EP0493183B1 - Überlaufschwelle für aussergewöhnliche Hochwässer für Dämme mit mindestens zwei Überlaufschwellen - Google Patents

Überlaufschwelle für aussergewöhnliche Hochwässer für Dämme mit mindestens zwei Überlaufschwellen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0493183B1
EP0493183B1 EP91403403A EP91403403A EP0493183B1 EP 0493183 B1 EP0493183 B1 EP 0493183B1 EP 91403403 A EP91403403 A EP 91403403A EP 91403403 A EP91403403 A EP 91403403A EP 0493183 B1 EP0493183 B1 EP 0493183B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spillway
water level
level
predetermined
sill
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EP91403403A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0493183A1 (de
Inventor
François Lemperiere
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GTM Entrepose SA
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GTM Entrepose SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/16—Fixed weirs; Superstructures or flash-boards therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exceptional spillway for dams and similar structures of the type comprising two spillway devices, including a device sized for common floods, the other device being constituted by a spillway threshold whose crest is located at a first predetermined level lower than a second predetermined level corresponding to a maximum level or highest water level for which the dam is designed, the difference of said first and second levels corresponding to a predetermined maximum flow of an exceptional flood, and a moving rise closing said threshold.
  • valves must close off the entire overflow threshold, but that most of them could remain closed almost permanently in the absence of exceptional floods and only open every 20 or 50 years for example.
  • other evacuation device allows the evacuation of the most frequent floods (such as for example bottom, middle bottom or surface evacuators, winnowed or not, where the water intake of a factory hydroelectric, or any other water evacuation device)
  • all of said valves could remain closed almost permanently.
  • valves because their nature, remains an important cause of dam failure. These valves therefore have the drawback of poorer operational safety than free overflow thresholds; moreover they are expensive.
  • a fusible dam section leveled at a lower level than that of the rest of the structure and operating according to the principle of the erosion of its constituent materials, erosion which is generated by a extreme rise in the level of the reservoir during a flood of very exceptional importance.
  • the purpose of this fusible dam is to avoid the uncontrolled and catastrophic discharge of an extreme flood on the whole of a structure, by concentrating the effects of the flood on a section specially equipped to break by erosion and thus offer additional evacuation capacity. After the rupture of the fusible dike, major repair work would be necessary to allow normal operation of the structure again. On the other hand, opening a fusible dam can lead to too rapid an increase in the downstream flow.
  • the problem that the present invention seeks to solve is to close almost permanently, at a cost much lower than that of the valves and at a higher height than before, all or part of a free overflow threshold while allowing , in a completely reliable way, the evacuation of exceptional floods, without external intervention and without major modification of the structure.
  • the present invention therefore constitutes an economical substitute for the fraction of valves intended solely for discharging the least frequent floods.
  • the riser comprises at least one rigid and massive riser, which is placed on the crest of the overflow threshold and is held in place thereon by gravity, said raising element having a predetermined height at least equal to the difference of the first and second predetermined levels and being dimensioned in size and weight so that the moment of the forces applied by the water at the riser reaches the moment of gravity forces which tend to hold the riser in place on the overflow threshold, and that consequently said riser is unbalanced and driven out when the water reaches a third predetermined level at most equal to the second predetermined level.
  • the raising element (s) can be manufactured at a moderate cost compared to the valves and, in the case where they are installed on the threshold of an existing dam, this installation, possibly joined to the installation of the valves, can be made without major modifications to the overflow threshold of the dam, such as we will see it later.
  • a stop of predetermined height is preferably provided on the threshold overflowing at the foot of the raising element, on the downstream side thereof, to prevent it from sliding towards the downstream on the threshold, without however preventing it from tipping over the stop when the level reaches said third predetermined level.
  • the height of the stop is taken into account as will be seen below for the dimensioning in size and weight of the raising element or elements.
  • a seal may be disposed between the overflow threshold and the base of the riser, near the upstream edge of said base.
  • a seal is not absolutely essential if, in the absence of a seal, water leaks between the raising element and the overflow threshold are low and if the area of the overflow threshold on which the said elevation element (s) rests is suitably drained so that no appreciable underpressure can be established under the said elevation element (s).
  • means may be provided for automatically establishing an underpressure under the said elevating element or elements when the water level reaches said third predetermined level, in order to promote the imbalance and tilting of said elevating element or elements at the time where it becomes essential to evacuate an exceptional flood.
  • the invention can be applied both to the spillway of an existing dam and to that of a dam under construction.
  • the crest of the overhanging threshold can be leveled off at a level lower than said first predetermined level and the one or more raising elements are placed on the leveled threshold and plug it. It is thus possible to obtain greater security than with the undisturbed overflow threshold, since the opening which is obtained after tilting of the elevating element or elements has a greater height than in the case of an undisturbed overflow threshold. , thus allowing to evacuate a higher flood flow than the maximum flow of the exceptional flood for which the dam was originally designed.
  • the choice of the difference between the first and second predetermined levels will result from an optimization between increase in safety, reduction in the cost of the works and possible increase in the cost of the valves located on the spillway.
  • each increase element or a group of elements of rise can be dimensioned so as to tilt for a predetermined water level lower than that to which another element or group of rise elements will tilt, the latter being itself dimensioned so as to tilt for a higher water level lower than that to which a third element or group of rising elements will switch, and so on. In this way, a gradual increase in the evacuation capacity is obtained, if necessary, depending on the extent of the flood.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure to which the invention can be applied, such as a dam, its exceptional spillway spillway with a free spillway threshold and another spillway intended for the evacuation of common floods and provided with valves.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a structure to which the invention can be applied, such as a dam, its exceptional spillway spillway with a free spillway threshold and another device for discharging water such as a spillway bottom, winnowed or not, or a hydroelectric plant.
  • Figure 3a is an elevational view of the exceptional spillway of Figure 1 or 2, on the downstream side and equipped with a fusible link, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3b is a plan view of the weir of Figure 3a.
  • Figure 3c is an elevational view of another weir equipped with a fusible link, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figures 4a and 4b are views in vertical section explaining the operation of the fusible link.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the different forces which in service can be applied to a riser.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph representing the variations of the moments of the driving and resistant forces as a function of the height of water above the overflow threshold.
  • Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view showing an elevation element, which is associated with a tilt trigger device.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of a weir provided with another tilting trigger device.
  • Figures 9a to 9c show in perspective various embodiments of a rising element.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 show in vertical section two other alternative embodiments of the raising element.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view showing two adjacent risers according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical section view of one of the rising elements in FIG. 12.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 are views of the raising element respectively according to the arrows F and G of FIG. 13.
  • FIGS. 16a and 16b show on a larger scale and in section, a detail of the raising element of FIG. 13.
  • Figure 17 is a figure similar to Figure 13 and shows an alternative embodiment.
  • Figure 18 is a plan view of part of the threshold of the spillway in the case of the variant of Figure 17 and before installation of the rising elements.
  • the structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 can be an embankment dam or a concrete or masonry dam.
  • the invention is not limited to the type of dam shown in Figure 1 or in Figure 2, but on the contrary it can be applied to any type of known dam with a free overflow threshold.
  • the reference number 2 designates the crest of the dam, the number 3 its downstream facing, the number 4 its upstream facing, the number 5 a spillway spillway, the number 6 the weir threshold 5, the reference number 7 generally designates a device for discharging common floods.
  • the spillway 5 can be installed in the central part of the dam 1 or at the end of it or even excavated on a bank without this altering the possibility of using the invention.
  • the discharge device 7 is a conventional device for discharging bottom water.
  • the discharge device 7 is a spillway threshold equipped with conventional surface valves.
  • the device 7 could be constituted by any other known device for discharging floods without this altering the possibility of using the invention.
  • the level of the reservoir in the absence of a flood is always less than or equal to the level RN of the crest 8 of the weir 6.
  • the level of the reservoir in the event of flood is always less than or equal to RM or highest water level (PHE).
  • the present invention makes it possible almost permanently to close the weir 6.
  • the invention provides for placing on the overflow threshold 6 a rise 10 constituted by at least one solid element 11, for example five elements 11a - 11e as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, said rise 10 or the elements 11 being made fusible by tilting for a predetermined water load corresponding to a level N at most equal to the maximum level RM and then allowing the passage of the strongest floods.
  • the number of elevating elements 11 is not limited to five elements as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, but can be smaller or larger depending on the length of the weir 5 (measured in the longitudinal direction of the dam) .
  • the number of elevating elements 11 is chosen so as to obtain low unit masses allowing easy installation and replacement of said elevating elements.
  • Each rising element 11 has a height H1 greater than RM, is placed on the overflow threshold 6 and is held thereon by gravity.
  • each rising element 11 is retained against any sliding downstream, by a stop 12 located at the foot of the element 11, on the downstream side thereof.
  • the stop 12 can for example be embedded in the threshold 6, as shown for example in Figure 4a, and it can be discontinuous as shown in Figures 3a and 3b. However, if desired, the stop 12 could be continuous.
  • the height of the stop 12 is predetermined, but it can be variable depending on the forces involved and according to the water level from which it is desired to initiate the tilting of each rising element 11.
  • seals 13 are also provided between the vertical side walls, two by two opposite, adjacent elevation elements 11 as is also visible in Figure 3b.
  • a seal 15 is also provided between the overflow threshold 6 and the base of the elevation elements 11 near the upstream edge 16 of said base as is for example visible in Figures 4a and 4b.
  • the seals 13 and the seal 15, when the latter is provided are arranged in the same vertical plane.
  • a drainage system can be arranged continuously in the overflow threshold 6, in the zone of the latter underlying upward 10, in order to dry out this zone and to avoid that, under normal service, an underpressure is applied to the elevating elements 11.
  • a dam in the case where a dam would include a free overflow threshold as the only device for discharging floods, it is possible to envisage equipping only part of this threshold with one or more valves v and the remaining part of a rising fuse 10 according to the invention.
  • a dam in accordance with the invention is thus obtained with a single overflow threshold 6 of which two evacuation devices are associated, one (7) equipped with at least one valve V for the evacuation of current floods, the another equipped with the 10 fuse riser for the evacuation of exceptional floods.
  • each rising element 11 is dimensioned so as to be self-supporting for a water load lower than a predetermined level N, itself at most equal to the maximum level RM of the highest admissible water in the dam.
  • a predetermined level is equal to the level RM, as long as the level of water remains lower than the level RM for floods of low or average importance the water is retained by the increases as shown in FIG. 4a without the rise is not destroyed.
  • the water level reaches, in the aforementioned hypothesis, a predetermined level N equal to or slightly lower than the maximum level RM in the case of a severe flood or exceptional flood or damage in the operation of the device 7, at least one element 11 of the rise 10 is unbalanced under the thrust of the water and rocks around the stop 12 as shown in FIG. 4b and the element or elements 11 which are tilted are evacuated by the water of the flood at least up to the foot of the weir 5, thus allowing the evacuation of the strongest floods. After evacuation of a strong flood having caused the tilting of the rise 10, the water level returns to the level of the normal reservoir RN or to a lower level still.
  • the dams and overflow weirs are dimensioned so that the level of the lake (level of the reservoir) reaches the maximum level RM for the exceptional flood envisaged (project flood).
  • This flood can for example be the flood occurring only one year in a thousand (millennial flood).
  • the height H of the sheet of water necessary to evacuate the flow of the fraction of the project flood that the device 7 does not evacuate corresponds to 20 m3 / s per linear meter of threshold,
  • the threshold 6 can then be fitted with risers in accordance with the present invention, the height of which is greater than or equal to 5 m.
  • the tilting of the elevation element (s) 11 and, consequently, their destruction depends on the balance between, on the one hand, the motor moment, that is to say the moment of the forces which tend to overturn the elevation element considered, and, on the other hand, the resistant moment, that is to say the moment of the forces which tend to stabilize the said rising element.
  • a trigger device directly linked to the water level to trigger the tilting of the raising element with precision for a predetermined water level, the water height corresponding to the above-mentioned equilibrium cannot be fixed only with a margin of uncertainty of up to 0.2 m. Under these conditions, it is necessary, for safety, to reduce the tilting height of the elevation element (s) 11 by an amount corresponding to this margin of uncertainty, for example 0.2 m. However, this uncertainty can be reduced by providing a trigger device which will be described later with reference to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 5 shows the various forces which, in service, can be applied to a lifting element 11 implemented in the present invention.
  • the element 11 has a rectangular shape and has a width L and a height H1.
  • B denotes the height of the stop 12 above the threshold 6
  • z denotes the water level.
  • the driving forces that tend to tilt the elevating element 11 are the thrust P of the water on the upstream face of the elevating element 11 and the underpressure U which is possibly exerted on the base surface of said elevating element and which is due to the existence of possible leaks at the seals or to the presence of a trigger device which will be described later.
  • the resistive force which tends to stabilize the raising element 11 is its self-weight W.
  • Mm is the motor moment in the absence of U-pressure
  • MmU is the motor moment in the presence of U-pressure
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the density of water
  • ⁇ b is the average density of l 'rising element
  • Mr is the moment resistant.
  • the plots A, C and D respectively represent the variations of Mr, Mm and MmU as a function of the water height z above the threshold 6.
  • the 7 is essentially constituted by a pressurization pipe 21 which , in normal service, puts the area underlying the rising element 11 in relation to the atmosphere, the upper end 21a of the pressurization pipe 21 being situated at a level equal to or lower than the level N for which it is desired that the tilting of the elevating element 11 occurs (the difference between the level of the top of the pipe and the level N corresponding to the height of the sheet of water pouring into the pipe and necessary for its filling),
  • the pipe 21 can pass through the elevating element 11 as shown in solid lines in FIG. 7, or it can pass outside the elevating element 11 as shown in phantom in 21 'in FIG. ure 7, so that its upper end is placed outside the elevating element 11.
  • the pressurization pipe can still be partially embedded in the threshold 6 as is also shown in phantom in 21 '' in the Figure 7.
  • at least one pressurization pipe 21 is associated with each raising element and each pressurization pipe 21 extends towards the high up to the level for which each element must tilt.
  • the areas of the threshold 6 which are underlying the raising elements which have to tilt for different water levels must be isolated from each other by seals suitably arranged.
  • a trigger device essentially consisting of a pipe 22 which is arranged according to one of the methods indicated above for the pipe 21 and of which the end 23 which is distant from the zone underlying the raising element 11 is connected to a pressurizing device 24 which can be controlled by a tap 25 controlled by an automatic and / or manual control device 26 and which makes it possible to trigger the tilting of the increases when they would have remained stable.
  • the pressurizing device 24 may for example be a reservoir, higher than the threshold 6, containing water whose free surface is in contact with the atmosphere.
  • the device 24 can also be a reserve of fluid maintained under pressure.
  • the device 26 may for example be a valve handwheel 25, or an automatic control of the valve 25 connected to a sensor of the level of the reservoir or of the flow upstream of the reservoir, or a combination of these elements. It is clear that according to the value of the pressure applied by the device 24, the tilting of at least one of the raising elements 11 is only possible from the moment when the water has reached a certain level in the detention. This device facilitates a premature selective tilting of the rising elements 11 to prevent a very strong flood for example.
  • This solution must in particular allow, when an exceptional flood is announced, to start emptying the tank in advance by voluntarily and / or automatically causing the tilting of at least one rising element 11 and reducing on the one hand the number of elements which will have to switch during the full effect of the flood on the rise 10, and on the other hand the maximum flow of the flood downstream.
  • the probability of opening of the increase 10 is not modified but, in the event of an exceptional flood, the flow section available after total destruction of the increase 10 is notably increased for the same water level in the reservoir, which makes it possible to safely evacuate a flood having a flow rate much higher than that of the flood for which the structure was originally dimensioned.
  • each raising element 11 is constituted by a block having roughly a parallelepiped shape.
  • Each raising element 11 can be constituted by a hollow block as shown in FIG. 9a, comprising one or more cells filled with a ballast 32, such as for example sand, gravel or other materials weighing in bulk.
  • a cover (not shown) can be provided for closing the cell or cells 31 after they have been filled with ballast.
  • FIG. 9a is particularly suitable when the rise 10 must include several rise elements all having the same height, but having to tilt for different water levels. In this case, it suffices to adjust the weight of each of the elevating elements 11 by an appropriate amount of ballast 32 to obtain the tilting of the corresponding elevating element 11 for the desired predetermined water level N.
  • each elevating element 11 can be constituted by an assembly of plates, made of concrete, steel or any other suitable rigid and heavy material.
  • the plate assembly may include a rectangular base plate 33, horizontal or substantially horizontal, and a frontal rectangular plate 34, vertical or making with the vertical an angle ⁇ up to 30 degrees, which stands from the downstream edge of the base plate 33.
  • the weight of the water column situated above the base plate 33 contributes, as a resisting force, to stabilize the element rise until the water level has not reached the predetermined level at which the tilting of said rise element occurs.
  • the plate assembly can comprise, in addition to the plates 33 and 34, two side plates 30 which are joined by their lower edge to the base plate 33 and by one of their vertical edges to the front plate 34.
  • the side plates 30 have the advantage of limiting the lateral water losses at the start of the tilting, linked to the rupture of the seal 13. It consequently improves the precision of the tilting and avoids any oscillatory phenomenon.
  • FIG. 10 shows in vertical section an elevation element 11 similar to those of FIG. 9b or 9c equipped in addition with a pressurization pipe 21 having the same function as that of FIG. 7.
  • the horizontal plate 33 is fixed to the front plate 34 so as to be at a distance above the threshold 6, and it comprises, on the upstream side, a flange 33a directed downwards.
  • the seal 15 is disposed between the rim 33a and the threshold 6.
  • Below the plate 33 is thus formed a chamber 35, into which the pipe 21 opens at its lower part.
  • An orifice 36 is provided at the base of the plate 34, the orifice 36 having a smaller section than that of the hose 21.
  • FIG. 11 shows, in vertical section, an elevation element 11 composed of several modules 11g to 11j which are stacked on each other. Said modules are made integral two by two by a connecting device 38 preventing the sliding of the upper modules downstream.
  • the device 38 can for example be constituted by hooks, or by an interlocking of the modules one on the other.
  • the modules can all have the same vertical dimension or different vertical dimensions; for example, the upper module 11j has a smaller vertical dimension than those of the other modules.
  • the device 38 can be designed so as to allow the modules to detach automatically in the event of tilting or under the external action of pushers or cables which can be operated, for example from a footbridge (not shown) spanning the weir.
  • a footbridge not shown
  • the two possible forms of execution of the device 38 already mentioned can fulfill these conditions.
  • the assembly of plates may comprise a base plate 33, substantially rectangular or trapezoidal, horizontal or substantially horizontal, and a front plate 34, rectangular or trapezoidal, vertical or making an angle with the vertical ⁇ up to 30 degrees.
  • the lower edge of the front plate 34 is freely engaged in a groove 40 formed in the base plate 33 preferably near its downstream edge.
  • a seal 41 is placed in the groove 40 between the plates 33 and 34.
  • the front plate 34 can also be rigidly fixed to the base plate 33.
  • the plate assembly comprises at least one tie rod, for example two tie rods 30a which are joined at their ends to the base plate 33 and to the front plate 34.
  • the setting using two tie rods 30a is preferable for the elevation elements 11 of great height, because it allows better transmission of the forces from the front plate 34 to the base plate 33.
  • the tie rods can be made of steel or any other material appropriate.
  • the tie rod (s) 30a can be replaced by one or more reinforcing plates similar to the plates 30 in FIG. 9c.
  • the base plate 33 is located at a certain distance above the threshold 6 and has, upstream side, a flange 33a directed downwards, downstream side, a flange 33b directed downwards , and on the lateral sides, two flanges 33c also directed downwards, these four flanges resting on a prefabricated frame 42 placed on the threshold 6 previously leveled or designed so appropriate.
  • a layer of mortar 6a of appropriate thickness is then poured over the threshold 6 to coat the frame 42 so that its upper surface is flush with the final level of the threshold, ready to receive the raising element 11.
  • the four ledges 33a, 33b, 33c can also rest directly on threshold 6 if the latter has been previously fitted or designed in an appropriate manner.
  • a seal 15 is disposed between the flanges 33a, 33c and the frame 42 or the threshold 6 as appropriate.
  • a chamber 35 into which opens at its lower part 21b a pressurization pipe 21 and which makes it possible to favor the tilting with precision of the raising element 11, for a water level equal to the predetermined level N, thanks to the pressurization of the chamber 35, as described above with reference to FIGS. 7 and 10.
  • An orifice 36 is provided at the base of the downstream flange 33b of the base plate 33 for draining the chamber 35, when the latter is partially filled by the water inlets caused by the waves temporarily submerging the upper end 21a of the pipe 21 or by leaks at the seal 15.
  • seals 13, made of rubber or any other suitable material, are provided at each of the lateral ends of the elevating elements 11.
  • the design of the seal 13 must be such that the tilting of an elevating element 11, in the case where the elevation 10 is made up of several elevating elements 11 tilting for different water levels, does not cause the tilting of the other elevating elements 11 .
  • Figures 16a and 16b show in cross section two possible shapes for the seal 13 meeting this need.
  • the pressurization pipe 21 can stand vertically above the base plate 33, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 or obliquely upstream like the pipe 21 'in FIG. 7.
  • the pipe 21 can still be partially embedded in the threshold 6 like the pipe 21''in FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 In addition to or as a replacement for the pipe 21 in FIGS. 12 to 15, it is possible to envisage implementing another trigger device (FIGS. 17 and 18) similar to that of FIG. 8 and essentially constituted by a pipe 22 whose end 22a opens into the chamber 35 and the remote end 23 of which is connected to a pressurizing device 24.
  • the pipe 22 can be fitted with a tap 25 controlled by an automatic and / or manual control device 26 as mentioned more high.
  • the pressurizing device 24 may for example be a reservoir, higher than the threshold 6, containing water, the free surface of which is in contact with the atmosphere, or the reservoir of water from the dam, which is the simplest solution to implement.
  • each raising element 11 is preferably retained against any sliding downstream, by one or more stops 12 fixed or sealed in the threshold 6 or integral with the frame 42.
  • this device can be supplemented by the installation on the plate 33 of a ballast 32 consisting either of a one-piece element, or of several stacked elements or of bulk materials arranged in a receptacle provided for this purpose. effect.
  • This ballast 32 makes it possible to optimize the balance between the motor moment and the resistant moment, while promoting the production of elevating elements 11 each part of which has a low unit weight facilitating handling and assembly.
  • the raising element 11 is rigid and solid, the connections between its various constituent parts can be designed and produced so that after the tilting of a raising element 11, each constituting part can separate from others so that to have downstream only parts that are not very bulky and easier to recover or leave lost.
  • the tie rods 30a can be attached to the plates 33 and 34, for example by sets of rings and hooks detaching during the tilting of the element of rise. This design is particularly advantageous for large-sized lifting elements because it is also likely to facilitate handling and assembly by using elements of low unit weight.

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Claims (16)

  1. Überlauf für außergewöhnliche Hochwässer für Dämme und gleichartige Bauwerke von der Art, die zwei Hochwasserabführvorrichtungen (6,7) umfaßt, wovon eine Vorrichtung (7) für die gewöhnlichen Hochwässer ausgelegt ist, wobei die andere Vorrichtung durch eine Überlaufschwelle (6) gebildet wird, deren Krone (8) auf einem ersten vorbestimmten Pegel (RN) gelegen ist, der tiefer liegt, als ein zweiter vorbestimmter Pegel (RM), welcher einem maximalen Pegel oder einem Pegel des höchsten Wasserstandes (PHE) entspricht, für den der Damm (1) konzipiert ist, wobei die Differenz des besagten ersten und zweiten Pegels (RN und RM) einer vorbestimmten maximalen Durchflußmenge eines außergewöhnlichen Hochwassers entspricht, sowie durch ein die besagte Schwelle (6) versperrendes automatisches Schützentor (10), und gemäß welchem das Schützentor (10) mindestens ein starres und massiges Schützentorelement (11) umfaßt, das auf die Krone (8) der Überlaufschwelle (6) aufgesetzt ist, und auf dieser durch Schwerkraft in seiner Lage gehalten wird, wobei das besagte Schützentorelement (11) eine vorbestimmte Höhe besitzt, die mindestens gleich der Differenz des ersten und zweiten vorbestimmten Pegels ist und bezüglich Größe und Gewicht ausgelegt ist, damit das Moment der vom Wasser auf das Schützentorelement ausgeübten Kräfte das Moment der Gewichtskräfte erreicht, die danach streben, das Schützentorelement in seiner Lage auf der Überlaufschwelle (6) zu halten, und daß als Folge das besagte Schützentorelement aus dem Gleichgewicht gebracht und herausgestoßen wird, wenn das Wasser einen dritten vorbestimmten Pegel (N) erreicht, der höchstens gleich dem zweiten vorbestimmten Pegel (RM) ist.
  2. Überlauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Widerlager (12) mit vorbestimmter Höhe (B) auf der Überlaufschwelle (6) am Fuß des Schützentorelements (11) auf der stromabwärtigen Seite desselben vorgesehen ist, um es daran zu hindern, auf der besagten Schwelle stromabwärts zu gleiten.
  3. Überlauf nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Fall eines bestehenden Überlaufs (5) die Krone der Überlaufschwelle (6) auf einen tieferen Pegel als der besagte vorbestimmte erste Pegel (RN) abgeflacht wird, und daß das Schützentorelement (11) auf die abgeflachte Schwelle aufgesetzt wird.
  4. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Dichtung (15) zwischen der Überlaufschwelle (6) und der Sohle des Schützentorelements (11) nahe dem stromaufwärtigen Rand (16) der besagten Sohle angeordnet ist.
  5. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das besagte Schützentorelement (11) in der Form eines im großen und ganzen quaderförmigen hohlen, mit Ballast (32) gefüllten Blocks darbietet.
  6. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte Schützentorelement durch einen Verband von Platten (33, 34) gebildet ist, der eine im wesentlichen horizontale Grundplatte (33) und eine Stirnplatte (34) umfaßt, die mit der Vertikalen einen Winkel (α) von 0 bis 30 Grad einschließt, und die sich von der Grundplatte (33) aus erstreckt.
  7. Überlauf nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte Schützentorelement Seitenplatten (30) umfaßt.
  8. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mindestens ein Druckbeaufschlagungsrohr (21) umfaßt, welches im Normalbetrieb den unterhalb des Schützentorelements (11) liegenden Bereich mit der Atmosphäre verbindet, wobei das obere Ende des Druckbeaufschlagungsrohrs (21) auf einem Pegel gelegen ist, der dem besagten dritten vorbestimmten Pegel (N) gleich ist oder tiefer liegt, und in lotrechter Richtung vom Schützentorelement (11) oder stromaufwärts von diesem gelegen ist.
  9. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Rohr (22) den unterhalb des Schützentorelements (11) liegenden Bereich mit einer Vorrichtung zum Unterdrucksetzen (24) verbindet, mit Hilfe eines Ventils (25), dessen Öffnung durch eine Bedienungsvorrichtung (26) gesteuert wird.
  10. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Schützentorelemente (11) dicht nebeneinander längs der Krone (8) der Überlaufschwelle (6) angeordnet sind, wobei Dichtungen (13) zwischen den einander gegenüberliegenden vertikalen Wänden der aneinandergrenzenden Schützentorelemente angeordnet sind.
  11. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schützentorelemente (11) derart ausgelegt sind, daß mindestens ein erstes Schützentorelement (11c) aus dem Gleichgewicht gebracht wird, wenn das Wasser den besagten dritten vorbestimmten Pegel (N₁) erreicht, wobei dieser niedriger ist, als der besagte zweite vorbestimmte Pegel (RM), daß mindestens ein zweites Schützentorelement (11b, 11d) aus dem Gleichgewicht gebracht wird, wenn das Wasser einen zwischen dem zweiten und dritten vorbestimmten Pegel (RM und N₁) enthaltenen vierten vorbestimmten Pegel (N₂) erreicht, und daß mindestens ein drittes Schützentorelement (11a, 11e) aus dem Gleichgewicht gebracht wird, wenn das Wasser einen fünften vorbestimmten Pegel erreicht, der höher als der vierte Pegel (N₂) und höchstens gleich dem zweiten vorbestimmten Pegel (RM) ist.
  12. Überlauf nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Kammer (35) an der Sohle des Schützentorelements (11) zwischen dieser und der Schwelle (6) des Überlaufs gebildet wird, und daß eine Öffnung (36) auf der stromabwärtigen Seite des Schützentorelements vorgesehen ist, um die besagte Kammer (35) zu entwässern.
  13. Überlauf nach Anspruch 12, der auf Anspruch 8 oder 9 rückbezogen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (21 oder 22) in die besagte Kammer (35) mündet.
  14. Überlauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Schützentorelement (11) aus mehreren Teilen besteht, die jeweils derart lösbar zusammengefügt sind, daß sie sich nach dem Kippen des Elements von selbst voneinander lösen können.
  15. Überlauf nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schützentorelement (11) aus mehreren Modulen (11g, 11j) besteht, die übereinander gestapelt sind und durch eine Verbindungsvorrichtung (38), die jegliches Gleiten des oberen Moduls in stromabwärtiger Richtung verhindert, paarweise zusammengehalten werden.
  16. Überlauf nach den Ansprüchen 6 und 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grundplatte (33) in ihrer Oberseite eine Nut (40) aufweist, daß der untere Rand der Stirnplatte (34) frei in die Nut (40) eingeführt ist, und daß mindestens ein Zugstab (30a) mit seinen Enden lösbar an der Grundplatte (33) und an der Stirnplatte (34) befestigt ist.
EP91403403A 1990-12-28 1991-12-16 Überlaufschwelle für aussergewöhnliche Hochwässer für Dämme mit mindestens zwei Überlaufschwellen Expired - Lifetime EP0493183B1 (de)

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FR9016430 1990-12-28
FR9016430A FR2671116B1 (fr) 1990-12-28 1990-12-28 Evacuateur de crues exceptionnelles pour barrage comportant au moins deux dispositifs d'evacuation de crues.

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EP0493183B1 true EP0493183B1 (de) 1994-03-02

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CN108755612B (zh) * 2018-04-23 2020-12-22 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 一种自动倾翻泄洪闸门系统
IT201800009417A1 (it) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-12 Sws Eng Spa Impianto idrico a soglia di sfioro
CN110232479B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2021-09-28 福州市规划设计研究院集团有限公司 一种城市水库防洪补偿优化调度方法
CN110230291B (zh) * 2019-06-14 2021-04-06 张鹏 一种水库泄洪装置
CN110284468A (zh) * 2019-07-12 2019-09-27 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种用于高流速无压隧洞的泄洪消能结构
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CN101952516B (zh) * 2007-10-19 2012-12-26 海德普拉斯公司 安全闸门

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DZ1547A1 (fr) 2002-02-17
ATE102273T1 (de) 1994-03-15
MX9102787A (es) 1992-06-01
MY111628A (en) 2000-09-27
PT99946B (pt) 1999-09-30
DE69101309D1 (de) 1994-04-07
RU2080433C1 (ru) 1997-05-27
JPH04293811A (ja) 1992-10-19
PT99946A (pt) 1994-01-31
ZW18691A1 (en) 1992-12-09
AU646997B2 (en) 1994-03-10
CN1023723C (zh) 1994-02-09
ZA9110024B (en) 1992-10-28
ES2052347T3 (es) 1994-07-01
TR26482A (tr) 1995-03-15
DK0493183T3 (da) 1994-03-28
MA22374A1 (fr) 1992-07-01
BR9105627A (pt) 1992-09-01
JPH0774497B2 (ja) 1995-08-09
KR0183992B1 (ko) 1999-04-01
RO112372B1 (ro) 1997-08-29
DE69101309T2 (de) 1994-06-09
OA09414A (fr) 1992-09-15
FR2671116A1 (fr) 1992-07-03
EP0493183A1 (de) 1992-07-01
CA2057772A1 (fr) 1992-06-29
CN1062942A (zh) 1992-07-22
FR2671116B1 (fr) 1993-05-07
AU8977891A (en) 1992-07-02
TNSN91125A1 (fr) 1992-10-25
CA2057772C (fr) 1995-11-14
US5195846A (en) 1993-03-23

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