EP0492259A1 - Method and device for the treatment of small sized materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the treatment of small-sized material, in which the long parts are separated off by brushing from a solid mixture containing long parts, permits a high recovery rate of useful mixture components. In order to separate off the long parts from the granular portion of the solid mixture, at least one brush (11, 11', 11'') is assigned to a conveyor (3) and matched to its width. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for processing small pieces of material.

The recovery of small-sized, valuable materials, such as those used in particular when recycling catalysts, in car shredder rubble or in electronic waste in the form of pieces of wire, pens or the like. Even after passing through upstream sorting and classifying stages in the grain fraction from 0 to 10 mm, they are still present in large quantities, is extremely difficult, if at all possible, with known separating devices or processes; the pieces of wire contained in a pre-comminuted mixture of solids of the above-mentioned sieve hole class rather go to waste. However, this is associated with large metallic losses, because the proportion of the hair mixture in the solid mixture that is present in the sieve hole class mentioned (in some cases there are wires with a thickness of 0.05 mm in the electronic or computer scrap), usually well below 100 mm and only in a few exceptional cases up to possibly 250 mm long, without a sheath most often with thicknesses up to 0.6 mm and sheathed with thicknesses up to 3.5 mm occurring wires makes up about 10%. A separation by eg sieving again is out of the question because in a mixture fraction with a small grain size - such as from 0 to 10 mm - long, thin wires contained in our experience would mostly fall through the small sieve openings again. A separation in an extremely complex sink-swimming system is expensive and causes extraordinary problems because the pieces of wire have a disruptive effect there because they clog the existing sieves and material outlets by bridging.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus which enable a high recovery rate of long parts to be separated from a solid mixture, in particular wires.

This object is achieved with a method according to the invention in that the long parts are separated from the solid mixture by brushing from a solid mixture containing long parts. How to use tests to separate pieces of wire, pins or the like. has surprisingly confirmed from a mixture of solids with a grain size of less than 10 mm, the wiping or conveying or sweeping effect otherwise intended when using brushes does not occur. Rather, the wires contained in the screened solid mixture of small grain size, which is preferably supplied in one layer by a conveyor in order to achieve an optimized recovery rate - the wires in this mixture mainly with lengths below 100 mm and thicknesses of 0.05 mm (hair-thin) to 3.5 mm (thick wires) are present - picked up by the brush, while the other, body-shaped mixture components pass through the brush without being held back or even jammed due to a sweeping effect.

It is recommended that the mixture components to be recovered are separated in a multiple brush pass. It can then namely achieve an extremely high level of efficiency and the like, using the example of the recovery of wire pieces, pins or the like. described from a solid mixture - cut off almost the entire wire portion from the solid mixture, since the different thicknesses of the wire pieces can be matched by appropriate design or selection of the brushes.

It is recommended that finer wire pieces, pins or the like be used in successive brushing stages in stages (from brushing to brushing). be brushed out. Because e.g. covered, thick (about 3.5 mm diameter) wires (cables) have a greater restoring force, i.e. align themselves against the force of the bristles receiving them and then possibly how the body-shaped parts would fall out of the bristles, different bristles of the brushes must be provided for the different wire shapes.

To pick up thin wires (from electronic and computer scrap as well as during catalyst recycling), relatively soft and densely bristled bristles are required; For example, for thin catalyst wires, a dense bristle made of nylon with a bristle thickness of 0.4 mm and a bristle height of 100 mm with an outer diameter of the brush of about 300 mm. When processing thick wires, such as those from the auto shredder waste in the sieved solid mixture mentioned here, with thicknesses of up to 3.5 mm, the bristles should be rather coarse - with otherwise the same criteria as previously mentioned for the thin wires - and a bristle thickness of 0 , 6 mm. In the in Commercially available brushes are differentiated with regard to the bristle densities between loosened (ie coarse) and medium-tight and very tight (ie fine and very fine). It is no problem to select the brush suitable for the respective application from the large number of brushes available in specialist shops, taking into account the bristle material and the associated hardness, elasticity, etc. of the bristles; In addition to nylon bristles, natural fiber, horsehair and pig bristles are also known.

Despite the single-layer feed of the solid mixture, it cannot be ruled out that thicker wires overlay thinner wires. When brushing or severing preferably initially thick pieces of wire, there is the advantage that finer, thinner wires are exposed, which can then be better absorbed step by step in at least one further brush pass with a correspondingly adapted brushing of the brush. Several brush passes can be carried out, for example, with successively arranged conveyors having different brushes or bristles or on a conveyor with successively assigned brushes with different bristles.

If the mixture is fed with components aligned in the longitudinal direction of the brush axis, the bristles have a larger contact surface for receiving the wire pieces. In particular, thicker pieces of wire in the solid mixture can be better absorbed if they run into the bristles lying transversely on the conveyor; however, thinner wires spin faster in the bristles of the brush, even if they are fed lengthways.

The brush, which preferably rotates in the same direction, and the conveyor can alternatively be driven in opposite directions. Regardless of the direction of rotation, it is advisable to drive the conveyors and the brushes at the same speed, which largely prevents wear of the bristles due to abrasion.

In a device for separating mixture components, such as pieces of wire from the above-mentioned, sieved solid mixture, which is composed of body-shaped components up to 10 mm in grain size and said pieces of wire, a conveyor is assigned at least one brush adapted to its width. The brush rollers commercially available, but also round or belt brushes can be used as brushes. The bristles can be attached to the brush body tangentially and / or spirally as well as with gaps - so that the body-shaped mixture components cannot become embedded. Continuous belt conveyors as well as turntables, slides, troughs and drums, which may have sieve openings, can be used as conveyors, to which the brushes are assigned from above, immersed in the mixture flow.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that a feed conveyor end over a lower-lying, the brush-containing discharge conveyor. The difference in height between the feed conveyor and the lower-lying, preferably designed as an endless belt conveyor is so great, for example 100 to 150 mm, that a shifting of the wire pieces can occur during free fall; this means that wires still lying in the conveying direction on the feed conveyor then have one on the feed conveyor Take up position transverse to the transport direction and thus in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis of the brush.

The feed conveyor can advantageously be designed as a vibrating trough in which a single-layer spreading of the solid mixture results due to the vibrations during the feed. If the feed conveyor advantageously runs transversely to the discharge conveyor, wires fed to the feed conveyor lie in a longitudinally aligned position on the discharge conveyor after the transfer, transversely to the direction of conveyance. It is recommended that the feed conveyor be provided with longitudinal grooves. The grooves support that the wires, which are aligned in the longitudinal direction due to the vibrations of the vibrating trough, then maintain this position until they are transferred to the conveyor; there they lie transversely to the transport direction and thus in the longitudinal direction to the brush axis.

If successive discharge conveyors, each having at least one brush, are arranged in a cascade-like manner, wherein the discharge conveyors can be arranged in a line, but preferably each discharge conveyor runs transversely with respect to the respective upstream discharge conveyor, the layers of the wire pieces can be rearranged during the transfer either during the free period If and / or because of their supply in a longitudinally aligned position, reach across to the following conveyor. In the case of a multi-stage wire selection, the wire pieces thus run into a brush lying at least once in the longitudinal direction to the brush axis.

The discharge conveyor (or the discharge conveyor) can be arranged either horizontally or inclined in the conveying direction. With inclined conveyors, the feed is smaller of the wire pieces through the brush favoring the feed angle, because the bristles come into contact with the solid mixture earlier and have time to adapt to the mixture components penetrating into the bristles. However, especially when there are several consecutive conveyors, inclined conveyors require a larger amount of space, particularly in the case of a cascade arrangement.

It is proposed that the head ends of the conveyors be provided with an inclined distributor edge that extends across the width of a lower-lying discharge conveyor. This is particularly recommended when the following conveyor is arranged transversely to the previous conveyor, because the wire pieces or the solid mixture can then be distributed over the entire width - about 600 mm - of the conveyor. If the conveyor is a belt conveyor, it can be provided with a chute having the distributor edge; a vibrating trough can have the distributor edge directly at its head or discharge end.

The bristles of the brushes advantageously extend to the surface of the conveyor, the bristle length in conveyors with a profiled surface being set to the "valley", ie the deepest point of the surface profile. Such bristle supports that the wire pieces to be picked up better press into the bristles. While the pieces of wire do not deflect the bristles and thus get caught in the bristle, the body-shaped components, on the other hand, press out of the bristles after passing the narrowest point between the bristle and the conveyor surface.

A brush can advantageously be provided at the head end of each removal conveyor; alternatively, the brush can be arranged in front of the head end above the discharge conveyor. The last-mentioned embodiment makes it possible to take off pieces of wire of different thicknesses with only one removal conveyor, because there is sufficient space in the conveying direction to optionally provide a second or third brush, each with different bristles, above the same removal conveyor.

The brushes can be arranged or set at an angle to the conveying direction, making it possible to adjust the brushes in the horizontal plane when the wires are fed at an angle so that their longitudinal axes run parallel to the pieces of wire.

According to one embodiment of the invention, brushes with different bristles can be arranged on an axially displaceable drive shaft. A solid mixture treated in a first brush pass can then be fed onto the same conveyor and the brush adapted to the pieces of wire to be separated in this pass can be used by displacing the drive shaft. Alternatively, the arms of an at least two-armed rotating arm can be provided with self-propelled brushes which are bristled differently from arm to arm. In the case of brushes mounted on rotating arms, it is possible to replace the brushes which are in an out-of-operation position during operation.

Advantageously, a powered pickguard roller that meshes with the brushes can be provided with at least two wings to remove the wires picked up by a brush from the Remove the bristles, ie knock them out or comb them out. Another option is to remove the wires with a harder and faster rotating brush.

The pickguard rollers, which advantageously rotate in the same direction as the brushes, should have at least two flapping wings in order to avoid imbalance; when combing or combing out, however, at least four blades are recommended.

If the pickguard roller is opposed to a catch wall in the direction of rotation, an encapsulated working area results; Pieces of wire knocked out of the bristles bounce off the collecting wall and slide downwards, e.g. on a conveyor belt running there and transporting the wire pieces to a collecting container.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the feed conveyor ends at a distance from the bristle above the brush. Instead of delivering the solid mixture to a horizontally and / or inclined discharge conveyor (belt conveyor), it is applied directly to the brush from above. The feed conveyor advantageously ends before the upper apex of the brush, so that the solid mixture comes into contact with the bristles in the region of the circumference of the rotating brush which rises in the circumferential direction; during the remaining time, i.e. until the upper vertex is reached, the pieces of wire have the opportunity to get stuck in the bristles.

It is advisable to provide a flexible roller that loads the brush from above after the material has been added. These, for example weight or spring-loaded, oscillate suspended roller, which serves as a pressure roller, helps to press the solid mixture into the brush, the roller being advantageously driven and having an uneven surface, for example provided with depressions such as grooves. While the wires get stuck in the bristle due to insufficient deflection of the bristles, the body-shaped mixture components press out of the bristle after passing through the pressure roller and thus fall down early. On the other hand, the wires held in the bristle are carried further - possibly beyond the lowest point of the brush (lower apex of the brush) - and only then removed from the bristle. For this purpose, a comb (pickguard), which can be swiveled and adjusted in height, can be immersed in the bristles.

If a, optionally adjustable, separating saddle is arranged on the discharge side of the brush, it contributes to keeping the body-shaped components falling out of the bristle at an early stage and the wire pieces which have been knocked out or combed only much later in the direction of rotation of the brush, since these separate namely the body-shaped components in front and the pieces of wire fall behind the separating saddle.

According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that a brush running obliquely to the conveying direction be immersed in the conveyor up to approximately half its diameter, which is preferably designed as a slide. In this arrangement, the brush deflects the body-shaped components of the solid mixture supplied on the chute in a different direction according to its inclined position, while the wire pieces are lifted or lifted by the brush and thus be removed from the flow; a spiral bristle of the brush supports the removal or lifting effect.

Fig. 1

einen quer zu einem Zuführförderer verlaufenden, an seinem Kopfende eine Bürste aufweisenden, horizontalen Abförderer, in schematischer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 2

eine der erfindungsgemäßen Trennanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 entsprechende Fördereranordnung mit zwei über dem Abförderer angeordneten Bürsten;

Fig. 3

eine mehrstufige, kaskadenartig aufgebaute, aus einem Zuführförderer und mehreren in Linie angeordneten Abförderern bestehende Trennvorrichtung, in schematischer Längsansicht;

Fig. 4

eine aus mehreren Förderern bestehende Trennvorrichtung, bei der jeder Förderer bezogen auf den jeweils vorgeordneten Förderer quer verläuft, in schematischer Längsansicht;

Fig. 5

die mehrstufige Trennvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4 in der Draufsicht, mit bei dem ersten Abförderer schräg zur Förderrichtung angeordneter Bürste;

Fig. 6

eine der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 entsprechende, demgegenüber allerdings mit in Förderrichtung geneigtem Abförderer ausgebildete Trennvorrichtung;

Fig. 7

eine der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3 entsprechende, demgegenüber allerdings geneigte Abförderer aufweisende Trennvorrichtung;

Fig. 8

eine der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 4 entsprechende, demgegenüber allerdings geneigte Abförderer aufweisende Trennvorrichtung;

Fig. 9

in vergrößertem Maßstab als Einzelheit eine mit ihren Borsten eine profilierte Oberfläche eines Förderers bestreichende Bürste, in schematischer Längsansicht auszugsweise dargestellt;

Fig. 10

eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Trennvorrichtung mit einem das Feststoffgemisch von oben auf eine Bürste aufgebenden Zuführförderer und einer der Bürste zugeordneten Andrückwalze, in schematischer Längsansicht;

Fig. 11

eine erfindungsgemäße Trennvorrichtung mit zwei über einem Abförderer angeordneten, voneinander verschiedenen Bürsten sowie den Bürsten zugeordneten Schlagbrettwalzen, in schematischer Längsansicht;

Fig. 12

einen einem Abförderer zugeordneten, aus drei auf einer axial verschiebbaren Antriebswelle angeordneten, voneinander verschieden beborsteten Bürsten bestehenden Bürstensatz, in schematischer Draufsicht;

Fig. 13

eine der Ausführung gemäß Fig. 12 entsprechende Anordnung mit demgegenüber allerdings auf einem dreiarmigen Dreharm angeordneten, voneinander verschieden beborsteten Bürsten bestehenden Bürstensatz, in schematischer Längsansicht dargestellt;

Fig. 14

eine Ausführung einer Trennvorrichtung, bei der eine Bürste schräg zur Förderrichtung in einem als Rutsche ausgebildeten Förderer angeordnet ist, in schematischer Draufsicht;

Fig. 15

die Trennvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 14 entlang der Linie XV-XV geschnitten, in der Zeichnungsebene gedreht dargestellt; und

Fig. 16

eine Trennvorrichtung mit kaskadenartiger Hintereinanderschaltung mehrerer Bürsten unterschiedlicher Beborstung.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the claims and the following description, in which some exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1

a transverse discharge conveyor running transversely to a feed conveyor and having a brush at its head end, in a schematic front view;

Fig. 2

a conveyor arrangement corresponding to the separating arrangement according to the invention according to FIG. 1 with two brushes arranged above the discharge conveyor;

Fig. 3

a multi-stage, cascade-like, consisting of a feed conveyor and a plurality of discharge conveyors arranged in line, in a schematic longitudinal view;

Fig. 4

a separation device consisting of several conveyors, in which each conveyor runs transversely with respect to the respective upstream conveyor, in a schematic longitudinal view;

Fig. 5

4 in a top view, with the brush arranged obliquely to the conveying direction in the first discharge conveyor;

Fig. 6

a separating device corresponding to the arrangement according to FIG. 1, however formed with a discharge conveyor inclined in the conveying direction;

Fig. 7

a separating device corresponding to the arrangement according to FIG. 3, but with an inclined discharge conveyor;

Fig. 8

a separating device corresponding to the arrangement according to FIG. 4, but with an inclined discharge conveyor;

Fig. 9

on an enlarged scale, as a detail, a brush brushing a profiled surface of a conveyor with its bristles, shown in part in a schematic longitudinal view;

Fig. 10

an embodiment of the separating device according to the invention with a feed conveyor feeding the solid mixture from above onto a brush and a pressure roller assigned to the brush, in a schematic longitudinal view;

Fig. 11

a separation device according to the invention with two arranged above a discharge, different brushes and assigned to the brush pickguard rollers, in a schematic longitudinal view;

Fig. 12

a schematic view of a brush set associated with a conveyor consisting of three brushes arranged on an axially displaceable drive shaft and bristling differently from each other;

Fig. 13

an arrangement corresponding to the embodiment according to FIG. 12, however with a brush set consisting of brushes of different bristles arranged on a three-armed rotary arm, shown in a schematic longitudinal view;

Fig. 14

an embodiment of a separating device in which a brush is arranged obliquely to the conveying direction in a conveyor designed as a slide, in a schematic plan view;

Fig. 15

14 cut along the line XV-XV, shown rotated in the plane of the drawing; and

Fig. 16

a separating device with cascade-like connection of several brushes with different bristles.

A separating device for separating wires 1 (cf. FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 14) from a pre-sorted solid mixture containing, in addition to wires, also body-shaped components with a grain size of up to 10 mm, the solid mixture is - as in all the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings - via a bunker 2 to a vibrating trough 3 designed as a feed conveyor. During the transport to the discharge end 4 of the vibrating trough 3, the solid mixture is homogenized in height and width on the vibrating trough 3, and at the same time the wires 1 are aligned in the longitudinal direction, supported by longitudinal grooves 5 on the surface of the vibrating trough 3, whereby the wires 1 maintain their aligned position (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The in the conveying direction 7 inclined vibrating trough 3 delivers the material mixture to a discharge conveyor which runs transversely to the vibrating trough 3 and which, as in the other exemplary embodiments, is designed as an endless belt conveyor 6. The solid mixture transported on the belt conveyor 6 in the conveying direction 7 is brushed by a brush 11 arranged at the head end 8 of the belt conveyor 6 and rotating in the same direction as the belt conveyor 6 in the direction of rotation 9 (see the arrow). The bristles 12 of the brush 11 according to FIG. 1, which has a coarse, loosened bristle, extend to the surface of the conveyor belt 13 of the belt conveyor 6 and - as shown in detail in FIG. 9 - are of such a length that they are in the case of a surface-profiled conveyor belt the deepest points 14 (valleys) (cf. FIG. 9). With a coarse, loosened bristle, as shown for the brush 11 in Fig. 1, thick wires 1 (about 3.5 mm) are picked up and separated from the solid mixture.

Connected to the first belt conveyor 6 in the conveying direction 7 are further belt conveyors 6 ′ or 6 ″, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, and the belt conveyors 6, 6 ′, 6 ″ are brushes with different bristles 12, 12 Associated with ', 12'', wires 1 of different thicknesses can be continuously separated in successive brushing stages. 3 to 8 are therefore either in a line, cascade-like (cf. FIGS. 3 and 7) or in relation to the preceding belt conveyor, in each case transversely arranged belt conveyors 6, 6 ', 6''(cf. 4 and 8) brushes 11, 11 ', 11''with different densities of the bristles 12, 12', 12 ''. The first brush 11 in the conveying direction 7 has a loosened (coarse) bristle 12 and serves for receiving the thick wires 1 of the solid mixture, and the subsequent brushes 11 'or 11''have a medium-density or very dense bristle 12' or 12 '' (cf. brushes 11 'or 11''). This means that from belt conveyor to belt conveyor 6, 6 ', 6''gradually thinner (finer) wires 1 are picked up with brushes 11', 11 '', the bristles of which become ever denser (finer) towards the end of the conveyor arrangement.

As shown in Fig. 2 (see also Fig. 11), wires 1 of different thicknesses can also be separated with only one belt conveyor 6 in a continuous, continuous process if the belt conveyor 6 has at least two brushes 11, 11 'with different ones Bristle 12, 12 'are assigned. In order to make room for the arrangement of successive brushes, the brush 11 first reached by the solid mixture in the conveying direction 7 is located between the feed and head ends 15 and 8 above the conveyor belt 13 of the belt conveyor 6.

In the case of belt conveyors 6, 6 ', 6''(see FIGS. 7 and 8) which are inclined in the conveying direction 7 and shown in FIG. 8 for reasons of drawing without a vibrating trough 3 (see FIGS. 7 and 8), this results in a horizontal arrangement of the belt conveyors (see FIG. 3 and 4) a smaller feed angle and thus a stronger feed of the wires 1 by the brushes 11, 11 ', 11''and, due to the angle of inclination, also an additional conveying effect which allows the brushes to be rotated in the opposite direction to the conveying direction 7 (cf. operate the arrows in Fig. 7); a material jam does not occur.

Due to the cascade-like arrangement (see FIGS. 3 and 7) of a plurality of belt conveyors 6, 6 'and 6, 6', 6 '' of the belt conveyors with a drop height 17 which is greater than the length of the most common in the pre-sorted solid mixture occurring wire lengths, and should therefore be between 100 and 150 mm, is a layering, ie Change in position of the wires 1 reached during the free fall. The wires 1 are thus at least once brought into such a position during the multi-stage treatment process that they are transported on the belt conveyor 6 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the brushes 11, 11 ', 11' 'and thus transversely to the conveying direction 7, as in FIG 5 for the wires 1 lying on the belt conveyor 6 '. Such a position of the wires 1 is preferably achieved in that the feed conveyor 3 extends transversely to the belt conveyor 6 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) and / or each belt conveyor with respect to the respective upstream belt conveyor 6, 6 ', 6' ' is arranged transversely, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8.

In the case of conveyors arranged transversely to a follow-up conveyor, a distribution of the solid mixture and thus in particular also of the wires 1 over the entire width of the conveyor running transversely to the upstream conveyor is achieved if their head or discharge ends 8 or 4 are inclined in the conveying direction 7 cut distribution edge 19 is provided, which extends almost over the entire width of the following belt conveyor 6, 6 ', 6''(see FIG. 5) and in the vibrating trough 3 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 directly at the discharge end 4 and in the belt conveyors 6, 6 ', 6''is formed on a slide 18 arranged at the head end 8 of the belt conveyor. The distributor edge 19 improves the distribution of the solid mixture in a single layer on the subsequent sponsor. Finally, by means of a brush 11 which runs obliquely with respect to the conveying direction 7 in the horizontal plane, as shown, for example, in FIG. 5 for the belt conveyor 6, compensation can be provided if wires are fed in an appropriate inclined position on the belt conveyor 6; the brush 11 and the wires 1 are then aligned approximately parallel to one another with their longitudinal extent.

11 to 13 show how the picked-up wires 1, which get caught between the bristles 12, as shown in FIG. 9, are removed from the brushes 11 or 11 'or 11''etc. The rotational speeds of the brushes are below the centrifugal force range at which there is an uncontrolled spinning or throwing away of the wires 1 taken up; the peripheral speeds are such that the bristles 12, 12 ', 12''have sufficient time to take the wires 1 out of the solid mixture. The two brushes 11, 11 'arranged above the belt conveyor 6 are assigned pickguard rollers 21, 21' (see FIG. 11) which have at least two vanes 22 and rotate in the same direction of rotation 9 as the brushes 11, 11 '. The brush 11, which has a coarse bristle 12 for picking up thick wires 1 in the conveying direction 7, is assigned a pickguard roller 21 which has fewer blades 22 than that of the following brush 11 'which is provided with a denser bristle 12' for picking up finer wires Pickguard roller 21 '. The pickguard rollers 21, 21 'are in their circumferential direction 9 catch walls 23 which limit the wires 1 knocked out by the wings 22 in their trajectory and guide them to a conveyor belt 24 for removal. The depth at which the wings 22 penetrate into the bristles 12, 12 'is adjustable, preferably by moving the pickguard rollers 21, 21' in the conveying direction 7.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 12, the belt conveyor 6 is assigned an axially displaceable drive shaft 26 in the direction of the double arrow 25, on which three brushes 11, 11 ', 11' 'with loosened (coarse), thicker (finer) and very thick (very store bristles 12, 12 ', 12' '; The brush 11, 11 ′, 11 ″ corresponding to the thickness of the wires 1 to be separated in each case is brought into the operating position by simply moving the drive shaft 26 transversely. Instead of the illustrated one pickguard or comb roller 27, each brush can be assigned its own pickguard or comb roller. By moving the pickguard roller 27 in the direction of the double arrow 28, the depth of penetration of the wings 22 engaging in the bristle can be varied. The catching wall 23 is much wider than the belt conveyor 6 and the pickguard or comb roller 27, so that there is an encapsulated working area in the vicinity of the wires knocked out of the brushes by the blades 22. At the end of the conveyor belt 24 that conveys the wires, a collecting container 29 is set up.

The embodiment according to FIG. 13 differs from that of FIG. 12 only in the holder of the brushes 11, 11 ', 11''; these are namely on the arms 31 of a three-armed, adjustable about the axis 32 rotary arm 33 and have their own drive, not shown. The brush 11, 11 ', 11''corresponding to the respective wire thicknesses is in this case simply rotated by the rotating arm 33 in Operating position brought, as shown for the brush 11. During operation with the brush 11, the brushes 11 ', 11''are freely accessible and can be replaced or replaced without having to interrupt the operation.

According to FIG. 10, the solid mixture containing body-shaped constituents 34 in addition to the wires 1 is fed onto the brush 11 from above by the vibrating trough 3. The discharge end 4 of the vibrating trough 3 ends at a distance 35 from the bristle 12 just before the upper apex 36 and thus in the ascending area of the brush 11 rotating in the direction of rotation 9. A rotating pressure roller 38 suspended in a swinging manner in a two-lever rocker 37 lowers in the direction of rotation 9 in front of the upper apex 36 on the bristle 12 of the brush 11. At the free end of the rocker 37 there is a metering weight 39 with which the contact pressure of the pressure roller 38 on the brush 11 can be adjusted. This allows the wires 1 and body-shaped components 34 to be delicately pressed into the bristle 12 of the brush 11. The rotation of the pressure roller 38 can take place via friction with the bristles 12 of the brush 11 or via a separate or common drive. After passing the pressure roller 38, only the wires 1 which hardly deflect the bristles 12 remain in the bristle, while the body-shaped components 34 press out of the bristle 12 and fall out of the bristles 12 immediately after passing the pressure roller 38; on the other hand, the wires 1 are taken a lot further in the direction of rotation 9 - possibly beyond the lower vertex 41. As shown, however, a pivotable and / or height-adjustable protrudes (cf. double arrows 42, 43) Comb (or pickguard) 44 into the bristle 12 and remove the wires from the brush 11 even before they reach the lower vertex 41. A separating saddle 46 arranged between the comb 44 and the drop curve of the body-shaped components 34 according to arrow 45 supports the separation of the wires 1 from the body-shaped components 34. An end wall 47 provides an encapsulated separation area.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14, a brush 11 is arranged obliquely to the conveying direction 7 in a chute 50 adjoining a feed or belt conveyor 3 or 6. The brush 11 dips into the chute 50 up to about half its diameter (see FIG. 15) and causes body-shaped components 34 to deflect and pass on when they hit the bristles 12 from the conveying direction 7, while the wires 1 are moved by the Bristles 12 are gripped, removed from the flow and lifted in the direction of arrow 48 (see FIG. 15) over the brush 11 and transported away via a chute 49 adjoining there. The slide 49 protrudes into the bristles 12 and thus acts like a pickguard or a comb in that it removes the entrained wires 1 from the brush 11.

According to FIG. 16, three vibrating brushes are arranged cascade-like in a row one after the other in a vibrating channel 3. Again, the bristles are expediently graded from coarse to fine. Each brush 11, 11 ', 11''acts with a comb or pickguard 51 which is arranged in the direction of rotation 9 before the lower apex 41 and engages in the bristles 12, 12', 12 '' to separate out the wires 1 carried in a container 52 below together. The body-shaped mixture components 34 cascade down over the brushes 11, 11 ', 11''and reach a transport container 54 via a separating saddle 53.

Claims (35)

Method for processing small-sized material, characterized in that the long parts are separated by brushing from a solid mixture containing long parts. A method according to claim 1, characterized by a pre-classified, preferably sieved, single-layer mixture of solids. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a multiple brush pass . Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mixture is supplied with long parts aligned in the longitudinal direction of the brush axis. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a mixture conveyor and brushes are driven at the same rotational speed. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the brush and the conveyor are driven in opposite directions. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that finer mixture constituents are separated off step by step in successive brushing stages. Device for processing small-sized material, characterized in that a conveyor (3) is assigned at least one brush (11, 11 ', 11'') adapted to its width. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that a feed conveyor (3) ends above a lower-lying discharge conveyor (6) having the brush (11, 11 ', 11''). Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the feed conveyor (3) extends transversely to the discharge conveyor (6). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the feed conveyor (3) is provided with longitudinal grooves (5). Device according to one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized by cascade-like discharge conveyors (6, 6 ', 6'') each having at least one brush (11, 11', 11 ''). Device according to one or more of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the discharge conveyors (6, 6 ', 6'') are arranged inclined in the conveying direction (7). Device according to one or more of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that each discharge conveyor runs transversely with respect to the respective upstream discharge conveyor (6, 6 ', 6''). Device according to one or more of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the head ends (4, 8) of the conveyors (3; 6, 6 ', 6'') have an inclined distributor edge (which extends across the width of a respective lower conveyor) ( 19) are provided. Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the feed conveyor (3) is designed as a vibrating trough. Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the discharge conveyors (6, 6 ', 6'') are designed as endless belt conveyors. Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that the bristles (12, 12 ', 12'') of the brushes (11, 11', 11 '') up to the surface of the conveyors (3; 6, 6 ', 6'') are sufficient. Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 18, characterized by a brush (11, 11 ', 11'') arranged at the head end (8) of each discharge conveyor (6, 6', 6 ''). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 19, characterized in that the brushes (11, 11 ', 11'') are arranged in front of the head end (15; 8) above the discharge conveyor (6, 6', 6 '') . Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 20, characterized in that the brushes (11, 11 ', 11'') run obliquely to the conveying direction (7). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 21, characterized in that the bristles in the conveying direction (7) from brush to brush (11, 11 ', 11'') are denser. Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 21, characterized in that brushes (11, 11 ', 11'') with different bristles (12, 12', 12 '') are arranged on an axially displaceable drive shaft (26) . Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 21, characterized in that the arm ends (31) of an at least two-arm rotating arm (33) are self-propelled brushes (11, 11 ', 11'') with bristles (arm) (31) which differ 12, 12 ', 12''). Device according to one or more of claims 8 to 24, characterized by driven pickguard rollers (21, 21 '; 27) which mesh with the brushes (11, 11', 11 '') and have at least two wings (22). Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the pickguard rollers (21, 21 '; 27) rotate in the same direction as the brushes (11, 11', 11 ''). Apparatus according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the pickguard roller (21, 21 '; 27) is opposite a catch wall (23) in the direction of rotation (9). Device according to one or more of claims 8, 10 or 16, characterized in that the feed conveyor (3) ends at a distance (35) from the bristle (12) above the brush (11). Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that the feed conveyor (3) ends before the upper apex (36) of the brush (11). Apparatus according to claim 28 or 29, characterized by a resilient pressure roller (38) arranged after the material feed and loading the brush (11) from above. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the pressure roller (38) is driven and has an uneven surface. Device according to one or more of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that a comb (44) arranged below the brush (11) dips into the bristles (12). Device according to one or more of claims 28 to 32, characterized by a separating saddle (46) arranged on the discharge side of the brush (11). Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that an inclined to the conveying direction (7) Brush (11) is arranged up to about half of its diameter immersed in the conveyor (chute 50). Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the conveyor (50) is designed as a slide.

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