EP1325161B1 - Blowing lance nozzle - Google Patents

Blowing lance nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1325161B1
EP1325161B1 EP01969081A EP01969081A EP1325161B1 EP 1325161 B1 EP1325161 B1 EP 1325161B1 EP 01969081 A EP01969081 A EP 01969081A EP 01969081 A EP01969081 A EP 01969081A EP 1325161 B1 EP1325161 B1 EP 1325161B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
central
front wall
depression
passage
cooling liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01969081A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1325161A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Thomas
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Individual
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors

Definitions

  • lance noses work at a distance of bath from 1 to 2.5 m, while the bath has a temperature of the order 1400 ° C. Under these operating conditions, the temperature of the nose can grow quickly at 400 ° C, and have to stay in this environment for about 20 minutes. Then, when the spear is removed, the nose quickly returns to room temperature, that is, to 20 ° C.
  • the present invention aims to propose a nose of launches who is able to undergo the important solicitations to which he subject to a significant number of successive uses, all by providing a simple lance nose to manufacture and defensible cost.
  • a nose of blow lance as described at the beginning, wherein said third front wall has a central depression which is directed towards central opening and which has a ratio between height of depression and base of depression equal to or greater than 0.35, said second front wall has, around the central opening, a central deformation in the form of a truncated cone, which is directed towards said first front wall, and space heat exchange has a section for the passage of the coolant which is substantially constant so as to get a coolant flow velocity through this space which is approximately constant, in the presence of depression.
  • said central depression has a ratio of height to base equal to or greater than 0.4, in especially at 0.5, and preferably even at 0.8.
  • section for the passage of liquid from “cooling” means that the affected sections are taken perpendicular to the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange space.
  • the flow / section ratio remains constant and therefore the speed of passage of the liquid also remains constant. It can thus be ensured that at a given speed of passage, and at the critical temperature of the front wall to be cooled, none Cavitation phenomenon is not likely to occur in the liquid of cooling, which generally is water.
  • a flow rate of the flow liquid between 8 and 12 m / sec.
  • the nose of lance comprises several aforementioned passage conduits arranged around of a central axis and in that said central depression extends from said outlet ports of these conduits.
  • the basis of depression is thus advantageously maximum and allows improved efficiency of heat exchange in the depression.
  • the third end wall has an outer diameter and the base of said depression is a circle with a diameter of at least 0.25 x said outer diameter, preferably at least 0.33 x this diameter external.
  • the central depression is thus not according to the invention in any way a small central recess laid out in the wall of the nose for strengthen the rigidity of it.
  • said third front wall has a depression central cone-shaped.
  • said cone and said truncated cone have a common axis and the central depression in cone shape forms with this axis an angle greater than the formed angle between this axis and the central deformation in the form of a truncated cone.
  • the section can remain constant and the flow velocity of the flow liquid also remains equivalent to that obtained along the entire third front wall.
  • the central depression is at least partially covered by a screen protector made of a material with high thermal resistance. It could be a disc-shaped plate that is carried by the depression central or tight against it and therefore requires no welding for its fixation. Thermal exchange between the coolant and the third front wall remains unchanged, while a large part the area of the third end wall is protected from overheating excessive.
  • a spear nose 1 of FIG. blowing This nose includes a central tube 2 for the gas supply brewing.
  • This central tube 2 is closed by a front wall 3 which, in the illustrated example, is provided with several openings 4.
  • An inner tube 5 is arranged coaxially around of the central tube 2 and these tubes form between them an annular cavity 6 which, in the example illustrated, is used to supply water to cooling in the direction of arrow F ,.
  • This inner tube 5 is closed by a front wall 7 which is called a separator.
  • This wall 7 is provided with a central opening 8 and an orifice 9 in the alignment of each opening 4 in the central tube 2.
  • An outer tube 10 is arranged coaxially around the central tube 2.
  • This outer tube is generally made of steel and forms with the inner tube 5 an annular cavity 11 which, in the example illustrated, serves for the outlet of water from cooling in the direction of the arrow F 2 .
  • This outer tube 10 is closed by a front wall 12 which faces the bath to be stirred and which is therefore subjected to critical thermal stresses, as explained above.
  • this front wall is made of a material that is a good conductor of heat, for example copper, to allow as efficient a heat exchange as possible between the heated front wall 12 and the cooling water passing through the heat exchange space. 13 which is located between the front wall 7 of the inner tube 5 and the front wall 12 of the outer tube 10.
  • the cooling water coming from the cavity 6 passes through the central opening 8 in the heat exchange zone 13. There it flows in the direction of the arrow F 3 outwards, that is to say towards the cavity 11.
  • the front wall 12 is also provided with an outlet orifice 14 in alignment with each opening 4 provided in the front wall 3 and with each passage opening 9 provided in the front wall 7.
  • a conduit output 15 for the ejection of brewing gas outside the nose of spear.
  • the outer front wall 12 is, according to the invention, provided in its center of a cone-shaped depression 16, which is directed towards the central opening.
  • this depression is sufficiently pronounced to present a ratio between height of the inner wall of the cone (h) and base diameter (B) equal to or greater than 0.35. In the case illustrated this ratio is equal to about 0.5.
  • this depression 16 extends from the ducts output 15 and therefore forms a cone whose base is maximum.
  • the ratio between the base B of the depression and the outer diameter D of the front wall 12 is about 0.33. Otherwise, by the deep depression, the central zone of the frontal wall 12, which is the most thermally stressed, is discarded at maximum of the bath surface.
  • Figure 3 illustrates how to measure the parameters h and B of the lance nose according to the invention.
  • the height h is calculated between, on the one hand, the tangent plane lower 30 of the lance nose perpendicular to the axis 19 and the parallel plane 31 tangent to the top of the depression. If something foreign to the depression is expected at the top of it, such as the pulling 20 in Figure 2, the plane 31 remains in the position it would have if this foreign element did not exist. The summit of depression must be then considered as a virtual point to be taken into account in the measured.
  • the base B is located in the lower tangent plane 30. It is circumscribed by line 32 resulting from the intersection between this plane 30 and the extension 33 of the internal faces 34 of the depression. We do not hold therefore no rounding counts.
  • the outer diameter of the front wall 12 is taken where its value is maximum.
  • This deformation 17 has a frustoconical shape open upwards through the central opening 8.
  • This truncated cone 17 is coaxial with the cone formed by the depression 16, their common axis being the axis 19 of the lance nose.
  • the cone of the depression 16 forms with the axis 19 an angle greater than the angle formed between this axis and the imaginary extension of the truncated cone 17 up to this axis.
  • the truncated cone 17 is further away from the cone 16 at its summit than at its base. At its summit, the truncated cone is narrower. So, the section of the heat exchange space located between the front walls 7 and 12, which is measured in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction of the coolant, remains constant even in the presence of the projected central depression 16 in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG.
  • the lance nose according to the invention is therefore arranged in order to provide for the full extent of the heat exchange zone 13 a constant passage section for the coolant.
  • this ratio corresponding to a speed of passage of the flow liquid expressed in m / sec.
  • the flow and the section will be determined to obtain a speed of approximately constant passage and between 8 and 12 m / sec. The phenomenon of cavitation can thus be avoided as much as possible. greatly improves the efficiency of the heat exchange obtained in the nose.
  • FIG. represented a lance nose that is different from the one depicted on the Figure 1 in that the depression 16 is more pronounced.
  • the top of the depression 16 protrudes through the opening 8 and opens therefore even in the space between the front walls 3 and 7, which allows to obtain a ratio between h and B equal to or greater than 0.8.
  • a retaining element for example a tie rod 20, between the top of the vacuum and a nut arranged on or in the front wall 3 of the tube central 2.
  • the central depression 16 is, in this exemplary embodiment, completely covered by a plate 21 thermally resistant. In this way, while allowing a unchanged heat exchange between the cooling water and the cone formed by the depression 16, the central part of the lance nose is thermally insulated from the heat of the bath, which enhances the efficiency of heat exchange and allows a longer life of the nose of spear.
  • plate 21 is composite, that is to say it has a layer outer part of a refractory material, for example ceramic, or refractory steel and an inner layer of thermally insulation, such as fibrous alumina.
  • a refractory material for example ceramic, or refractory steel
  • an inner layer of thermally insulation such as fibrous alumina.
  • this plate is simply tight between the head 22 of a threaded rod 23 passing through the plate 21 and screwed in a thread provided in the head of the tie rod 20.
  • Other modes of fixing this plate could of course be provided.
  • the lifetime of a nose is calculated on the number of cast that could be brewed before having to discard this nose. As can be seen from this table, the improvement in the average duration of life of the nose according to the invention is remarkable and totally unexpected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

A blowing lance nozzle (1) having: a central tube (2) supplying stirring gas, an inner tube (5) for intake of a cooling liquid, an outer tube (10) for evacuation of the cooling liquid, a heat exchanging space (13), and an outlet conduit (15) for the stirring gas exiting from each orifice (4) in the front wall (3). The front wall (12) has a central recess (16) which is oriented towards the central orifice (8) and has a recess height/recess base ratio not less than 0.35. The heat exchanging space has a section for allowing passage of the cooling liquid through the space at a speed which is substantially constant, so as to obtain a cooling liquid passage speed, through the space, which is more or less constant.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un nez de lance de soufflage, destinée au brassage de bains, comprenant

  • un tube central d'alimentation en gaz de brassage, fermé à une extrémité tournée vers le bain par une première paroi frontale pourvue d'au moins une ouverture,
  • un tube interne formant avec le tube central une première cavité annulaire pour le passage d'un liquide de refroidissement et fermé à une extrémité tournée vers le bain par une deuxième paroi frontale présentant une ouverture centrale et un orifice de passage par ouverture prévue dans ladite première paroi frontale,
  • un tube externe formant avec le tube interne une deuxième cavité annulaire pour le passage du liquide de refroidissement et fermé à une extrémité tournée vers le bain par une troisième paroi frontale présentant un orifice de sortie par ouverture prévue dans ladite première paroi frontale,
  • un espace d'échange thermique qui est situé entre, d'une part, ladite deuxième paroi frontale et ladite troisième paroi frontale et, d'autre part, ladite ouverture centrale et ladite deuxième cavité annulaire, et dans lequel s'écoule le liquide de refroidissement, et
  • un conduit de sortie pour le gaz de brassage partant de chaque ouverture dans ladite première paroi frontale et allant jusqu'à un orifice de sortie susdit correspondant en passant par un orifice de passage susdit correspondant d'une manière étanche au liquide de refroidissement.
The present invention relates to a blow lance nose, intended for brewing baths, comprising
  • a central tube for supplying a stirring gas, closed at one end facing the bath by a first end wall provided with at least one opening,
  • an inner tube forming with the central tube a first annular cavity for the passage of a cooling liquid and closed at an end facing the bath by a second end wall having a central opening and an opening opening orifice provided in said first front wall,
  • an outer tube forming with the inner tube a second annular cavity for the passage of the cooling liquid and closed at one end facing the bath by a third end wall having an opening opening opening provided in said first end wall,
  • a heat exchange space which is located between, on the one hand, said second end wall and said third end wall and, on the other hand, said central opening and said second annular cavity, and in which flows the liquid of cooling, and
  • an outlet duct for the stir gas from each opening in said first end wall and up to a corresponding said outlet port through a aforesaid passage opening in a coolant-tight manner.

On connaít depuis longtemps des nez de lance de soufflage de ce genre. On peut citer à titre d'exemples les nez de lance de soufflage décrits dans la EP-A-0 340 207, la WO-97/000973, et le US-A-4.432.534.We have known for a long time the lance noses of blowing of this kind. Examples of these are lance noses blowing media described in EP-A-0 340 207, WO-97/000973, and US-A-4,432,534.

Pour brasser avec des jets d'oxygène des bains de convertisseurs d'aciérie, les nez de lance travaillent à une distance du bain de 1 à 2,5 m, alors que le bain présente une température de l'ordre de 1400°C. Dans ces conditions opératoires, la température du nez peut croítre rapidement à 400°C, et devoir rester dans cet environnement pendant environ 20 minutes. Ensuite, lorsque la lance est retirée, le nez retourne rapidement à la température ambiante, c'est-à-dire à 20°C.To brew with oxygen jets baths of steelmaking converters, lance noses work at a distance of bath from 1 to 2.5 m, while the bath has a temperature of the order 1400 ° C. Under these operating conditions, the temperature of the nose can grow quickly at 400 ° C, and have to stay in this environment for about 20 minutes. Then, when the spear is removed, the nose quickly returns to room temperature, that is, to 20 ° C.

Il est donc prévu de construire les parois frontales des nez de lance en une matière très bonne conductrice de la chaleur, par exemple en cuivre, pour permettre un échange thermique aussi efficace que possible avec un liquide de refroidissement qui s'écoule à grande vitesse le long de cette paroi, à l'intérieur du nez. Toutefois, les nez de lance déjà connus présentent l'inconvénient d'offrir un refroidissement qui n'est pas uniforme sur toute la surface de cette paroi exposée à des variations de conditions thermiques extrêmement critiques. Il en résulte des tensions mécaniques entre les différentes zones de la paroi.So it is planned to build the front walls of the nose lance in a very good heat conducting material, for example example in copper, to allow a thermal exchange as effective as possible with a coolant flowing at great speed along this wall, inside the nose. However, the noses of launches already known have the disadvantage of offering a cooling which is not uniform over the entire surface of this wall exposed to variations of extremely critical thermal conditions. It results mechanical tensions between the different areas of the wall.

Par ailleurs, on observe fréquemment des phénomènes de cavitation dans le liquide de refroidissement par suite de dépressions locales dans celui-ci. Cette cavitation a pour effet d'engendrer un mauvais refroidissement entre le liquide de refroidissement et la paroi à refroidir, les échanges thermiques étant beaucoup moins bons entre une phase gazeuse et une phase solide qu'entre une phase liquide et une phase solide.In addition, phenomena of cavitation in the coolant as a result of depressions local in this one. This cavitation has the effect of generating a bad cooling between the coolant and the wall to cool, the heat exchange is much worse between a gas phase and a solid phase only between a liquid phase and a solid phase.

De nombreuses tentatives ont été effectuées pour adoucir l'écoulement du liquide de refroidissement à l'intérieur du nez de lance, par exemple en pratiquant de légères dépressions dans la paroi frontale externe du nez (voir par exemple US-A-4.432.534 et WO 96123082). Ces agencements présentent toutefois l'inconvénient de ne pas offrir une surface d'échange thermique suffisante, en particulier dans la zone centrale du nez.Many attempts have been made to soften the flow of the coolant inside the lance nose, for example by practicing slight depressions in the frontal wall external of the nose (see for example US-A-4,432,534 and WO 96123082). These However, the arrangements have the disadvantage of not offering a sufficient heat exchange area, especially in the area central of the nose.

Il est par ailleurs prévu, dans la zone centrale du nez de lance décrit dans la EP-A-0340207, une dépression importante sur laquelle sont dirigés des jets secondaires de liquide de refroidissement, ce qui a pour effet de provoquer un tourbillonnement dans l'écoulement du liquide.It is also expected, in the central area of the nose of lance described in EP-A-0340207, a significant depression on which are directed secondary jets of coolant, which has the effect of causing a swirl in the flow liquid.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un nez de lance qui soit capable de subir les sollicitations importantes auxquelles il est soumis, pendant un nombre significatif d'utilisations successives, tout en fournissant un nez de lance simple à fabriquer et de coût défendable.The present invention aims to propose a nose of launches who is able to undergo the important solicitations to which he subject to a significant number of successive uses, all by providing a simple lance nose to manufacture and defensible cost.

On résout ce problème, suivant l'invention, par un nez de lance de soufflage, tel que décrit au début, dans lequel ladite troisième paroi frontale présente une dépression centrale qui est dirigée vers ladite ouverture centrale et qui présente un rapport entre hauteur de dépression et base de dépression égal ou supérieur à 0,35, ladite deuxième paroi frontale présente, autour de l'ouverture centrale, une déformation centrale en forme de tronc de cône, qui est dirigée vers ladite première paroi frontale, et l'espace d'échange thermique susdit présente une section pour le passage du liquide de refroidissement qui est sensiblement constante, de manière à obtenir une vitesse de passage du liquide de refroidissement à travers cet espace qui soit approximativement constante, en présence de ladite dépression.This problem is solved according to the invention by a nose of blow lance, as described at the beginning, wherein said third front wall has a central depression which is directed towards central opening and which has a ratio between height of depression and base of depression equal to or greater than 0.35, said second front wall has, around the central opening, a central deformation in the form of a truncated cone, which is directed towards said first front wall, and space heat exchange has a section for the passage of the coolant which is substantially constant so as to get a coolant flow velocity through this space which is approximately constant, in the presence of depression.

Par une telle dépression, la surface d'échange thermique augmente fortement par rapport à une même surface du front de chaleur provenant du bain, et cela sans entraíner ni tourbillonnement, ni cavitation dans le liquide. Avantageusement, ladite dépression centrale présente un rapport entre hauteur et base égal ou supérieur à 0,4, en particulier à 0,5, et préférentiellement même à 0,8. By such a depression, the heat exchange surface strongly increases compared to the same surface of the heat front from the bath, without causing any swirling or cavitation in the liquid. Advantageously, said central depression has a ratio of height to base equal to or greater than 0.4, in especially at 0.5, and preferably even at 0.8.

Par l'expression "section pour le passage de liquide de refroidissement", il faut entendre que les sections visées sont prises perpendiculairement au sens d'écoulement du liquide de refroidissement dans l'espace d'échange thermique.By the expression "section for the passage of liquid from "cooling" means that the affected sections are taken perpendicular to the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange space.

De cette manière, à débit constant, le rapport débit/section reste constant et donc la vitesse de passage du liquide reste également constante. On peut ainsi assurer qu'à une vitesse de passage donnée, et à la température critique de la paroi frontale à refroidir, aucun phénomène de cavitation ne risque de se produire dans le liquide de refroidissement, lequel d'une manière générale est de l'eau. Avantageusement, pour les températures de paroi frontale indiquées plus haut on prévoira une vitesse de passage du liquide d'écoulement comprise entre 8 et 12 m/sec.In this way, at constant flow, the flow / section ratio remains constant and therefore the speed of passage of the liquid also remains constant. It can thus be ensured that at a given speed of passage, and at the critical temperature of the front wall to be cooled, none Cavitation phenomenon is not likely to occur in the liquid of cooling, which generally is water. Advantageously, for the indicated front wall temperatures above it will be provided a flow rate of the flow liquid between 8 and 12 m / sec.

Par section sensiblement constante, il faut entendre, suivant l'invention, que la superficie de cette section ne puisse pas varier dans des limites supérieures à 10 %.By substantially constant section, it must be understood, according to the invention, that the area of this section can not vary within limits of more than 10%.

Suivant une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le nez de lance comprend plusieurs conduits de passage susdits disposés autour d'un axe central et en ce que ladite dépression centrale s'étend depuis lesdits orifices de sortie de ces conduits. La base de la dépression est ainsi avantageusement maximale et permet une efficacité améliorée de l'échange thermique dans la dépression. D'une manière perfectionnée, la troisième paroi frontale présente un diamètre externe et la base de ladite dépression est un cercle présentant un diamètre égal à au moins 0,25 x ledit diamètre externe, de préférence à au moins 0,33 x ce diamètre externe. La dépression centrale n'est ainsi suivant l'invention en aucune façon un petit renfoncement central aménagé dans la paroi du nez pour renforcer la rigidité de celui-ci. According to one embodiment of the invention, the nose of lance comprises several aforementioned passage conduits arranged around of a central axis and in that said central depression extends from said outlet ports of these conduits. The basis of depression is thus advantageously maximum and allows improved efficiency of heat exchange in the depression. In an improved way, the third end wall has an outer diameter and the base of said depression is a circle with a diameter of at least 0.25 x said outer diameter, preferably at least 0.33 x this diameter external. The central depression is thus not according to the invention in any way a small central recess laid out in the wall of the nose for strengthen the rigidity of it.

Suivant une forme de réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, ladite troisième paroi frontale présente une dépression centrale en forme de cône.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said third front wall has a depression central cone-shaped.

De préférence, ledit cône et ledit tronc de cône ont un axe commun et la dépression centrale en forme de cône forme avec cet axe un angle supérieur à l'angle formé entre cet axe et la déformation centrale en forme de tronc de cône. De cette manière, même dans l'espace d'échange thermique situé entre la dépression centrale de la troisième paroi frontale et la déformation centrale de la deuxième paroi frontale, la section peut rester constante et la vitesse de passage du liquide d'écoulement reste là aussi équivalente à celle obtenue le long de toute la troisième paroi frontale.Preferably, said cone and said truncated cone have a common axis and the central depression in cone shape forms with this axis an angle greater than the formed angle between this axis and the central deformation in the form of a truncated cone. Of this way even in the heat exchange space located between the central depression of the third end wall and deformation center of the second front wall, the section can remain constant and the flow velocity of the flow liquid also remains equivalent to that obtained along the entire third front wall.

Suivant une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, la dépression centrale est couverte au moins partiellement d'un écran protecteur en un matériau à haute résistance thermique. Il peut s'agir d'une plaque en forme de disque qui est portée par la dépression centrale ou serrée contre elle et qui ne nécessite donc aucun soudage pour sa fixation. L'échange thermique entre le liquide de refroidissement et la troisième paroi frontale reste inchangé, tandis qu'une grande partie de la superficie de la troisième paroi frontale est à l'abri d'une surchauffe excessive.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the central depression is at least partially covered by a screen protector made of a material with high thermal resistance. It could be a disc-shaped plate that is carried by the depression central or tight against it and therefore requires no welding for its fixation. Thermal exchange between the coolant and the third front wall remains unchanged, while a large part the area of the third end wall is protected from overheating excessive.

D'autres formes de réalisation du nez de lance suivant l'invention sont indiquées dans les revendications annexées.Other embodiments of the following lance nose the invention are indicated in the appended claims.

D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après, à titre non limitatif, d'exemples de réalisation de l'invention, et en faisant référence aux dessins annexés.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe axiale d'un nez de lance de soufflage suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe axiale d'une variante de réalisation.
  • La figure 3 représente un détail d'un nez de lance suivant l'invention, pour illustrer le mode de mesure des paramètres nécessaires à l'invention.
    • Other details and features of the invention will become apparent from the description given below, without limitation, examples of embodiments of the invention, and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Figure 1 shows an axial sectional view of a blowing nozzle nose according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an axial sectional view of an alternative embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 represents a detail of a lance nose according to the invention, to illustrate the mode of measurement of the parameters necessary for the invention.

    • Sur les différents dessins, les éléments identiques ou analogues sont désignés par les mêmes références.On the different drawings, identical or analogs are designated by the same references.

    Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un nez 1 de lance de soufflage. Ce nez comprend un tube central 2 pour l'alimentation en gaz de brassage. Ce tube central 2 est fermé par une paroi frontale 3 qui, dans l'exemple illustré, est pourvue de plusieurs ouvertures 4.In FIG. 1, a spear nose 1 of FIG. blowing. This nose includes a central tube 2 for the gas supply brewing. This central tube 2 is closed by a front wall 3 which, in the illustrated example, is provided with several openings 4.

    Un tube interne 5 est agencé de manière coaxiale autour du tube central 2 et ces tubes forment entre eux une cavité annulaire 6 qui, dans l'exemple illustré, sert à l'alimentation en eau de refroidissement dans le sens de la flèche F,. Ce tube interne 5 est fermé par une paroi frontale 7 que l'on appelle un séparateur. Cette paroi frontale 7 est pourvue d'une ouverture centrale 8 et d'un orifice 9 dans l'alignement de chaque ouverture 4 dans le tube central 2.An inner tube 5 is arranged coaxially around of the central tube 2 and these tubes form between them an annular cavity 6 which, in the example illustrated, is used to supply water to cooling in the direction of arrow F ,. This inner tube 5 is closed by a front wall 7 which is called a separator. This wall 7 is provided with a central opening 8 and an orifice 9 in the alignment of each opening 4 in the central tube 2.

    Un tube externe 10 est agencé de manière coaxiale autour du tube central 2. Ce tube externe est généralement en acier et il forme avec le tube interne 5 une cavité annulaire 11 qui, dans l'exemple illustré, sert à la sortie d'eau de refroidissement dans le sens de la flèche F2. Ce tube externe 10 est fermé par une paroi frontale 12 qui fait face au bain à brasser et qui est donc soumise à des sollicitations thermiques critiques, comme expliqué plus haut. Avantageusement, cette paroi frontale est en une matière bonne conductrice de la chaleur, par exempte en cuivre, pour permettre un échange thermique aussi efficace que possible entre la paroi frontale 12 chauffée et l'eau de refroidissement passant dans l'espace d'échange thermique 13 qui est situé entre la paroi frontale 7 du tube interne 5 et la paroi frontale 12 du tube externe 10. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, l'eau de refroidissement venant de la cavité 6 passe par l'ouverture centrale 8 dans la zone d'échange thermique 13. Là elle s'écoule dans le sens'de la flèche F3 vers l'extérieur, c'est-à-dire vers la cavité 11.An outer tube 10 is arranged coaxially around the central tube 2. This outer tube is generally made of steel and forms with the inner tube 5 an annular cavity 11 which, in the example illustrated, serves for the outlet of water from cooling in the direction of the arrow F 2 . This outer tube 10 is closed by a front wall 12 which faces the bath to be stirred and which is therefore subjected to critical thermal stresses, as explained above. Advantageously, this front wall is made of a material that is a good conductor of heat, for example copper, to allow as efficient a heat exchange as possible between the heated front wall 12 and the cooling water passing through the heat exchange space. 13 which is located between the front wall 7 of the inner tube 5 and the front wall 12 of the outer tube 10. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the cooling water coming from the cavity 6 passes through the central opening 8 in the heat exchange zone 13. There it flows in the direction of the arrow F 3 outwards, that is to say towards the cavity 11.

    La paroi frontale 12 est aussi pourvue d'un orifice de sortie 14 en alignement avec chaque ouverture 4 prévue dans la paroi frontale 3 et avec chaque orifice de passage 9 prévu dans la paroi frontale 7. Dans chacun de ces orifices et ouvertures alignés est agencé un conduit de sortie 15 pour l'éjection de gaz de brassage à l'extérieur du nez de lance. Ces conduits sont avantageusement réalisés en une matière résistant à l'érosion, par exemple en bronze, et sont dirigés en oblique par rapport à l'axe 19 du nez de lance.The front wall 12 is also provided with an outlet orifice 14 in alignment with each opening 4 provided in the front wall 3 and with each passage opening 9 provided in the front wall 7. In each of these orifices and aligned openings is arranged a conduit output 15 for the ejection of brewing gas outside the nose of spear. These ducts are advantageously made of a material resistant to erosion, for example bronze, and are obliquely relative to the axis 19 of the lance nose.

    Ainsi qu'il ressort de l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la paroi frontale extérieure 12 est, suivant l'invention, pourvue en son centre d'une dépression 16 en forme de cône, qui est dirigée vers l'ouverture centrale. De préférence cette dépression est suffisamment prononcée pour présenter un rapport entre hauteur de la paroi interne du cône (h) et diamètre de base (B) égal ou supérieur à 0,35. Dans le cas illustré ce rapport est égal à environ 0,5. De cette manière, la zone d'échange thermique 13 est grandement augmentée pour un même front de chaleur subi par le nez de lance, d'où une efficacité augmentée du refroidissement de la paroi frontale 12. Il est tout à fait avantageux, comme représenté, que cette dépression 16 s'étende depuis les conduits de sortie 15 et forme donc un cône dont la base soit maximale. Dans l'exemple illustré, le rapport entre la base B de la dépression et le diamètre externe D de la paroi frontale 12 est d'environ 0,33. Par ailleurs, par la dépression profonde, la zone centrale de la paroi frontale extérieure 12, qui est thermiquement la plus sollicitée, est écartée au maximum de la surface du bain.As is apparent from the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the outer front wall 12 is, according to the invention, provided in its center of a cone-shaped depression 16, which is directed towards the central opening. Preferably this depression is sufficiently pronounced to present a ratio between height of the inner wall of the cone (h) and base diameter (B) equal to or greater than 0.35. In the case illustrated this ratio is equal to about 0.5. In this way, the area heat exchange 13 is greatly increased for the same front of heat from the spearhead, resulting in increased efficiency of the cooling of the front wall 12. It is quite advantageous, as shown, that this depression 16 extends from the ducts output 15 and therefore forms a cone whose base is maximum. In illustrated example, the ratio between the base B of the depression and the outer diameter D of the front wall 12 is about 0.33. Otherwise, by the deep depression, the central zone of the frontal wall 12, which is the most thermally stressed, is discarded at maximum of the bath surface.

    La figure 3 illustre comment il faut mesurer les paramètres h et B du nez de lance suivant l'invention.Figure 3 illustrates how to measure the parameters h and B of the lance nose according to the invention.

    La hauteur h se calcule entre, d'une part, le plan tangent inférieur 30 du nez de lance perpendiculaire à l'axe 19 et le plan parallèle 31 tangent au sommet de la dépression. Si un élément étranger à la dépression est prévu au sommet de celle-ci, comme par exemple le tirant 20 sur la figure 2, le plan 31 reste dans la position qu'il aurait si cet élément étranger n'existait pas. Le sommet de la dépression doit être alors considéré comme un point virtuel à prendre en compte dans la mesure.The height h is calculated between, on the one hand, the tangent plane lower 30 of the lance nose perpendicular to the axis 19 and the parallel plane 31 tangent to the top of the depression. If something foreign to the depression is expected at the top of it, such as the pulling 20 in Figure 2, the plane 31 remains in the position it would have if this foreign element did not exist. The summit of depression must be then considered as a virtual point to be taken into account in the measured.

    La base B est située dans le plan tangent inférieur 30. Elle est circonscrite par la ligne 32 résultant du croisement entre ce plan 30 et le prolongement 33 des faces internes 34 de la dépression. On ne tient donc pas compte des arrondis.The base B is located in the lower tangent plane 30. It is circumscribed by line 32 resulting from the intersection between this plane 30 and the extension 33 of the internal faces 34 of the depression. We do not hold therefore no rounding counts.

    Ainsi qu'on peut le voir sur la figure 1, le diamètre externe de la paroi frontale 12 est pris là où sa valeur est maximale.As can be seen in Figure 1, the outer diameter of the front wall 12 is taken where its value is maximum.

    La paroi frontale 7, servant de séparateur entre l'alimentation en eau et la sortie d'eau, présente elle aussi une déformation centrale 17 dirigée vers la paroi frontale 3. Cette déformation 17 a une forme de tronc de cône ouvert vers le haut par l'ouverture centrale 8.The front wall 7 serving as a separator between the supply in water and the water outlet, also presents a deformation central 17 directed towards the front wall 3. This deformation 17 has a frustoconical shape open upwards through the central opening 8.

    Ce tronc de cône 17 est coaxial au cône formé par la dépression 16, leur axe commun étant l'axe 19 du nez de lance. Le cône de la dépression 16 forme avec l'axe 19 un angle supérieur à l'angle formé entre cet axe et la prolongation imaginaire du tronc de cône 17 jusqu'à cet axe.This truncated cone 17 is coaxial with the cone formed by the depression 16, their common axis being the axis 19 of the lance nose. The cone of the depression 16 forms with the axis 19 an angle greater than the angle formed between this axis and the imaginary extension of the truncated cone 17 up to this axis.

    Il en résulte que le tronc de cône 17 est plus écarté du cône 16 à son sommet qu'à sa base. Or, à son sommet, le tronc de cône est plus étroit. Donc, la section de l'espace d'échange thermique situé entre les parois frontales 7 et 12, qui est mesurée dans un plan perpendiculaire au sens d'écoulement du liquide de refroidissement, reste constante même en présence de la dépression centrale 16 prévue dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1.As a result, the truncated cone 17 is further away from the cone 16 at its summit than at its base. At its summit, the truncated cone is narrower. So, the section of the heat exchange space located between the front walls 7 and 12, which is measured in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction of the coolant, remains constant even in the presence of the projected central depression 16 in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG.

    Par ailleurs, au niveau des conduits de sortie 15, le liquide de refroidissement ne peut passer que dans les interstices situés circonférentiellement entre ces conduits dans l'espace d'échange thermique 13. Par conséquent, pour maintenir à cet endroit une section de passage constante pour le liquide de refroidissement et donc une vitesse de passage constante à un débit donné, un renflement vers l'intérieur 18 dans la paroi frontale 7 servant de séparateur est prévu dans chacun des interstices susdits.Moreover, at the outlet ducts 15, the liquid only in the interstices circumferentially between these conduits in the exchange space Therefore, to maintain a section at this location of constant passage for the coolant and therefore a constant rate of passage at a given flow rate, a bulge towards the inside 18 in the front wall 7 serving as a separator is provided in each of the aforementioned interstices.

    Le nez de lance suivant l'invention est donc agencé de façon à prévoir sur toute l'étendue de la zone d'échange thermique 13 une section de passage constante pour le liquide de refroidissement. A un débit déterminé de l'alimentation en eau on obtient un rapport entre ce débit (d) et la section (S) qui reste constant pendant le fonctionnement de la lance, ce rapport correspondant à une vitesse de passage du liquide d'écoulement exprimée en m/sec. Avantageusement, le débit et la section seront déterminés pour obtenir une vitesse de passage approximativement constante et comprise entre 8 et 12 m/sec. Le phénomène de la cavitation peut ainsi être évité au maximum ce qui améliore grandement l'efficacité de l'échange thermique obtenu dans le nez.The lance nose according to the invention is therefore arranged in order to provide for the full extent of the heat exchange zone 13 a constant passage section for the coolant. AT a given flow of water supply we get a relationship between this flow (d) and the section (S) which remains constant during the operation of the lance, this ratio corresponding to a speed of passage of the flow liquid expressed in m / sec. advantageously, the flow and the section will be determined to obtain a speed of approximately constant passage and between 8 and 12 m / sec. The phenomenon of cavitation can thus be avoided as much as possible. greatly improves the efficiency of the heat exchange obtained in the nose.

    Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 2, on a représenté un nez de lance qui se différencie de celui représenté sur la figure 1 par le fait que la dépression 16 est plus prononcée. Le sommet de la dépression 16 fait saillie à travers l'ouverture 8 et débouche donc même dans l'espace entre les parois frontales 3 et 7, ce qui permet d'obtenir un rapport entre h et B égal ou supérieur à 0,8. Pour mieux assurer la résistance mécanique de la dépression 16, on peut prévoir un élément de retenue, par exemple un tirant 20, entre le sommet de la dépression et un écrou agencé sur ou dans la paroi frontale 3 du tube central 2.In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. represented a lance nose that is different from the one depicted on the Figure 1 in that the depression 16 is more pronounced. The top of the depression 16 protrudes through the opening 8 and opens therefore even in the space between the front walls 3 and 7, which allows to obtain a ratio between h and B equal to or greater than 0.8. For better ensure the mechanical strength of the depression 16, it is possible to provide a retaining element, for example a tie rod 20, between the top of the vacuum and a nut arranged on or in the front wall 3 of the tube central 2.

    Par ailleurs, la dépression centrale 16 est, dans cet exemple de réalisation, totalement couverte par une plaque 21 thermiquement résistante. De cette manière, tout en permettant un échange thermique inchangé entre l'eau de refroidissement et le cône formé par la dépression 16, la partie centrale du nez de lance est thermiquement isolée de la chaleur du bain, ce qui renforce l'efficacité de l'échange thermique et permet une plus longue durée de vie du nez de lance.Moreover, the central depression 16 is, in this exemplary embodiment, completely covered by a plate 21 thermally resistant. In this way, while allowing a unchanged heat exchange between the cooling water and the cone formed by the depression 16, the central part of the lance nose is thermally insulated from the heat of the bath, which enhances the efficiency of heat exchange and allows a longer life of the nose of spear.

    Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 2, la plaque 21 est composite, c'est-à-dire qu'elle présente une couche externe en une matière réfractaire, par exemple en céramique, ou en acier réfractaire et une couche interne en une matière thermiquement isolante, comme par exemple l'alumine fibreuse.In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. plate 21 is composite, that is to say it has a layer outer part of a refractory material, for example ceramic, or refractory steel and an inner layer of thermally insulation, such as fibrous alumina.

    Dans l'exemple illustré, cette plaque est simplement serrée entre la tête 22 d'une tige filetée 23 traversant la plaque 21 et vissée dans un filetage prévu dans la tête du tirant 20. D'autres modes de fixation de cette plaque pourraient bien entendu être prévus.In the illustrated example, this plate is simply tight between the head 22 of a threaded rod 23 passing through the plate 21 and screwed in a thread provided in the head of the tie rod 20. Other modes of fixing this plate could of course be provided.

    Des essais comparatifs ont été réalisés dans les mêmes conditions dans des bains d'une aciérie.Comparative tests were carried out in the same conditions in baths of a steel plant.

    Les essais ont été effectués avec des nez conventionnels de 3 firmes concurrentes (essais I à III sur le tableau ci-dessous), des nez fabriqués par la demanderesse avec une légère dépression centrale dont le rapport h/B = 0,15 et le rapport D/B = 0,15 (essai IV) et des nez suivant l'invention dont le rapport h/B = 0,44 et le rapport D/B = 0,30 (essai V). Essais I II III IV V Durée moyenne de vie 130 130 223 282 366 The tests were carried out with conventional noses of 3 competing firms (tests I to III in the table below), noses manufactured by the plaintiff with a slight central depression whose ratio h / B = 0.15 and the ratio D / B = 0.15 (test IV) and noses according to the invention, the ratio h / B = 0.44 and the ratio D / B = 0.30 (test V). testing I II III IV V Average length of life 130 130 223 282 366

    La durée de vie d'un nez est calculée sur le nombre de coulées qui ont pu être brassées avant de devoir mettre ce nez au rebut. Comme on peut le voir de ce tableau, l'amélioration de la durée moyenne de vie des nez suivant l'invention est remarquable et totalement inattendue.The lifetime of a nose is calculated on the number of cast that could be brewed before having to discard this nose. As can be seen from this table, the improvement in the average duration of life of the nose according to the invention is remarkable and totally unexpected.

    Il doit être entendu que la présente invention n'est en aucune façon limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus et que bien des modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir du cadre des revendications annexées.It should be understood that the present invention is not in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many changes can be made without departing from appended claims.

    Claims (11)

    1. Blow-lance nose (1) intended for stirring baths, comprising
      a central tube (2) for supplying stirring gas, closed at one end turned towards the bath by a first front wall (3) provided with at least one opening (4),
      an internal tube (5) forming with the central tube a first annular cavity (6) for the passage of a cooling liquid and closed at one end turned towards the bath by a second front wall (7) having a central opening (8) and one passage orifice (9) per opening (4) provided in the said first front wall (3),
      an external tube (10) forming with the internal tube (5) a second annular cavity (11) for the passage of the cooling liquid and closed at one end turned towards the bath by a third front wall (12) having one outlet orifice (14) per opening (4) provided in the said first front wall (3),
      a heat exchange space (13) which is situated between on the one hand the said second front wall (7) and the said third front wall (12) and on the other hand the said central opening (8) and the said second annular cavity (11), and in which the cooling liquid flows, and
      an outlet conduit (15) for the stirring gas leaving each opening (4) in the said first front wall (3) and going as far as an aforementioned corresponding outlet orifice (14), passing through an aforementioned corresponding passage orifice (9) in a manner which is impervious to the cooling liquid,
      characterised in that the said third front wall (12) has a central depression (16) which is directed towards the said central opening (8) and which has a ratio between height of depression and base of depression equal to or greater than 0.35, in that the said second front wall (7) has, around the central opening (8), a central deformation (17) in the form of a truncated cone, which is directed towards the said first front wall (3), and in that the aforesaid heat exchange space (13) has a cross-section for the passage of the cooling liquid which is substantially constant, so as to obtain a speed of passage of the cooling liquid through this space which is approximately constant, in the presence of the said depression.
    2. Lance nose according to Claim 1, characterised in that it comprises several aforementioned outlet conduits (15) disposed around a central axis (19) and in that the said central depression (16) extends from the said outlet orifices (14) of these pipes.
    3. Lance nose according to Claim 2, characterised in that the third front wall has an outside diameter and in that the base of the said depression is a circle having a diameter equal to at least 0.25 x the said outside diameter.
    4. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the central depression (16) has the shape of a cone, in that the said cone and the said truncated cone have a common axis (19) and in that the central depression (16) in the form of a cone forms with this axis an angle greater than the angle formed between this axis and the central deformation (17) in the form of a truncated cone.
    5. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the central depression (16) projects through the central opening (8) towards the said first front wall (3).
    6. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises a retaining element (20) which fixes a top of the central depression (16) to the said first front wall (3).
    7. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the central depression (16) is at least partially covered with a protective screen (21) made from a material with high thermal resistance.
    8. Lance nose according to Claim 7, characterised in that the protective screen (21) is carried on a rod (23) fixed to the top of the central depression (16).
    9. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that it comprises several aforementioned outlet conduits (15) separated circumferentially by interstices, and in that the said second front wall has at each aforementioned interstice a bulge (18) directed inwards.
    10. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it has a ratio between the depression height and the depression base equal to or greater than 0.4, advantageously 0.5, preferably 0.8.
    11. Lance nose according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the heat exchange space (13) is supplied with water at a predetermined flow rate and in that it has a ratio between this flow rate and the said cross-section ( d / S) giving rise to a speed of passage of the flow liquid of between 8 and 12 m/sec.
    EP01969081A 2000-09-15 2001-09-11 Blowing lance nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP1325161B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    BE200000588 2000-09-15
    BE2000/0588A BE1013686A3 (en) 2000-09-15 2000-09-15 Blowing nose spear.
    PCT/BE2001/000148 WO2002022892A1 (en) 2000-09-15 2001-09-11 Blowing lance nozzle

    Publications (2)

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    EP1325161A1 EP1325161A1 (en) 2003-07-09
    EP1325161B1 true EP1325161B1 (en) 2005-04-27

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    EP01969081A Expired - Lifetime EP1325161B1 (en) 2000-09-15 2001-09-11 Blowing lance nozzle

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    US (1) US6849228B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1325161B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2004524437A (en)
    KR (1) KR20030046454A (en)
    CN (1) CN1201024C (en)
    AT (1) ATE294245T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU2001289429A1 (en)
    BE (1) BE1013686A3 (en)
    BR (1) BR0113900A (en)
    DE (1) DE60110446D1 (en)
    WO (1) WO2002022892A1 (en)

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US7402274B2 (en) 2005-12-07 2008-07-22 Berry Metal Company Metal making lance slag detection system
    CA2657393A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-01 Berry Metal Company Metal making lance tip assembly
    JP5379073B2 (en) * 2009-06-09 2013-12-25 三星ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 COOLING NOZZLE, COOLING METHOD USING THE COOLING NOZZLE, AND CRIMINATION METHOD FOR BRITTLE MATERIAL SUBSTRATE
    BRPI1102243B1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2018-04-17 Magnesita Refratários S/A REFRIGERATED BOOM FOR INJECTION IN METALLURGICAL VASES
    WO2017178608A1 (en) 2016-04-15 2017-10-19 Soudobeam Sa Blowing lance nozzle
    BE1023609B1 (en) 2016-04-15 2017-05-16 Soudobeam Sa Blowing spear nose
    BE1023685B1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-06-14 Soudobeam Sa NOSE OF BLOWING LANCE
    BE1023582B1 (en) 2016-04-15 2017-05-09 Soudobeam Sa NOSE OF BLOWING LANCE

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    DE7337989U (en) * 1974-01-17 Thyssen Huette A Ag Blowing lance with cooled nozzle head for the oxygen inflation process
    AT313945B (en) * 1969-08-14 1974-03-11 Voest Ag Nozzle head for oxygen blowing lances and burner lances and method for producing the same
    DE2712745C2 (en) * 1977-03-23 1979-03-15 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Ag, 3150 Peine Lance head for fresh lance
    FR2521167B1 (en) * 1982-02-10 1987-04-30 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech GAS INJECTION LANCE FOR METALLURGICAL CONVERTER
    JPS61213311A (en) * 1985-03-18 1986-09-22 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Blowing lance for converter
    DE3509795C1 (en) * 1985-03-19 1986-06-05 Klöckner CRA Technologie GmbH, 4100 Duisburg Water-cooled blowing lance for blowing oxygen onto a molten metal
    AT389710B (en) * 1988-04-25 1990-01-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen BLOWING
    RU2051974C1 (en) * 1995-01-25 1996-01-10 Александр Леонидович Кузьмин Oxygen converter-type tuyere tip
    JPH08302414A (en) * 1995-05-10 1996-11-19 Nippon Steel Corp Lance nozzle for blowing of converter
    BE1009743A3 (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-07-01 Thomas Jacques Tuyere blowing oxygen steel.
    DE29907794U1 (en) * 1999-05-03 1999-07-22 Impact Gesellschaft für Nichteisenmetallverarbeitung mbH, 47445 Moers Lance head for a water-cooled oxygen lance
    US6217824B1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2001-04-17 Berry Metal Company Combined forged and cast lance tip assembly
    US6599464B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2003-07-29 Bernd Feldhaus Steelmaking lance with integral temperature probe

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    Publication number Publication date
    KR20030046454A (en) 2003-06-12
    BE1013686A3 (en) 2002-06-04
    ATE294245T1 (en) 2005-05-15
    BR0113900A (en) 2003-07-22
    JP2004524437A (en) 2004-08-12
    AU2001289429A1 (en) 2002-03-26
    US6849228B2 (en) 2005-02-01
    EP1325161A1 (en) 2003-07-09
    DE60110446D1 (en) 2005-06-02
    CN1201024C (en) 2005-05-11
    WO2002022892A1 (en) 2002-03-21
    US20030178186A1 (en) 2003-09-25
    CN1457368A (en) 2003-11-19

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