EP0485780A1 - Optisch wirksames Material sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Optisch wirksames Material sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0485780A1
EP0485780A1 EP91118190A EP91118190A EP0485780A1 EP 0485780 A1 EP0485780 A1 EP 0485780A1 EP 91118190 A EP91118190 A EP 91118190A EP 91118190 A EP91118190 A EP 91118190A EP 0485780 A1 EP0485780 A1 EP 0485780A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
material according
carrier
optically
film
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91118190A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Viktor Selinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0485780A1 publication Critical patent/EP0485780A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F7/00—Designs imitating three-dimensional effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optically active material according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • Such optically effective materials are preferably used for the inexpensive imitation of structures of semi-precious stones. These materials can also be used in the manufacture of buildings as visually striking and aesthetically pleasing components.
  • Insects or similar optically attractive elements are often poured into acrylic glass objects. Their quasi three-dimensional arrangement in the acrylic glass object allows the complete physical representation of the element.
  • the effect layers are flat and are arranged one above the other, they each have optical plumb lines oriented approximately in the same direction. As a result, incident light is always diffracted at approximately the same angle. However, this means that a different optical impression of the imitated natural structure can only arise if the position of the light source and / or the effect material and / or the viewer changes.
  • the aim of the present invention is to improve the optical effect of conventional optically active materials.
  • This object is achieved in a generic optical material by the characterizing features of claim 1 and in a generic method for producing an optically effective material by the characterizing features of claim 12.
  • the element can be chemically or physically changed three-dimensionally before it is arranged in and / or on the carrier, for example. H. is adapted to the conditions specified by the carrier.
  • the three-dimensionally effective element optically creates a double spatial effect in a carrier.
  • the element works three-dimensionally for itself.
  • the basic prerequisite for achieving such a three-dimensional effect is of course a difference in the optical properties - for example the refractive indices - of the support and the element.
  • the layer, sheet or film-like element preferably has relief-like contours within the carrier. The Depth effects when looking at natural substances that appear in space can be imitated in a surprisingly similar way.
  • the element can of course also be a deliberately created flaw or gap in the carrier, but it may also have flaws itself. All physical states are conceivable for material, carrier and also element. The surface quality must be adapted to the respective requirements. Since the element can have any dimensions, industrial production is possible to an almost unlimited extent.
  • the element advantageously has surface sections with at least two surface normals not aligned parallel to one another.
  • the viewer's eye not only receives light from a preferred direction of incidence. Rather, differently oriented surface normals and, accordingly, differently oriented optical incidence solders cause a variety of different diffractions.
  • the different sections of the element are quasi optically individualized, ie each section is a diffraction system in its own right. This increases the spatial effect of the changed element in a physically known manner. The viewer has an intense depth effect.
  • individualization also means that light is not only perceived at a certain angle on the element. The likelihood of diffraction at an incident perpendicular to any element section is increased.
  • the element particularly preferably has sections of surfaces which are inclined at different angles to one another. These automatically arise when the film-like element is subjected to different external forces.
  • Such surfaces are preferably produced mechanically, for example using the so-called embossing process or the vacuum process.
  • the element has surfaces with sections of different shapes.
  • the intensity of the diffracted light can be changed as a function of the incidence section on the element.
  • a curvature of the element for example, achieves an optically dispersing or collecting effect.
  • the element is preferably optically iridescent.
  • the element is particularly preferably partially reflective, partially transmissive and / or absorbent. If light rays pass through a first element and strike another element below the first element, partial reflection also takes place here. The light reflected by the second element can again pass through the first element above and there again contribute to the formation of interference. The result is an individual color impression.
  • the color impression is intensified insofar as elements arranged one above the other produce roughly the same visual images. This is the case, for example, when surfaces of the elements are aligned quasi parallel to one another with respect to the passage of light. In combination with the three-dimensional arrangement, color effects can be achieved that were previously not possible in their purity. In particular, these color effects provide an optical appearance that is extremely similar to the precious opal.
  • a protective layer is arranged between the element and the carrier substance, which prevents a reaction between the carrier substance and the element.
  • a protective layer is arranged between the element and the carrier substance, which prevents a reaction between the carrier substance and the element.
  • acrylic there are often unwanted reactions when in contact with other materials.
  • substances in an acrylic support e.g. H. Items dissolve or swell. The adhesion of the different materials to each other is reduced or can even be lost entirely.
  • the protective layer, carrier or element can be a photopolymer with the property of curing under the action of UV radiation.
  • a protective layer, carrier or element for example, solvent-based lacquers, solvent-free lacquer and two component systems that polymerize under the action of UV light, catalysts or heat, etc., copolymers or mixtures of systems etc. can also be used.
  • the protective layer is particularly preferably flame-retardant or self-extinguishing. This is precisely when using the optically effective material as a building or As a decorative element, it is an advantage if the risk of fire is to be minimized. Even if part of the optically active material should burn, the protective layer can prevent the remaining, protected part of the material from burning away.
  • the support or element can also be flame-retardant or self-extinguishing, which means that the risk of fire can be completely excluded.
  • the materials used can be colored as desired.
  • the coloring can of course, i. H. with the help of rock, metal, vegetable powders, color soils or sand, chemically, for example, through pigments, liquid-crystalline phases, fluorescent substances or physically via vaporization, possibly with metal oxides, interference colors, light guides.
  • the film-like element is preferably a rainbow film.
  • Such films - consisting of a large number of translucent plastic layers - are inexpensive to manufacture and are available everywhere.
  • a rainbow film creates an opalescent effect when illuminated with light at a certain angle of incidence due to different diffraction of certain wavelengths.
  • the element is particularly preferably a continuous layer and / or a light guide. If the above-mentioned layer is introduced between two identical materials, it essentially serves as an optical medium with a different refractive index than the rest of the material.
  • the relief-like configuration of the layer again contributes to the double three-dimensional effect according to the invention.
  • the layer can also be lightly coated with translucent plastic, preferably on both sides. This composition achieves the optical effect according to the invention and has the advantage that with extreme flexibility it can be used as a semi-finished product where the essential requirement of the optically effective material is its flexibility.
  • the bottom surface and / or at least one side surface of the material has an optically non-transmitting layer. Radiation cannot leave the optically active material after the passage. A background contrast is thus created for the film-like elements, which enhances the optically three-dimensional effect of the optically active material.
  • the optically non-transmitting layer can only be produced, for example, by coloring the already existing material, but also by providing an additional layer of its own.
  • the carrier is a carrier substance which maintains a relative equilibrium position of the at least one element in the material. A rigid, crystalline solid structure of the material for the viewer can be ensured in this way.
  • the originally smooth surface of the film-like element can be changed, inter alia, by applying pressure and / or tension and / or torque. This allows the required structure of the desired final state of the film-like element to be determined.
  • the changes can be made either mechanically or manually.
  • the optically active material is finally cut and reassembled in any way.
  • the three-dimensional impression of the optically effective material can be enhanced.
  • Appearances such as pictures, letters or objects can be arranged between the cutting planes. This makes it possible to combine the three-dimensional effects of the optically effective material with information media at the same time.
  • the optically active material is preferably polished on the surface.
  • Suitable finishing processes are, for example, the polyurethane adhesive technology with glass, the antistatic coating, the no drop coating, the coating by plasma polymerization, screen printing and scratch-resistant coatings, etc.
  • Remainders of the optically active material that are no longer used are advantageously ground, shaped or further polished in drum grinders or vibrators to form so-called “pebbles” or coated differently depending on the application.
  • These "pebbles” combine excellently with, for example, acrylic blends, recycled acrylic of any size, color or transparency, which is also processed using the above method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a finished, optically active material 1. It is produced as follows: First, a casting mold, not shown, is arranged in a water bath in a known manner. An uncured epoxy resin 3 is introduced into this mold up to a certain height.
  • a film-like element 2 for example in the form of a rainbow film, is processed outside the casting mold into pieces of the desired size.
  • the rainbow film pieces 2 obtained in this way are subsequently subjected to an external force. They can be rotated, compressed, pulled or surface manipulated in any other way. The manipulation is only about generating surface sections 4a, 4b of different inclinations to one another or else surface sections 5a, 5b of different shapes.
  • a correspondingly large number of optical solders in a wide variety of directions results.
  • the number of different reflection or transmission preferred directions for incident light is directly proportional to the number of differently oriented optical solders.
  • the rainbow film pieces 2 are placed on the surface of the not yet hardened epoxy resin 3 or immersed therein.
  • the rainbow film pieces 2 can also be changed in their structure only after arrangement in the epoxy resin 3.
  • a further layer of liquid epoxy resin 3 can be poured into the casting mold. This further epoxy resin 3 again takes up rainbow film pieces 2 on the surface. After curing, the storage process of the rainbow film pieces 2 in the epoxy resin 3 can be repeated step by step.
  • the desired mold can initially be completely filled with epoxy resin 3.
  • the pre-processed rainbow film pieces 2 are then arranged in the not yet hardened state of the epoxy resin 3, for example with the aid of tweezers, in the desired position. After curing, the pieces 2 are fixed.
  • silicone, glass, acrylic, oils or aqueous substances can also be used, for example.
  • the carrier 3 is selected based on the criterion of the desired color and / or the desired refractive index. When using aqueous substances as the carrier 3, the severity of the film-like elements 2 determines their position.
  • the material 1 can be removed from the casting mold.
  • the lower and / or. Side surfaces can be provided with an absorption color. The light incident on the material 1 is not allowed to pass through.
  • the surface is additionally refined. This refinement is carried out by attaching a glass 7 on the surface of the material 1 which appears to the outside or possibly by polishing this surface. This surface can also be painted.
  • optically active materials 1, 1 ', 1' ', 1' '' are first produced as previously explained. After curing, they are cut up. The resulting parts are then combined with one another as required. The combination is made by placing the parts on the corresponding cutting planes. In this way, even different carrier substances of different colors or refractive indices can be combined with one another. It is also possible to use film-like elements 2 and 2 'which cannot be accommodated in the other carrier substance 3, 3', for example for chemical reasons.
  • Images or similar recordable objects can advantageously be arranged between the cutting planes. This ensures that the optical component is used as a communication medium.
  • a manufacturing method for the optically active material is explained in more detail: First, a tubular body with an approximately U-shape is placed on a lying glass plate. Another glass plate is placed on the tubular body from above. Clamps to be arranged laterally along the outer circumference of the glass plates effect a sealing connection between the glass plates and the tubular body. The interior space delimited by the tubular body between the glass plates is only accessible from one side, namely through the opening between the two leg ends. Thus, the structure called glass mold and tubular body forms a pocket.
  • the mold is now placed upright in such a way that the formed pocket is open at the top.
  • the previously protruding section of the tubular body and the other end of the tubular body lie side by side as seen from above. They are mutually sealed using a suitable kit. Clamps are then also attached to the location of the kit, which means that the necessary pressure is then exerted on the two glass plates.
  • the entire mold is placed in a preheated water bath. This prepolymerizes the prepolymerized acrylic. The duration of this process depends on a wide variety of factors, for example the thickness of the molding compound.
  • the entire casting mold is annealed in a forced air oven until no more stresses and migrations are to be feared.
  • the finished molded body is removed from the casting mold and used as such or as a semi-finished product for further processing.
  • This semi-finished product can be used as a core for injection molded articles. It is also possible to produce the optically active material by an injection molding process. It is particularly advantageous that the injection molds already specify certain objects and the optically active material quickly adapts to these shapes. This optimizes the speed and thus the economy of the manufacturing process. Of course, extrusion, co-extrusion, coating processes, etc. are also conceivable as processes for producing the optically active material.

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
EP91118190A 1990-11-12 1991-10-24 Optisch wirksames Material sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP0485780A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4035965A DE4035965A1 (de) 1990-11-12 1990-11-12 Optisch wirksames material sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE4035965 1990-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0485780A1 true EP0485780A1 (de) 1992-05-20

Family

ID=6418113

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91118190A Withdrawn EP0485780A1 (de) 1990-11-12 1991-10-24 Optisch wirksames Material sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5220633A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0485780A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH04297650A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2055235A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE4035965A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004048314A1 (de) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-13 Artur Fischer Tip Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reliefbildes

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0758958B1 (de) * 1994-05-07 1998-07-15 HSB Selbstbausysteme GmbH Verfahren zur herstellung von dekormaterialien
AUPO350696A0 (en) * 1996-11-07 1996-12-05 Braun, Andre Charles Composite greeting card
AU2006100020B4 (en) * 2005-10-12 2006-05-18 Steven Cordell A processed porous stone
DE102013108341A1 (de) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-05 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Oberflächen mit Glas-Optik an mobilen Bedienelementen für Kraftfahrzeuge
WO2020167853A1 (en) * 2019-02-11 2020-08-20 Fiberlok Technologies Light retroreflective graphic textile

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4567072A (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-01-28 Murfin Incorporated Article exhibiting apparent luminescence and its method of manufacture
DE3533463C1 (de) * 1985-09-19 1987-04-30 Swarovski & Co Effektmaterial
EP0320638A1 (en) * 1987-11-17 1989-06-21 Mannington Mills, Inc. Decorative embossed surface coverings having platey material and inlaid appearance
WO1990008338A1 (en) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-26 Ohala John J Visual effect created by an array of reflective facets with controlled slopes

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH356054A (fr) * 1958-11-22 1961-07-31 Polloni Guido Plaque pour vitraux et procédé de fabrication de ladite plaque
DE1897352U (de) * 1964-03-28 1964-07-23 Zimmermann & Co Lichtdurchlaessige platte oder folienbahn.
DE1997647U (de) * 1968-06-21 1968-11-28 Hohmann Baustoffe Kg Vorm Hohm 3-d naturbild
US4030317A (en) * 1973-07-16 1977-06-21 Rogell Paul S Simulated gemstone
US4042673A (en) * 1973-11-02 1977-08-16 General Electric Company Novel diamond products and the manufacture thereof
DE3302675A1 (de) * 1983-01-27 1984-08-02 Jelica 2000 Hamburg Hilgraf Verfahren zur herstellung von bildern
JPS6071598A (ja) * 1983-09-24 1985-04-23 Kyocera Corp クリソベリル・キャッツ・アイ合成単結晶
JPS6096589A (ja) * 1983-10-26 1985-05-30 京セラ株式会社 宝飾部材

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4567072A (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-01-28 Murfin Incorporated Article exhibiting apparent luminescence and its method of manufacture
DE3533463C1 (de) * 1985-09-19 1987-04-30 Swarovski & Co Effektmaterial
EP0320638A1 (en) * 1987-11-17 1989-06-21 Mannington Mills, Inc. Decorative embossed surface coverings having platey material and inlaid appearance
WO1990008338A1 (en) * 1989-01-18 1990-07-26 Ohala John J Visual effect created by an array of reflective facets with controlled slopes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004048314A1 (de) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-13 Artur Fischer Tip Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reliefbildes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04297650A (ja) 1992-10-21
US5220633A (en) 1993-06-15
DE4035965A1 (de) 1992-05-14
CA2055235A1 (en) 1992-05-13
DE4035965C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-08-27

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