EP0477090A1 - Zündvorrichtung für unempfindliche Sprengladungen - Google Patents

Zündvorrichtung für unempfindliche Sprengladungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0477090A1
EP0477090A1 EP91402474A EP91402474A EP0477090A1 EP 0477090 A1 EP0477090 A1 EP 0477090A1 EP 91402474 A EP91402474 A EP 91402474A EP 91402474 A EP91402474 A EP 91402474A EP 0477090 A1 EP0477090 A1 EP 0477090A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
composite
detonation
composite explosive
cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91402474A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0477090B1 (de
Inventor
Yves Bigot
Jean-Claude Derrien
Jacky Groux
Bruno Nouguez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0477090A1 publication Critical patent/EP0477090A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0477090B1 publication Critical patent/EP0477090B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0803—Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0815—Intermediate ignition capsules, i.e. self-contained primary pyrotechnic module transmitting the initial firing signal to the secondary explosive, e.g. using electric, radio frequency, optical or percussion signals to the secondary explosive

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of ammunition with reduced risks. It relates to an element that is not very vulnerable to explosive ammunition consisting of a generally metallic envelope containing a load of insensitive composite explosive and a relay for initiating this load. It also relates to a process for detonating a load of insensitive composite explosive.
  • composite explosive is conventionally understood to mean an explosive composition with a plastic binder used by casting and then polymerization and consisting of a charged plastic binder containing at least one organic nitro explosive charge, for example hexogen, l octogen or 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole (ONTA).
  • organic nitro explosive charge for example hexogen, l octogen or 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole (ONTA).
  • Composite explosives in general and compared to wax explosives, tolite-based mixtures such as hexolites, pentolites and octolites, as well as plastic binder explosives used by compression, make it possible to reduce the vulnerability of ammunition to external aggressions such as fire, impact and penetration of fragments or bullets, detonation close to neighboring munitions.
  • the term "insensitive" composite explosive is understood to mean a composite explosive commonly qualified as “insensitive” by a person skilled in the art, having a level of insensitivity corresponding to a detonation capacity index (IAD). ) according to the detonation suitability behind barrier (Card Gap Test) less than 90 cards according to the test coded in diameter 40mm or less than 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the codified test in diameter 75mm .
  • IAD detonation capacity index
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • insensitive composite explosives generally have a high critical diameter which can exceed 10 cm and exhibit a fairly long transient detonation regime when they are initiated by conventional means of initiation. Such transitional regimes are unacceptable, particularly in the military field, for example for shaped charges. This transient problem cannot be remedied by using a conventional large starting relay since the ammunition element would then be too vulnerable because of the size and sensitivity of the relay.
  • a priming system generally consists of a detonator and one or more priming relays, and that if it is possible to easily disconnect, during the storage or transport of an explosive ammunition, the detonator and a small relay to reduce the vulnerability of this ammunition, this becomes an important constraint when the relay is large.
  • French patent FR 2 575 461 describes explosive compositions little sensitive to external influences, initiated by large conventional relays sensitive and vulnerable to the shock wave, for example pentolite.
  • SOULETIS and GROUX International Symposium on Pyrotechnics and Explosives, Beijing, China, 1987, described the use of a plane wave generator in explosive material to initiate composite explosives with polyurethane binder charged with pentrite or octogen, sensitive and vulnerable to the shock wave.
  • a "insensitive" composite explosive as defined above, could be initiated by a priming relay consisting of a generator of plane waves of well defined geometry, constitution and detonic characteristics, the explosive charge and relay assembly proving to be not very vulnerable to an external attack by shock wave under storage conditions while the components of the relay, taken in isolation, are relatively sensitive to this attack (suitability indices detonation of between 90 and 200 cards on the Card Gap Test).
  • the present invention relates to a new element of explosive ordnance.
  • This element consists of a preferably metallic envelope containing on the one hand a load of explosive composite "insensitive" E having an index of capacity for detonation, according to the Card Gap Test, less than 90 cards or less than 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate and on the other hand a starting relay for this load located in contact with it.
  • This contact can be more or less important depending on the relative position relay-load.
  • the relay can be located outside the load or be totally or partially embedded in the load.
  • the ignition relay is a plane wave generator consisting on the one hand of a cylindrical-conical cap made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity of this cap being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other part of a composite explosive enhancer C, preferably cylindrical and of the same diameter d as that of the large base surface of the cylindrical-conical cap, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap on the side of its large base surface up to loading, composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the Card Gap Test between 90 and 200 cards, or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than the diameter critical ⁇ cr of the composite explosive E constituting the explosive charge, the thickness e of the intensifier of the plane wave generator being greater than 0.1d, preferably between 0.1d and d, and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of the composite explosive E,
  • cylindrical-conical designates any approximately conical or frusto-conical shape, having two base surfaces of different diameter, possibly extending by a coaxial cylindrical part.
  • the critical diameter ⁇ cr of the composite explosive E is that measured without confinement, for example according to the method consisting in evaluating the largest diameter of an explosive cylinder below which a permanent detonation can no longer propagate. For this, a sample of explosive, consisting of a series of coaxial cylinders of decreasing diameters, is initiated in detonation at its largest end. The position of the detonation stop is recorded on a lead detonation lead plate, or using a probe. The length of each cylinder is 4 times that of the diameter.
  • the detonation pressure is conventionally understood to mean the pressure appearing on the front of the shock wave. This pressure is a constant for a given explosive. It is proportional to its density ( P ) and to the square of its detonation speed (V). It is approximately equal to 0.25 P V2. It can also be determined experimentally using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the composite explosive E is a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine and their mixtures , preferably 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole. It can also contain other explosive charges, for example hexogen and / or octogen, as well as powdered metal charges, for example aluminum, and / or oxidizing charges, for example perchlorate ammonium.
  • the polyurethane binder is plasticized with an energy plasticizer carrying at least one nitro or nitric ester group, for example nitroglycerin.
  • At least one of the composite explosives A, B and C consists of a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of l octogen, hexogen, pentrite and their mixtures.
  • the composite explosives A and C identical or different, consist of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with octogen and the composite explosive B consists of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with pentrite and minium .
  • the polyurethane plastic binder of the composite explosives A, B and C is identical or different, preferably identical, preferably obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of implementing detonation of a charge in composite explosive E having a detonation capacity index according to the Card Gap Test less than 90 cards or 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate, via a priming relay located in contact with the loading.
  • the ignition relay is a generator of plane waves consisting on the one hand of a cylindro-conical cap made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity of this cap being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other hand with a composite explosive enhancer C, preferably cylindrical and of diameter d, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap on the side of its large base surface until loading, composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the Card Gap Test of between 90 and 200 cards or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than critical diameter ⁇ cr of the composite explosive E, the thickness e of the enhancer of the plane wave generator being greater than 0.1 d and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of composite explosive E.
  • Figure 1 attached shows a schematic section of a slightly vulnerable element of explosive ordnance according to the invention, having an axial symmetry.
  • the element of explosive ammunition according to the invention consists of a metal casing 1 comprising a cylindrical part of steel with a thickness of 12.5 mm and an internal diameter of 90 mm, and a rear bottom 5 also in 12.5mm thick steel.
  • This envelope 1 contains a load 2 of composite explosive E1 having a detonation suitability index of 25 cards according to the Card Gap Test codified in diameter 40mm and 40mm of polymethyl methacrylate according to the Card Gap Test coded in diameter 75mm.
  • This E explos composite explosive consists of 16% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), 12% by weight of octogen and 72% by weight of ONTA. Its critical diameter ⁇ cr, without confinement, is between 65 and 70mm and its detonation pressure is 22 GPa.
  • IPDI isophoronediisocyanate
  • This load 2 has a length of 400mm and a diameter of 90mm. It is in contact with the rear bottom 5 of the casing 1.
  • This plane wave generator 3 has an axial symmetry the axis of which coincides with that of the envelope 1 and of the load 2. It consists of a cap 7 and a reinforcer 9.
  • a wedging disc 4 of plastic material, 3mm thick, 90mm in diameter, provided with a concentric circular opening with a diameter of 20mm, makes it possible to maintain the centering of the plane wave generator 3 in the casing 1.
  • This disc wedging may also be metallic or any other rigid material.
  • the cap 7 is made of A explos composite explosive consisting of 14% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, and 86% by weight of octogen.
  • This A explos composite explosive has a detonation capacity index of 150 Card Gap Test cards in 40mm diameter.
  • the cap 7 is approximately cylindrical-frustoconical, the generatrix of the truncated cone making an angle of 57 ° with the axis.
  • the end having the smallest diameter is extended by a coaxial cylindrical part of the same diameter 20mm, of thickness 3mm, fitting into the circular opening of the wedging disc 4.
  • the end having the largest diameter is extended by a coaxial cylindrical crown of the same diameter 76mm, of height 5mm approximately.
  • the cavity 8 of this cap 7 is filled with a composite explosive B1 consisting of 11.5% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, with 17% by weight of pentrite and 71.5% by weight of minimum.
  • This B1 composite explosive has a detonation capacity index of 190 Card Gap Test cards in 40mm diameter.
  • This intensifier 9 is a C explos composite explosive consisting of 14% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, and 86% by weight of octogen.
  • This C1 composite explosive has a detonation index of 150 Card Gap Test cards with a diameter of 40mm and a detonation pressure of 30 GPa.
  • the plane wave generator 3, of mass 390 g was produced according to conventional technology and well known to those skilled in the art in the field of molding multicomponent composite explosives.
  • the free space delimited by the surface 10 of the load 2, the generator of plane waves 3, the wedging disc 4 and the cylindrical part of the envelope 1 is occupied by an inert material, preferably damping, allowing, in association with the disc 4, the setting of the plane wave generator 3. It can also be occupied by an insensitive composite explosive, preferably that constituting the charge 2, which increases the density of the explosive munition element and makes it possible to remove the timing disc 4.
  • the loading 2 was carried out using a DAVEY BICKFORD SA4000 detonator and a small 4g ground relay placed in contact with the plane wave generator 3 at the level of the cylindrical part which fits into the circular opening of the setting disc 4.
  • This small relay is a composite explosive consisting of 16% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, 44% by weight of pentrite and 40% by weight of octogenous.
  • a nominal detonation speed of 7440 m / s was obtained with a low transient speed, less than 90 mm.
  • This stack consists of 3 superimposed rows of 3 elements, each element being separated from neighboring elements by a space of 25mm.
  • One of the 2 peripheral elements of the lower row was then primed, as according to the previous test.
  • the nominal detonation of this element did not cause the detonation of the other elements.
  • This non detonation by influence shows the low vulnerability of the explosive ordnance elements according to the invention, despite the presence, in these ammunition elements, of relatively sensitive composite explosives A1, B1 and C1 (detonation ability indices of 150 and 190 cards).
  • the explosive munition element is distinguished from that mentioned above according to the invention only by the fact that the composite explosive constituting the booster 9 of the plane wave generator 3 has a detonation pressure of 20 GPa, lower than that of the composite explosive E1 (22 GPa) constituting the load 2.
  • This comparative test 2 clearly shows the unexpected nature of the non detonation by influence of the explosive ordnance elements according to the invention, since they nevertheless contain the same composite explosive C1 as well as the composite explosives A1 and B1 with a sensitivity equal to or greater than that of C1, in significant quantity (390g in total).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
EP91402474A 1990-09-20 1991-09-18 Zündvorrichtung für unempfindliche Sprengladungen Expired - Lifetime EP0477090B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9011596 1990-09-20
FR9011596A FR2667142B1 (fr) 1990-09-20 1990-09-20 Element peu vulnerable de munition explosive et procede d'amorcage d'un chargement en explosif composite peu sensible.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0477090A1 true EP0477090A1 (de) 1992-03-25
EP0477090B1 EP0477090B1 (de) 1995-01-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91402474A Expired - Lifetime EP0477090B1 (de) 1990-09-20 1991-09-18 Zündvorrichtung für unempfindliche Sprengladungen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0477090B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04227499A (de)
DE (1) DE69106994T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2069243T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2667142B1 (de)
NO (1) NO301793B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113154960A (zh) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-23 西安近代化学研究所 一种通过重力变化引起竖向位移实现恒压力差下的等速装药壳体
CN115727721A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-03 西安近代化学研究所 一种硝酸酯火药长贮相容性的评价方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9205117D0 (en) * 1991-04-15 2009-12-23 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Explosive ammunition element of low vulnerability comprising a biexplosive wave generator and process for the detonation of a comosite explosive of low sensit
RU2721926C1 (ru) * 2019-07-24 2020-05-25 Войсковая Часть 41598 Универсальный корпус для макетирования боевой части боеприпаса объемного взрыва
CN114576042B (zh) * 2022-03-11 2023-06-20 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 一种适用于固体火箭发动机远程点火装置及点火方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604042A (en) * 1947-10-06 1952-07-22 Ici Ltd Detonating explosive charge and method of impressing surfaces employing same
DE1190855B (de) * 1963-06-20 1965-04-08 Dynamit Nobel Ag Sprengstoffanordnung zur Erzeugung einer linienfoermigen Detonationsfront
FR2280053A1 (fr) * 1973-10-30 1976-02-20 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Procede d'amorcage des chargements explosifs
FR2561376A1 (fr) * 1982-05-05 1985-09-20 Saint Louis Inst Engin explosif a fragmentation
FR2575461A1 (fr) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-04 Aerojet General Co Composition explosive moulable peu sensible aux influences exterieures
FR2584066A1 (fr) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-02 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Utilisation du 5-oxo 3-nitro, 1,2,4-triazole comme substance explosive et compositions pyrotechniques contenant du 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604042A (en) * 1947-10-06 1952-07-22 Ici Ltd Detonating explosive charge and method of impressing surfaces employing same
DE1190855B (de) * 1963-06-20 1965-04-08 Dynamit Nobel Ag Sprengstoffanordnung zur Erzeugung einer linienfoermigen Detonationsfront
FR2280053A1 (fr) * 1973-10-30 1976-02-20 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Procede d'amorcage des chargements explosifs
FR2561376A1 (fr) * 1982-05-05 1985-09-20 Saint Louis Inst Engin explosif a fragmentation
FR2575461A1 (fr) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-04 Aerojet General Co Composition explosive moulable peu sensible aux influences exterieures
FR2584066A1 (fr) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-02 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Utilisation du 5-oxo 3-nitro, 1,2,4-triazole comme substance explosive et compositions pyrotechniques contenant du 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113154960A (zh) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-23 西安近代化学研究所 一种通过重力变化引起竖向位移实现恒压力差下的等速装药壳体
CN113154960B (zh) * 2021-04-12 2022-08-19 西安近代化学研究所 一种通过重力变化引起竖向位移实现恒压力差下的等速装药壳体
CN115727721A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-03 西安近代化学研究所 一种硝酸酯火药长贮相容性的评价方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2069243T3 (es) 1995-05-01
NO913667D0 (no) 1991-09-18
DE69106994T2 (de) 1995-08-24
FR2667142A1 (fr) 1992-03-27
NO913667L (no) 1992-03-23
JPH04227499A (ja) 1992-08-17
DE69106994D1 (de) 1995-03-09
EP0477090B1 (de) 1995-01-25
NO301793B1 (no) 1997-12-08
FR2667142B1 (fr) 1994-08-26

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