EP0495764B1 - Preheating device for a molten metal casting nozzle - Google Patents
Preheating device for a molten metal casting nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0495764B1 EP0495764B1 EP92870003A EP92870003A EP0495764B1 EP 0495764 B1 EP0495764 B1 EP 0495764B1 EP 92870003 A EP92870003 A EP 92870003A EP 92870003 A EP92870003 A EP 92870003A EP 0495764 B1 EP0495764 B1 EP 0495764B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- pouring
- hot gaseous
- sleeve
- casting nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for preheating a pouring nozzle of a molten metal as used especially in containers for continuous casting of steel.
- the pouring containers essentially comprise the ladles and the distribution baskets, these being specifically intended for continuous casting.
- the description which follows will relate, by way of example nonlimiting, on a distributor basket nozzle.
- the pouring nozzle materializes the taphole by where the steel flows from a first container to a second container, by example of a distribution basket to a continuous casting mold.
- a pouring nozzle generally has two parts which one after the other.
- the first part called the pouring brick or nozzle bottom, is in fact a particular refractory brick, housed in the refractory lining at the bottom of the basket and pierced with a channel which constitutes the tap hole.
- This bottom nozzle is usually extended by a refractory tube of appropriate section, called a nozzle outside or submerged nozzle because its end dips generally in the steel contained in the mold.
- a pouring nozzle is also provided with various equipment, in particular of a tap hole closure system.
- This system can simply consist of a profiled or stopper refractory pad, which is applied to a seat, also profiled, formed at the entrance to the bottom nozzle. It can also consist of a set of drawers, possibly rotating, preferably mounted between the bottom nozzle and the outer nozzle.
- a type of special nozzle with a refractory dome inside of the appropriately enlarged outer nozzle, this dome being intended to form a hollow jet of metal flowing along the wall inside of the outer nozzle.
- JP-A-61 219 452 discloses a process for preheating a basket nozzle. continuous flow distributor, in which the hot gases sucked through the nozzle are accumulated in a preheating box surrounding the nozzle, before being rejected outside.
- Patent CH-A-597,949 describes a method and a device for preheating the brick and the pouring pad in a cold distribution basket, without suction of hot gases to across the nozzle.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and economical device which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks and which can be used without difficulty with all types of pouring nozzle.
- a device for preheating a nozzle casting a molten metal which comprises means for producing a gaseous medium hot near the inlet of said pouring nozzle and means, located at the outlet end of said pouring nozzle, for circulating said gaseous medium in said pouring nozzle, along its entire length and in the direction of metal flow during casting, is characterized in that said means for circulation include a suction venturi of which the converging part is connected at the orifice of the pouring nozzle, in the extension thereof.
- This type of device is well known per se in the art. It basically consists of a venturi which comprises, at the end of the converging part, immediately upstream of the neck, a lateral supply of gas under low pressure, for example in slightly compressed air. This lateral injection of low pressure air has the effect to cause the suction of a much greater flow of air, or any other gas, in the converging part of the venturi.
- the venturi is mounted with its converging part connected, as indicated above, at the outlet orifice of the pouring nozzle, and its divergent part opening out either the open air is in a hot gas collection system.
- the means for producing a hot gaseous medium are advantageously constituted by at least one burner, in particular by the burners used for preheating the pouring vessel.
- the device of the invention comprises a sleeve arranged in the pouring container so as to surround the inlet opening of the pouring nozzle.
- This sleeve is preferably of frustoconical shape; it is placed on its large base around the tap hole and its small base can thus allow passage to the stopper rod sealing the tap hole. It can of course have any other form suitable such as cylinder or pyramid trunk.
- the sleeve is advantageously provided with lateral holes, preferably located at near its large base. These holes are intended to allow the gaseous medium to pass hot, especially hot air, present in the pouring vessel and drawn through the pouring nozzle by the aforementioned suction means.
- the device of the invention is essentially removable.
- the suction means, in especially the venturi, as well as the sleeve are put in place for the preheating of the nozzle and they are removed for the casting of molten metal.
- the tap hole is closed and opened by a stopper 4.
- the interior of the basket is preheated by means of burners, not shown; this preheating is symbolized by the scrolls 5, showing the hot air present in the basket.
- a suction venturi 6 is mounted at the outlet end of the nozzle exterior 3, in the extension thereof, with its converging part connected to the nozzle outlet.
- This venturi 6 is supplied with compressed air at low pressure through a side opening opening upstream of the neck and connected to a source of compressed air symbolized by arrow 7.
- the device is advantageously completed by a sleeve 8, preferably frustoconical, placed on the refractory bottom 1, around the tap hole.
- the section of the sleeve 8 must be sufficient to allow passage stopper 4.
- the sleeve 8 is further provided with holes 9 to its lower part, that is to say near the surface of the bottom 1.
- the presence of the sleeve 8 makes it possible to maintain a volume of hot air and thus preventing the cooling of the stopper rod 4 and the pouring if the basket preheating stops.
- the preheating of various types of pouring nozzles was carried out using a suction venturi made of stainless steel having a diameter of 40 mm at the neck.
- the air was compressed to 4 bar and its flow rate was 80 Nm 3 / h.
- the device only requires the consumption of compressed air at low pressure and at low flow.
- it is suitable to ensure preheating all types of casting nozzles, in particular of the hollow jet nozzle with distribution dome, because the current hot air runs from top to bottom, i.e. in the same sense that metal during casting.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de préchauffage d'une busette de coulée d'un métal en fusion, telle que l'on en utilise notamment dans les récipients de coulée continue de l'acier.The present invention relates to a device for preheating a pouring nozzle of a molten metal as used especially in containers for continuous casting of steel.
Les récipients de coulée comprennent essentiellement les poches de coulée et les paniers répartiteurs, ceux-ci étant spécifiquement destinés à la coulée continue. La description qui va suivre portera, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, sur une busette de panier répartiteur.The pouring containers essentially comprise the ladles and the distribution baskets, these being specifically intended for continuous casting. The description which follows will relate, by way of example nonlimiting, on a distributor basket nozzle.
Comme on le sait, la busette de coulée matérialise le trou de coulée par où l'acier s'écoule d'un premier récipient vers un second récipient, par exemple d'un panier répartiteur vers une lingotière de coulée continue.As is known, the pouring nozzle materializes the taphole by where the steel flows from a first container to a second container, by example of a distribution basket to a continuous casting mold.
Actuellement, une busette de coulée comporte en général deux parties qui se succèdent. La première partie, appelée brique de coulée ou busette de fond, est en fait une brique réfractaire particulière, logée dans le garnissge réfractaire du fond du panier et percée d'un canal qui constitue le trou de coulée. Cette busette de fond est habituellement prolongée par un tube réfractaire de section appropriée, appelé busette extérieure ou encore busette immergée parce que son extrémité plonge généralement dans l'acier contenu dans la lingotière.Currently, a pouring nozzle generally has two parts which one after the other. The first part, called the pouring brick or nozzle bottom, is in fact a particular refractory brick, housed in the refractory lining at the bottom of the basket and pierced with a channel which constitutes the tap hole. This bottom nozzle is usually extended by a refractory tube of appropriate section, called a nozzle outside or submerged nozzle because its end dips generally in the steel contained in the mold.
Une busette de coulée est également pourvue de divers équipements, en particulier d'un système d'obturation du trou de coulée. Ce système peut être constitué simplement d'un tampon réfractaire profilé ou quenouille, qui s'applique sur un siège, également profilé, formé à l'entrée de la busette de fond. Il peut aussi être constitué d'un jeu de tiroirs, éventuellement rotatifs, monté de préférence entre la busette de fond et la busette extérieure. Par ailleurs, on a récemment proposé un type de busette particulier, comportant un dôme réfractaire à l'intérieur même de la busette extérieure élargie de façon appropriée, ce dôme étant destiné à former un jet creux de métal s'écoulant le long de la paroi intérieure de la busette extérieure. A pouring nozzle is also provided with various equipment, in particular of a tap hole closure system. This system can simply consist of a profiled or stopper refractory pad, which is applied to a seat, also profiled, formed at the entrance to the bottom nozzle. It can also consist of a set of drawers, possibly rotating, preferably mounted between the bottom nozzle and the outer nozzle. In addition, a type of special nozzle, with a refractory dome inside of the appropriately enlarged outer nozzle, this dome being intended to form a hollow jet of metal flowing along the wall inside of the outer nozzle.
Il est bien connu, dans la pratique actuelle, de préchauffer les busettes avant la coulée, afin d'éviter tout risque de solidification d'acier dans une busette froide qui pourrait ainsi être rapidement bouchée. On utilise à cet effet un brûleur disposé à l'extérieur du récipient et orienté de bas en haut dans le prolongement du trou de coulée.It is well known in current practice to preheat the nozzles before casting, in order to avoid any risk of solidification of steel in a cold nozzle which could be quickly plugged. A burner is used for this purpose. the outside of the container and oriented from bottom to top in the extension of the casting.
Cette disposition s'avère cependant peu pratique, car il n'est pas toujours aisé de positionner et d'orienter le brûleur avec précision pour lui assurer une efficacité de chauffage maximale. Une telle disposition de brûleur est d'ailleurs inutilisable avec le type particulier précité de busette comportant un dôme de répartition, car celui-ci fait obstacle à la propagation de la flamme vers la busette de fond. This provision is however impractical, because it is not always easy to position and orient the burner precisely to ensure its efficiency maximum heating. Such a burner arrangement cannot be used with the aforementioned particular type of nozzle comprising a distribution dome, because this makes obstacle to the propagation of the flame towards the bottom nozzle.
On connaít par JP-A-61 219 452 un procédé de préchauffage d'une busette de panier répartiteur de coulée continue, dans lequel les gaz chauds aspirés à travers la busette sont accumulés dans une boíte de préchauffage entourant la busette, avant d'être rejetés à l'extérieur.JP-A-61 219 452 discloses a process for preheating a basket nozzle. continuous flow distributor, in which the hot gases sucked through the nozzle are accumulated in a preheating box surrounding the nozzle, before being rejected outside.
Le brevet CH-A-597 949 décrit un procédé et un dispositif pour préchauffer la brique et le tampon de coulée dans un panier répartiteur froid, sans aspiration des gaz chauds à travers la busette.Patent CH-A-597,949 describes a method and a device for preheating the brick and the pouring pad in a cold distribution basket, without suction of hot gases to across the nozzle.
La présente invention a pour objet de proposer un dispositif simple et économique, qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précités et qui peut être utilisé sans difficulté avec tous les types de busette de coulée.The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and economical device which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks and which can be used without difficulty with all types of pouring nozzle.
Conformément à la présente invention, un dispositif de préchauffage d'une busette de coulée d'un métal en fusion, qui comporte des moyens pour produire un milieu gazeux chaud à proximité de l'orifice d'entrée de ladite busette de coulée et des moyens, situés à l'extrémité de sortie de ladite busette de coulée, pour faire circuler ledit milieu gazeux dans ladite busette de coulée, sur toute la longueur de celle-ci et dans le sens d'écoulement du métal pendant la coulée, est caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de circulation comprennent un venturi d'aspiration dont la partie convergente est raccordée à l'orifice de la busette de coulée, dans le prolongement de celle-ci. According to the present invention, a device for preheating a nozzle casting a molten metal, which comprises means for producing a gaseous medium hot near the inlet of said pouring nozzle and means, located at the outlet end of said pouring nozzle, for circulating said gaseous medium in said pouring nozzle, along its entire length and in the direction of metal flow during casting, is characterized in that said means for circulation include a suction venturi of which the converging part is connected at the orifice of the pouring nozzle, in the extension thereof.
Ce type d'appareil est bien connu en soi dans la technique. Il se compose essentiellement d'un venturi qui comporte, à la fin de la partie convergente, immédiatement en amont du col, une alimentation latérale en gaz sous faible pression, par exemple en air légèrement comprimé. Cette injection latérale d'air à faible pression a pour effet de provoquer l'aspiration d'un débit beaucoup plus grand d'air, ou de tout autre gaz, dans la partie convergente du venturi.This type of device is well known per se in the art. It basically consists of a venturi which comprises, at the end of the converging part, immediately upstream of the neck, a lateral supply of gas under low pressure, for example in slightly compressed air. This lateral injection of low pressure air has the effect to cause the suction of a much greater flow of air, or any other gas, in the converging part of the venturi.
Dans le présent dispositif, le venturi est monté avec sa partie convergente raccordée, comme indiqué plus haut, à l'orifice de sortie de la busette de coulée, et sa partie divergente débouchant soit à l'air libre soit dans un système de collecte des gaz chauds.In the present device, the venturi is mounted with its converging part connected, as indicated above, at the outlet orifice of the pouring nozzle, and its divergent part opening out either the open air is in a hot gas collection system.
Les moyens pour produire un milieu gazeux chaud sont avantageusement constitués par au moins un brûleur, en particulier par les brûleurs servant au préchauffage du récipient de coulée.The means for producing a hot gaseous medium are advantageously constituted by at least one burner, in particular by the burners used for preheating the pouring vessel.
Selon une caractéristique supplémentaire, le dispositif de l'invention comporte un manchon disposé dans le récipient de coulée de façon à entourer l'orifice d'entrée de la busette de coulée.According to an additional characteristic, the device of the invention comprises a sleeve arranged in the pouring container so as to surround the inlet opening of the pouring nozzle.
Ce manchon est de préférence de forme tronconique; il est posé sur sa grande base autour du trou de coulée et sa petite base peut ainsi livrer passage à la quenouille d'obturation du trou de coulée. Il peut bien entendu présenter toute autre forme appropriée telle que cylindre ou tronc de pyramide.This sleeve is preferably of frustoconical shape; it is placed on its large base around the tap hole and its small base can thus allow passage to the stopper rod sealing the tap hole. It can of course have any other form suitable such as cylinder or pyramid trunk.
Le manchon est avantageusement pourvu de trous latéraux, situés de préférence à proximité de sa grande base. Ces trous sont destinés à laisser passer le milieu gazeux chaud, en particulier l'air chaud, présent dans le récipient de coulée et aspiré à travers la busette de coulée par les moyens d'aspiration précités.The sleeve is advantageously provided with lateral holes, preferably located at near its large base. These holes are intended to allow the gaseous medium to pass hot, especially hot air, present in the pouring vessel and drawn through the pouring nozzle by the aforementioned suction means.
Le dispositif de l'invention est essentiellement amovible. Les moyens d'aspiration, en particulier le venturi, ainsi que le manchon sont mis en place pour le préchauffage de la busette et ils sont enlevés pour la coulée du métal en fusion. The device of the invention is essentially removable. The suction means, in especially the venturi, as well as the sleeve are put in place for the preheating of the nozzle and they are removed for the casting of molten metal.
Le dispositif de l'invention sera maintenant décrit de façon plus détaillée, en faisant référence au dessin annexé, dont la figure unique illustre, à titre d'exemple, l'utilisation d'un venturi d'aspiration amovible monté sur une busette de coulée à quenouille de fermeture.The device of the invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the attached drawing, the single figure of which illustrates, for example, the use of a removable suction venturi mounted on a casting spout with closing stopper.
Dans cette figure, on a représenté un fragment du fond réfractaire 1 d'un
récipient de coulée tel qu'un panier répartiteur, avec une busette de
coulée composée d'une busette de fond 2 et d'une busette extérieure 3.
La fermeture et l'ouverture du trou de coulée sont assurées par une quenouille
4. De façon connue en soi, l'intérieur du panier est préchauffé
au moyen de brûleurs, non représentés; ce préchauffage est symbolisé par
les volutes 5, figurant l'air chaud présent dans le panier.In this figure, a fragment of the
Un venturi d'aspiration 6 est monté à l'extrémité de sortie de la busette
extérieure 3, dans le prolongement de celle-ci, avec sa partie convergente
raccordée à l'orifice de sortie de la busette. Ce venturi 6 est
alimenté en air comprimé à basse pression par un orifice latéral débouchant
en amont du col et relié à une source d'air comprimé symbolisée par
la flèche 7.A
Le dispositif est avantageusement complété par un manchon 8, de préférence
tronconique, posé sur le fond réfractaire 1, autour du trou de coulée.
La section du manchon 8 doit être suffisante pour permettre le passage
de la quenouille 4. Le manchon 8 est en outre pourvu de trous 9 à
sa partie inférieure, c'est-à-dire à proximité de la surface du fond 1.The device is advantageously completed by a
Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif se comprend aisément à partir de la figure et de la description qui précède.The operation of this device is easily understood from the figure and the description above.
L'injection d'un faible débit d'air comprimé à basse pression (7) dans
le venturi 6 a pour effet, par détente de cet air dans la partie divergente
du venturi, de créer une aspiration dans la partie convergente du
venturi et en amont de celle-ci, c'est-à-dire dans les busettes 3 et 2.
Il en résulte une aspiration de l'air chaud 5 qui se trouve à l'intérieur
du panier. Cet air chaud s'écoule par les trous 9 du manchon 8, puis dans
les busettes 2 et 3 et enfin à travers le venturi 6, d'où il est soit rejeté
à l'atmosphère, soit recueilli dans un collecteur non représenté. The injection of a low flow of compressed air at low pressure (7) into
the
Grâce à la disposition judicieuse des trous 9 à la partie inférieure du
manchon 8, le courant d'air chaud baigne en même temps la pointe de la
quenouille 4 et le trou de coulée à l'entrée de la busette de fond 2,
avant de chauffer l'ensemble des busettes 2 et 3.Thanks to the judicious arrangement of the
La présence du manchon 8 permet de maintenir un volume d'air chaud et
ainsi de prévenir le refroidissement de la quenouille 4 et du trou de
coulée en cas d'arrêt du préchauffage du panier.The presence of the
A titre d'exemple, on a réalisé le préchauffage de divers types de busettes de coulée en utilisant un venturi d'aspiration en acier inoxydable ayant un diamètre de 40 mm au col. L'air était comprimé à 4 bar et son débit était de 80 Nm3/h.By way of example, the preheating of various types of pouring nozzles was carried out using a suction venturi made of stainless steel having a diameter of 40 mm at the neck. The air was compressed to 4 bar and its flow rate was 80 Nm 3 / h.
Le dispositif de l'invention présente de nombreux avantages, en particulier :
- l'absence d'usure, du fait qu'il ne comporte aucune pièce en mouvement à haute température;
- un montage et une mise en oeuvre aisés, en raison du faible encombrement du venturi d'aspiration;
- une durée de chauffage illimitée;
- l'obtention d'une température homogène dans toutes les pièces en matériau réfractaire.
- the absence of wear, owing to the fact that it does not comprise any moving part at high temperature;
- easy assembly and implementation, due to the small size of the suction venturi;
- unlimited heating time;
- obtaining a uniform temperature in all the pieces of refractory material.
De plus, le dispositif requiert uniquement la consommation d'air comprimé à basse pression et sous un faible débit. Enfin, il convient pour assurer le préchauffage de tous les types de busettes de coulée, en particulier de la busette à jet creux avec dôme de répartition, parce que le courant d'air chaud parcourt la busette de haut en bas, c'est-à-dire dans le même sens que le métal pendant la coulée.In addition, the device only requires the consumption of compressed air at low pressure and at low flow. Finally, it is suitable to ensure preheating all types of casting nozzles, in particular of the hollow jet nozzle with distribution dome, because the current hot air runs from top to bottom, i.e. in the same sense that metal during casting.
Claims (8)
- Device for preheating a nozzle (2, 3) for pouring a molten metal, which comprises means for producing a hot gaseous mixture (5) near the inlet orifice of the said pouring nozzle (2), and means (6), located at the output end of the pouring nozzle (2, 3), for making the said hot gaseous mixture (5) flow in the said pouring nozzle (2, 3) over the entire length of the latter in the direction of flow of the metal during the pouring operation, characterized in that the said flow means (6) comprise a suction venturi, the convergent part of which is connected to the orifice of the pouring nozzle (2, 3), along the extension of the latter.
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means for producing the said hot gaseous mixture (5) comprise at least one burner.
- Device according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes a sleeve (8) placed around the inlet orifice of the pouring nozzle (2, 3), along the extension of the latter.
- Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the said sleeve (8) is provided with holes (9) through which the said hot gaseous mixture (5) is intended to pass.
- Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the said holes (9) are located in the lower part of the said sleeve (8).
- Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the suction venturi (6) is made of stainless steel.
- Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the suction venturi (6) is supplied laterally with compressed air at a pressure of approximately 4 bar.
- Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outlet orifice of the pouring nozzle (2, 3), or respectively of the flow means (6), is connected to a system for collecting the said hot gaseous mixture (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9100033 | 1991-01-16 | ||
BE9100033A BE1004612A6 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Warming device of a nozzle of a metal fusion casting. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0495764A1 EP0495764A1 (en) | 1992-07-22 |
EP0495764B1 true EP0495764B1 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
Family
ID=3885280
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92870003A Expired - Lifetime EP0495764B1 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1992-01-07 | Preheating device for a molten metal casting nozzle |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0495764B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0623519A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE174238T1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE1004612A6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69227789T2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007016018A1 (en) | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | Sms Demag Ag | burner arrangement |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7263942B1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2007-09-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Fin stabilizer for vessel and control method and control program therefor |
JP2013169560A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-09-02 | Akechi Ceramics Co Ltd | Suction heating device for preheating long nozzle and preheating method for long nozzle |
CN106862548A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-20 | 石家庄钢铁有限责任公司 | A kind of continuous casting intermediate inlet toasts bottom extractor fan and method online |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH597949A5 (en) * | 1976-07-27 | 1978-04-14 | Concast Ag | Preheating bottom outlet stopper of cold tundish |
GB2123726A (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1984-02-08 | James Menzies Thornton | Ladle etc. stopper |
BE1004282A6 (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1992-10-27 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Warming device of casting nozzle for metal fusion and casting plant of metal equipped with this device. |
-
1991
- 1991-01-16 BE BE9100033A patent/BE1004612A6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-01-07 AT AT92870003T patent/ATE174238T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-07 DE DE69227789T patent/DE69227789T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-07 EP EP92870003A patent/EP0495764B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-10 JP JP4022143A patent/JPH0623519A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007016018A1 (en) | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | Sms Demag Ag | burner arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69227789D1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
ATE174238T1 (en) | 1998-12-15 |
DE69227789T2 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
BE1004612A6 (en) | 1992-12-22 |
JPH0623519A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
EP0495764A1 (en) | 1992-07-22 |
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