EP0493390B1 - Dispositif d'injection d'un melange d'air et de carburant dans des moteurs a combustion interne a cylindres multiples - Google Patents

Dispositif d'injection d'un melange d'air et de carburant dans des moteurs a combustion interne a cylindres multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0493390B1
EP0493390B1 EP90911534A EP90911534A EP0493390B1 EP 0493390 B1 EP0493390 B1 EP 0493390B1 EP 90911534 A EP90911534 A EP 90911534A EP 90911534 A EP90911534 A EP 90911534A EP 0493390 B1 EP0493390 B1 EP 0493390B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel
hole
valve seat
guide section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90911534A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0493390A1 (fr
Inventor
Udo Hafner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0493390A1 publication Critical patent/EP0493390A1/fr
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Publication of EP0493390B1 publication Critical patent/EP0493390B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0675—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages
    • F02M51/0678—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages all portions having fuel passages, e.g. flats, grooves, diameter reductions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/50—Arrangement of fuel distributors, e.g. with means for supplying equal portion of metered fuel to injectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for injecting a fuel-air mixture for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • injection devices do not introduce pure fuel at the injection points of the internal combustion engine, but rather a mixture of fuel and a supporting air flow branched off from the intake line of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel-air mixture is led via the injection lines connected to the individual distributor bores to the injection points of the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • the injection point can do that each cylinder of the internal combustion engine leading intake pipe of the intake line or the inlet valve of the cylinder. Mixing the fuel before the actual injection into the cylinder on the one hand results in better preparation of the fuel and thus a cheaper combustion in the internal combustion engine and on the other hand offers the possibility of exact metering to supply a plurality of cylinders of the internal combustion engine with a single fuel injection valve.
  • valve member is formed on a sleeve which is axially displaceably guided on a shaft and is connected to the electromagnet.
  • the end of the shaft has a flange which rests on the distributor and has coaxial fuel metering bores for the distributor bores which are closed on the upper side of the flange facing away from the distributor by the valve member pressed onto the flange by a valve closing spring.
  • a valve chamber accommodating the valve closing spring is formed, which on the one hand is connected to the fuel supply via a hollow cylindrical annular channel between the sleeve and the electromagnet, and on the other hand via a pressure control valve to the fuel return.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage, with a very simple construction, to meet the requirement for an extremely small quantity spread of the fuel metered to the individual distributor bores. Due to the position of the fuel entry into the valve chamber between the valve seat and valve needle guide, a uniform inflow of the individual fuel metering bores, which is undisturbed by the movement of the valve needle, is achieved, which in turn means that the quantity of fuel jets flowing out via the individual distributor bores differs very little.
  • the device according to the invention also has the advantage that a known side-feed valve, as is used for in-line injection pumps per cylinder of the internal combustion engine, can be used as a fuel injection valve with only minor design changes.
  • a side feed valve is described for example in DE 37 05 848 A1.
  • the design changes consist in the laying of the at least one connecting hole leading to the valve chamber and in the formation of the distributor chamber with the fuel metering holes on the side of the valve seat facing away from the valve chamber.
  • the valve needle with guide section and the valve chamber are dimensioned such that the clear annular cross section of the valve chamber remaining between the valve needle and the inner wall of the valve chamber is 40-80 times larger than the annular seat cross section.
  • the at least one connecting bore is dimensioned such that the clear ring cross section between the valve needle and the inner wall of the valve chamber is 10-20 times larger than the cross section of the connecting bore.
  • the valve needle is provided with a second guide section which is formed on the free end of the valve needle facing away from the first guide section, beyond the valve seat.
  • the second guide section lies in a guide bore which adjoins the distributor chamber coaxially. This second guide section prevents the valve needle from tilting without impairing the uniformity of the fuel metering to the individual distributor bores by way of guide sections on the valve needle which are located far apart.
  • the valve needle is smooth-running and enables high switching speeds.
  • the guide bore is designed as a through-hole, the clearance between the through-hole and the inserted guide section of the valve needle must be tolerated very closely, since otherwise fuel will pass through the guide gap into the air supply during long injection pulses due to the system pressure.
  • the guide bore is designed as a blind bore according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the guide section of the valve needle lying in the blind bore is provided with an axial ventilation groove, which enables pressure compensation in the blind bore.
  • the device for injecting a fuel-air mixture for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine shown in longitudinal section and in detail in FIG. 1 has a fuel injection valve 12 which is inserted in a fluid-tight manner in a receiving chamber 11 of a valve carrier 10.
  • the receiving chamber 11 is connected to a fuel inlet 13 and a fuel return 14.
  • the direction of fuel flow is indicated by arrows.
  • the injector also includes a distributor 15 attached to the outlet side of the fuel injection valve 12, which has an air supply 16 and a plurality of distributor bores 17 connected to the air supply 16.
  • the number of distributor bores 17 corresponds to the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • An injection line 18 leads from the distributor bores 17 to a respective cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which opens into the intake pipe of the cylinder.
  • the fuel injection valve 12 has a three-part valve housing 20 with a cup-shaped upper part 21, a middle part 22 and a neck-like lower part 23.
  • the middle part 22 is inserted into the upper part 21 and the lower part 23 into the middle part 22 and each fastened by flanging.
  • the upper part 21 is sealed with a sealing ring 24 and the lower part 23 with a sealing ring 25 against the inner wall of the receiving chamber 11.
  • the receiving chamber 11 enclosed between these sealing rings 24, 25 is filled with fuel, so that the valve housing 20 is flushed with fuel.
  • a stepped bore 26, which is closed at the end and in which a valve seat 27 is formed at the transition between two bore sections, is made in the nozzle-like lower part 23.
  • valve seat 27 cooperating with a valve member 28 divides the stepped bore 26 into an upstream valve chamber 29 and into a downstream distribution chamber 30.
  • Fuel metering holes 31 penetrating the wall of the lower part 23 open into the distribution chamber 30.
  • the free end of the lower part 23 protrudes into a recess 19 in Distributor 15 into which both the air supply 16 and the distributor bores 17 open.
  • the arrangement of the fuel metering bores 31 is such that they are aligned essentially coaxially with an associated distributor bore 17.
  • the valve member 28 is formed on a valve needle 32, which is guided axially displaceably in the valve chamber 29 by means of two larger-diameter guide sections 33, 34.
  • the valve chamber 29 is connected to the fuel-filled receiving chamber 11 via radial bores 35, two of which can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the radial bores 35 are introduced in such a way that they open in the valve chamber 29 in the region between the valve seat 27 and the guide section 33 closest to the valve seat 27.
  • the Radial bores 35 are dimensioned such that the clear annular cross section of the valve chamber 29, which remains between the valve needle 32 and the inner wall of the stepped bore 26, is approximately 10-20 times larger than the sum of the cross sections of the radial bores 35.
  • valve needle 32 with its guide sections 33, 34 and the valve chamber 29 in the area between the valve seat 27 and the guide section 33 facing them so that the clear ring cross section remaining between the valve needle 29 and the inner wall of the stepped bore 26 is approximately 43-80 times larger than the annular cross section of the valve seat 27
  • the latter is preferably chosen to be approximately 0.3 mm2.
  • the valve needle movement does not cause any additional disturbances in the compensation volume when the fuel injection valve is opened, so that the uniform flow against the fuel metering bores 31 is not impaired.
  • the valve needle 32 is actuated by an electromagnet 36 housed in the upper part 21 of the valve housing 20.
  • the magnetic pot of the electromagnet 36 is formed by the upper housing part 21, which carries in one piece a coaxial hollow cylindrical magnetic core 37, which extends beyond the pot base to the outside like a nozzle.
  • a coil carrier 38 is seated on the magnetic core 37, on which an excitation coil 39 is wound.
  • a magneto tanker 41 which is arranged coaxially to the magnetic core 37 and is opposite this while leaving a working air gap 40 guided axially displaceably in a bore 42 in the middle part 22 of the housing.
  • the end of the valve needle 32 provided with a flange 44 is fixedly connected to the hollow cylindrical magnet armature 41.
  • a valve closing spring 45 arranged inside the magnetic core 37 and the magnet armature 41 is supported on the one hand on the flange 44 of the valve needle 32 and on the other hand on an adjustable stop 46 which is screwed into the magnetic core 37.
  • the valve chamber 29 Via a bore 47 in the flange 43 of the valve needle 32, the valve chamber 29 communicates with the inside of the magnetic core 37 and the latter via bores 48 with the receiving chamber 11.
  • the electromagnet 36 is connected via a plug 50 to two contact pins 51 leading to the excitation coil 39. 52 controllable, whereby it raises the valve needle 32 against the force of the valve closing spring 43, so that the valve member 28 is lifted from the valve seat 27 for the duration of the magnetic excitation.
  • the fuel under pressure in the valve chamber 29 is injected into the distributor bores 17 via the fuel metering bores 31 and mixes here with the supporting air flow (arrow 53) supplied via the air supply 16, which is distributed evenly over the recess 19 over the individual distributor bores 17.
  • valve needle 32 In the case of the injection device according to a further exemplary embodiment shown in detail in longitudinal section in FIG. 2, only the fuel injection valve 12 is modified with regard to the guidance of the valve needle 32.
  • the second guide section 34 of the valve needle 32 is removed from the valve chamber 29 and laid beyond the valve seat 27 and is formed as a guide section 34 'at the free end of the valve needle 32.
  • a through hole 54 is introduced into the sack-like bottom of the stepped bore 26, which connects the valve chamber 29 to the recess 19 in the distributor 15. In this through bore 54, the guide section 34 'is guided in an axially displaceable manner with very closely tolerated play.
  • the first guide section 33 'remaining in the valve chamber 29, which is close to the valve seat 27, is laid on the valve needle 32 further in the direction of the electromagnet 36 compared to the embodiment in FIG. 1, so that there is a relatively large distance between the two guide sections 33' and 34 '. This large distance prevents the valve needle 32 from tipping over, so that it cannot tilt and is very easy to move and thus enables short switching times of the valve.
  • the injection device shown in FIG. 3 as a further exemplary embodiment differs from that in FIG. 2 only with regard to the design of the guide bore for the guide section 34 'at the end of the valve needle 32.
  • the guide section 34 ′ carries on its surface a longitudinal axial vent groove 56.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif d'injection d'un mélange d'air et de carburant dans des moteurs à combustion interne à plusieurs cylindres comprend une soupape (12) d'injection de carburant à commande électromagnétique ayant un siège (27) et un élément (28) de soupape, ainsi qu'un distributeur (15) avec une amenée d'air (16) et un nombre d'alésages distributeurs (17) reliés à l'amenée d'air (16) correspondant au nombre de cylindres du moteur à combustion interne. Afin d'obtenir une soupae (12) d'injection de carburant ayant une structure simple, tout en assurant pendant l'ouverture de la soupape une dispersion extrêmement réduite de la quantité de carburant destinée à chaque alésage distributeur (17), l'élément de soupape (28) est soutenu par une aiguille de soupape (32) axialement mobile au moyen d'une section de guidage (33) dans la chambre de soupape (29) agencée en amont du siège (27) de soupape. Le carburant est introduit dans la chambre de soupape (29) dans la région située entre le siège de soupape (27) et la section de guidage (33).

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif pour l'injection d'un mélange carburant-air dans des moteurs à combustion interne multi-cylindres avec une soupape d'injection de carburant (12) qui comporte, dans un boîtier de soupape (20) raccordé à une arrivée de carburant (13) et à un retour de carburant (14), un siège de soupape (27) réalisé sous la forme d'un épaulement annulaire, une chambre de soupape (29) remplie de carburant disposée devant le siège de soupape (27) dans le sens d'écoulement, un organe de soupape (28) coopérant avec le siège de soupape (27), un électro-aimant (36) pour actionner l'organe de soupape (28), une partie constitutive (32) portant l'organe de soupape (28) et qui, au moyen d'au moins un tronçon de guidage (33; 33') prévu à une certaine distance du siège de soupape (27) est guidé de façon à pouvoir coulisser axialement dans la chambre de soupape (29) et est relié à une armature magnétique (41), et au moins un perçage de liaison (35) raccordant la chambre de soupape (29) à l'arrivée de carburant (13), et avec un répartiteur (15) qui comporte une arrivée d'air (16) et un nombre correspondant au nombre de cylindres du moteur à combustion interne de perçages répartiteurs (17) en communication avec l'arrivée d'air (16), et qui, par l'intermédiaire de perçages de dosage du carburant (31) ménagé co-axialement par rapport à eux dans le boîtier de soupape (20) sont raccordés à la soupape d'injection de carburant (12), dispositif caractérisé en ce que le siège de soupape (27) est prévu dans un perçage (26) du boîtier, en ce que le siège de soupape (27) subdivise le perçage (26) du boîtier entre la chambre de soupape (29) disposée en amont et une chambre répartitrice (30) disposée en aval du siège de soupape (27) dans le sens de l'ecoulement, chambre répartitrice dans laquelle débouchent les perçages de dosage du carburant (31), en ce que la partie constitutive étendue est réalisée sous la forme d'un pointeau de soupape (32) sur lequel est prévu au moins un tronçon de guidage (33; 33') et en ce que, au moins un perçage de liaison (35) débouche dans la chambre de soupape (29) dans la zone entre le siège de soupape (27) et le tronçon de guidage (33; 33').
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier de soupape (20) est mis en place dans une chambre réceptrice (11) étanche aux liquides et relié à l'arrivée et au retour de carburant (13, 14), et en ce que, au moins un perçage de liaison est ménagé sous la forme d'un perçage radial (35) débouchant sur la paroi externe du boîtier de soupape (20).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le pointeau de soupape (32) avec le tronçon de guidage (33; 33') et la chambre de soupape (29) sont constitués de façon que la section transversale annulaire libre de la chambre de soupape (29) subsistant entre le pointeau de soupape (32) et la paroi interne du perçage du boîtier (26) est environ 40 à 80 fois plus grande que la section transversale du siège de soupape (27).
  4. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, au moins un perçage de liaison (35) est dimensionné de façon, que la section transversale annulaire libre de la chambre de soupape (29) entre le pointeau de soupape (29) et la paroi interne du perçage du boîtier (26) est environ 10 à 20 fois plus grande que la section transversale du perçage de liaison (35).
  5. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le pointeau de soupape (32) comporte un second tronçon de guidage (34') qui est prévu à l'extrémité libre du pointeau de soupape (32) éloignée du premier tronçon de guidage (33') et qui se place dans un perçage de guidage (54, 55) se raccordant co-axialement à la chambre répartitrice (30).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le perçage de guidage est réalisé sous la forme d'un perçage traversant (54) qui relie la chambre répartitrice (30) à l'arrivée d'air (16) et en ce que le jeu entre le tronçon de guidage (34') et le perçage traversant (54) a des tolérances très étroites.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le perçage de guidage est réalisé sous forme de perçage borgne (55) et le tronçon de guidage (34') porte sur son enveloppe externe, une gorge de désaération axiale (56) longitudinale.
EP90911534A 1989-09-21 1990-08-14 Dispositif d'injection d'un melange d'air et de carburant dans des moteurs a combustion interne a cylindres multiples Expired - Lifetime EP0493390B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3931490 1989-09-21
DE3931490A DE3931490A1 (de) 1989-09-21 1989-09-21 Vorrichtung zur einspritzung eines kraftstoff-luft-gemisches fuer mehrzylindrige brennkraftmaschinen
PCT/DE1990/000626 WO1991004408A1 (fr) 1989-09-21 1990-08-14 Dispositif d'injection d'un melange d'air et de carburant dans des moteurs a combustion interne a cylindres multiples

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0493390A1 EP0493390A1 (fr) 1992-07-08
EP0493390B1 true EP0493390B1 (fr) 1994-04-20

Family

ID=6389872

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90911534A Expired - Lifetime EP0493390B1 (fr) 1989-09-21 1990-08-14 Dispositif d'injection d'un melange d'air et de carburant dans des moteurs a combustion interne a cylindres multiples

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5269281A (fr)
EP (1) EP0493390B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05503752A (fr)
DE (2) DE3931490A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991004408A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3085008B2 (ja) * 1993-03-12 2000-09-04 株式会社デンソー 流体噴射弁
FR2722541B1 (fr) * 1994-07-12 1996-09-20 Magneti Marelli France Sa Injecteur de carburant "bi-jet" a aassistance pneumatique de pulverisation, pour moteur a combustioninterne alimente par injection
US5463997A (en) * 1994-10-05 1995-11-07 Cutler Induction Systems, Inc. Single point fuel injection system
DE19547406B4 (de) * 1995-12-19 2007-10-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil
US6959699B2 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-11-01 Caterpillar Inc Injection of fuel vapor and air mixture into an engine cylinder
CA2798870C (fr) * 2012-12-17 2014-07-22 Westport Power Inc. Injection directe de carburant gazeux enrichi a l'air pour un moteur a combustion interne

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0163198B1 (fr) * 1984-05-29 1987-11-11 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'injection continue de combustible et dispositif de mise en oeuvre
US4709681A (en) * 1986-03-04 1987-12-01 Volkswagen Ag Fuel injection device
US4708117A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-11-24 Colt Industries Inc. Multi-point fuel injection apparatus
US4840163A (en) * 1987-01-08 1989-06-20 Colt Industries Inc. Electromagnet, valve assembly and fuel metering apparatus
DE3705848C2 (de) * 1987-02-24 1994-01-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Hydraulischer Kreislauf einer Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage
US4794901A (en) * 1987-06-16 1989-01-03 Industrial Technology Research Institute Low pressure air assisted fuel injection apparatus for engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0493390A1 (fr) 1992-07-08
JPH05503752A (ja) 1993-06-17
US5269281A (en) 1993-12-14
WO1991004408A1 (fr) 1991-04-04
DE3931490A1 (de) 1991-04-04
DE59005475D1 (de) 1994-05-26

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