3 differs from floor 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in that it is a solid jacket floor. In other respects, however, the dimensions and choice of materials are the same for both types of storey.

Das Geschoß 18 hat einen in hinteren Bereich zylindrischen Mantel 19 aus Metall wie Tombak, der an vorderen Ende eine geschlossene abgerundete Spitze 20 aufweist. Am Übergang zwischen den zylindrischen Teil des Mantels 19 und der Spitze 20 befindet sich eine Abreißkante 21, welche eine ähnliche Wirkung wie das scharfkantige Ende 12 des Mantels 10 des Geschosses 4 hervorruft, d.h. einen sauberen Einschuß in eine Zielscheibe gewährleistet.The projectile 18 has a jacket 19 made of metal, such as tombac, which is cylindrical in the rear region and has a closed rounded tip 20 at the front end. At the transition between the cylindrical part of the casing 19 and the tip 20 there is a tear-off edge 21 which produces a similar effect to the sharp-edged end 12 of the casing 10 of the projectile 4, i.e. ensures a clean shot in a target.

In zylindrischen Teil des Mantels 19 befindet sich eine äußere umlaufende Rille 22, welche ein formschlüssiges Eingreifen des Hülsenmundes einer in Fig. 3 nicht dargestellten Hülse gestattet.In the cylindrical part of the casing 19 there is an outer circumferential groove 22, which allows a form-fitting engagement of the sleeve mouth of a sleeve, not shown in FIG. 3.

Das hintere Ende des Mantels 19 enthält eine durch den beigebördelten Mantel verkleinerte Öffnung 23, in die vorher der Kern 24, der vorzugsweise aus einem Gemisch aus Kunststoff, mineralischem Füllstoff und Kupferpulver besteht, des Geschosses eingepreßt worden ist.The rear end of the jacket 19 contains an opening 23 which is reduced by the flared jacket and into which the core 24, which preferably consists of a mixture of plastic, mineral filler and copper powder, of the projectile has been pressed.

Der Kunststoff ist zweckmäßig ein Polypropylen-Homopolymer. Ein dieses Material enthaltendes Kunststoffgemisch ist umweltfreundlich, da grundwasserneutral. Dementsprechend kann es auf dem üblichen Wege entsorgt werden, d.h. es erfordert weder spezielle Deponien noch muß es zur Entsorgung verbrannt werden.The plastic is expediently a polypropylene homopolymer. A plastic mixture containing this material is environmentally friendly because it is groundwater neutral. Accordingly, it can be disposed of in the usual way, i.e. it does not require special landfills nor does it have to be incinerated for disposal.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Kurzbahn-Patrone kann eine für Übungsmunition sehr gute Präszision erreicht werden. So ergibt sich auf einer Entfernung von etwa 100 m ein Trefferbild, dessen Höhe und Breite addiert etwa 25 cm betragen. Die maximale Schußweite beträgt etwa 1000 m und die in Schußbereich einzuhaltende Sicherheitsgrenze etwa 1200 m.A very good precision for practice ammunition can be achieved with the short-course cartridge according to the invention. This results in a hit image at a distance of about 100 m, the height and width of which add up to about 25 cm. The maximum firing range is approximately 1000 m and the safety limit to be observed in the firing range is approximately 1200 m.

Diese Übungsmunition ist beispielsweise für Schußwaffen des Kalibers 7,62 mm x 51 verwendbar.This practice ammunition can be used, for example, for 7.62 mm x 51 caliber firearms.

Claims (9)

Patrone, mit einer Hülse, welche eine Treibladung enthält und an einem Ende ein Zündhütchen aufweist, und mit einem Geschoß, das in den Hülsenmund an anderen, in Querschnitt verengten Ende der Patrone eingesetzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Geschoß (4;18) in einem Mantel (10,19) aus Metall einen Kern (13;24) aus Kunststoff enthält.Cartridge, with a sleeve which contains a propellant charge and has a primer at one end, and with a projectile which is inserted into the sleeve mouth at the other end of the cartridge which is narrowed in cross section, characterized in that the projectile (4; 18) contains a core (13; 24) made of plastic in a metal jacket (10, 19). Patrone nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (10) des Geschosses (4) tassen- oder hülsenförmig ausgebildet und zum vorderen Ende (12) offen ist und einen scharfen Rand (12) aufweist.Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing (10) of the projectile (4) is cup-shaped or sleeve-shaped and is open towards the front end (12) and has a sharp edge (12). Patrone nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (13) über das offene vordere Ende (12) des Mantels (10) übersteht.Cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the core (13) projects beyond the open front end (12) of the casing (10). Patrone nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (19) als Vollmantel ausgebildet ist.Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing (19) is designed as a solid casing. Patrone nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (10;19) aus harten Metall wie Tombak oder einer anderen Kupferlegierung besteht.Cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the casing (10; 19) consists of hard metal such as tombac or another copper alloy. Patrone nach einen der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (10;19) dünnwandig ausgebildet ist.Cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the casing (10; 19) is thin-walled. Patrone nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (10;19) eine umlaufende Rille (16;22) für den Mund (17) der Hülse (2) enthält.Cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the casing (10; 19) contains a circumferential groove (16; 22) for the mouth (17) of the sleeve (2). Patrone nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Geschoß (4;18) eine Länge von etwa 20,5 mm aufweist.Cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the projectile (4; 18) has a length of approximately 20.5 mm. Patrone nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (13;24) des Geschosses (4;18) aus splitterfreiem, schlagzähem und röntgentechnisch erfaßbarem Kunststoff besteht.Cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the core (13; 24) of the projectile (4; 18) consists of shatterproof, impact-resistant and X-ray-detectable plastic.
EP93109582A 1992-07-17 1993-06-16 Cartridge for training purposes Withdrawn EP0578981A1 (en)

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DE9209598U DE9209598U1 (en) 1992-07-17 1992-07-17 Cartridge for training purposes
DE9209598U 1992-07-17

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000062009A1 (en) * 1999-04-02 2000-10-19 Delta Frangible Ammunition, Llc Jacketed frangible bullets
US6363856B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2002-04-02 Roscoe R. Stoker, Jr. Projectile for a small arms cartridge and method for making same
US6405654B1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-06-18 Tim T. Smith Muzzle-loader projectile with a plastic insert
US6536352B1 (en) 1996-07-11 2003-03-25 Delta Frangible Ammunition, Llc Lead-free frangible bullets and process for making same
WO2003048676A2 (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-12 Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH Practice cartridge
US6659013B1 (en) * 1997-01-08 2003-12-09 Futurec Ag C/O Beeler + Beeler Treuhand Ag Projectile or war-head
US9052174B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2015-06-09 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Tipped projectiles
DE102017112889A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-13 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Kleinkalibergschoss and small caliber ammunition with such a small caliber bullet

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9310915D0 (en) * 1993-05-27 1993-07-14 Royal Ordance Plc Improvements in or relating to projectiles
GB9607022D0 (en) * 1996-04-03 1996-06-05 Cesaroni Tech Inc Bullet
IL158568A0 (en) 2001-04-24 2004-05-12 Cesaroni Anthony Joseph Lead-free projectiles
WO2014150007A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reloading kit with lead free bullet composition

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FR1381512A (en) * 1963-10-29 1964-12-14 Gevelot Sa New cartridge for limited range shooting
DE1258763B (en) * 1962-08-06 1968-01-11 Gevelot S A Practice bullet

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DE1258763B (en) * 1962-08-06 1968-01-11 Gevelot S A Practice bullet
FR1381512A (en) * 1963-10-29 1964-12-14 Gevelot Sa New cartridge for limited range shooting

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6536352B1 (en) 1996-07-11 2003-03-25 Delta Frangible Ammunition, Llc Lead-free frangible bullets and process for making same
US6659013B1 (en) * 1997-01-08 2003-12-09 Futurec Ag C/O Beeler + Beeler Treuhand Ag Projectile or war-head
WO2000062009A1 (en) * 1999-04-02 2000-10-19 Delta Frangible Ammunition, Llc Jacketed frangible bullets
US6363856B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2002-04-02 Roscoe R. Stoker, Jr. Projectile for a small arms cartridge and method for making same
US6405654B1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-06-18 Tim T. Smith Muzzle-loader projectile with a plastic insert
WO2003048676A2 (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-12 Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH Practice cartridge
WO2003048676A3 (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-12-31 Elisenhuette Metallwerk Practice cartridge
US9052174B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2015-06-09 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Tipped projectiles
DE102017112889A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-13 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Kleinkalibergschoss and small caliber ammunition with such a small caliber bullet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO932497L (en) 1994-01-18
IT226877Z2 (en) 1997-07-22
FI933237A (en) 1994-01-18
DE9209598U1 (en) 1992-11-12
ITMI920796V0 (en) 1992-08-31
NO932497D0 (en) 1993-07-08
ITMI920796U1 (en) 1994-03-03
FI933237A0 (en) 1993-07-16

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