EP0477090A1 - Ignition system for non-sensitive explosives - Google Patents

Ignition system for non-sensitive explosives Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0477090A1
EP0477090A1 EP91402474A EP91402474A EP0477090A1 EP 0477090 A1 EP0477090 A1 EP 0477090A1 EP 91402474 A EP91402474 A EP 91402474A EP 91402474 A EP91402474 A EP 91402474A EP 0477090 A1 EP0477090 A1 EP 0477090A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
composite
detonation
composite explosive
cap
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EP91402474A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0477090B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Bigot
Jean-Claude Derrien
Jacky Groux
Bruno Nouguez
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0803—Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0815—Intermediate ignition capsules, i.e. self-contained primary pyrotechnic module transmitting the initial firing signal to the secondary explosive, e.g. using electric, radio frequency, optical or percussion signals to the secondary explosive

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of ammunition with reduced risks. It relates to an element that is not very vulnerable to explosive ammunition consisting of a generally metallic envelope containing a load of insensitive composite explosive and a relay for initiating this load. It also relates to a process for detonating a load of insensitive composite explosive.
  • composite explosive is conventionally understood to mean an explosive composition with a plastic binder used by casting and then polymerization and consisting of a charged plastic binder containing at least one organic nitro explosive charge, for example hexogen, l octogen or 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole (ONTA).
  • organic nitro explosive charge for example hexogen, l octogen or 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole (ONTA).
  • Composite explosives in general and compared to wax explosives, tolite-based mixtures such as hexolites, pentolites and octolites, as well as plastic binder explosives used by compression, make it possible to reduce the vulnerability of ammunition to external aggressions such as fire, impact and penetration of fragments or bullets, detonation close to neighboring munitions.
  • the term "insensitive" composite explosive is understood to mean a composite explosive commonly qualified as “insensitive” by a person skilled in the art, having a level of insensitivity corresponding to a detonation capacity index (IAD). ) according to the detonation suitability behind barrier (Card Gap Test) less than 90 cards according to the test coded in diameter 40mm or less than 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the codified test in diameter 75mm .
  • IAD detonation capacity index
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • insensitive composite explosives generally have a high critical diameter which can exceed 10 cm and exhibit a fairly long transient detonation regime when they are initiated by conventional means of initiation. Such transitional regimes are unacceptable, particularly in the military field, for example for shaped charges. This transient problem cannot be remedied by using a conventional large starting relay since the ammunition element would then be too vulnerable because of the size and sensitivity of the relay.
  • a priming system generally consists of a detonator and one or more priming relays, and that if it is possible to easily disconnect, during the storage or transport of an explosive ammunition, the detonator and a small relay to reduce the vulnerability of this ammunition, this becomes an important constraint when the relay is large.
  • French patent FR 2 575 461 describes explosive compositions little sensitive to external influences, initiated by large conventional relays sensitive and vulnerable to the shock wave, for example pentolite.
  • SOULETIS and GROUX International Symposium on Pyrotechnics and Explosives, Beijing, China, 1987, described the use of a plane wave generator in explosive material to initiate composite explosives with polyurethane binder charged with pentrite or octogen, sensitive and vulnerable to the shock wave.
  • a "insensitive" composite explosive as defined above, could be initiated by a priming relay consisting of a generator of plane waves of well defined geometry, constitution and detonic characteristics, the explosive charge and relay assembly proving to be not very vulnerable to an external attack by shock wave under storage conditions while the components of the relay, taken in isolation, are relatively sensitive to this attack (suitability indices detonation of between 90 and 200 cards on the Card Gap Test).
  • the present invention relates to a new element of explosive ordnance.
  • This element consists of a preferably metallic envelope containing on the one hand a load of explosive composite "insensitive" E having an index of capacity for detonation, according to the Card Gap Test, less than 90 cards or less than 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate and on the other hand a starting relay for this load located in contact with it.
  • This contact can be more or less important depending on the relative position relay-load.
  • the relay can be located outside the load or be totally or partially embedded in the load.
  • the ignition relay is a plane wave generator consisting on the one hand of a cylindrical-conical cap made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity of this cap being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other part of a composite explosive enhancer C, preferably cylindrical and of the same diameter d as that of the large base surface of the cylindrical-conical cap, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap on the side of its large base surface up to loading, composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the Card Gap Test between 90 and 200 cards, or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than the diameter critical ⁇ cr of the composite explosive E constituting the explosive charge, the thickness e of the intensifier of the plane wave generator being greater than 0.1d, preferably between 0.1d and d, and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of the composite explosive E,
  • cylindrical-conical designates any approximately conical or frusto-conical shape, having two base surfaces of different diameter, possibly extending by a coaxial cylindrical part.
  • the critical diameter ⁇ cr of the composite explosive E is that measured without confinement, for example according to the method consisting in evaluating the largest diameter of an explosive cylinder below which a permanent detonation can no longer propagate. For this, a sample of explosive, consisting of a series of coaxial cylinders of decreasing diameters, is initiated in detonation at its largest end. The position of the detonation stop is recorded on a lead detonation lead plate, or using a probe. The length of each cylinder is 4 times that of the diameter.
  • the detonation pressure is conventionally understood to mean the pressure appearing on the front of the shock wave. This pressure is a constant for a given explosive. It is proportional to its density ( P ) and to the square of its detonation speed (V). It is approximately equal to 0.25 P V2. It can also be determined experimentally using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the composite explosive E is a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine and their mixtures , preferably 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole. It can also contain other explosive charges, for example hexogen and / or octogen, as well as powdered metal charges, for example aluminum, and / or oxidizing charges, for example perchlorate ammonium.
  • the polyurethane binder is plasticized with an energy plasticizer carrying at least one nitro or nitric ester group, for example nitroglycerin.
  • At least one of the composite explosives A, B and C consists of a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of l octogen, hexogen, pentrite and their mixtures.
  • the composite explosives A and C identical or different, consist of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with octogen and the composite explosive B consists of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with pentrite and minium .
  • the polyurethane plastic binder of the composite explosives A, B and C is identical or different, preferably identical, preferably obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of implementing detonation of a charge in composite explosive E having a detonation capacity index according to the Card Gap Test less than 90 cards or 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate, via a priming relay located in contact with the loading.
  • the ignition relay is a generator of plane waves consisting on the one hand of a cylindro-conical cap made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity of this cap being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other hand with a composite explosive enhancer C, preferably cylindrical and of diameter d, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap on the side of its large base surface until loading, composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the Card Gap Test of between 90 and 200 cards or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than critical diameter ⁇ cr of the composite explosive E, the thickness e of the enhancer of the plane wave generator being greater than 0.1 d and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of composite explosive E.
  • Figure 1 attached shows a schematic section of a slightly vulnerable element of explosive ordnance according to the invention, having an axial symmetry.
  • the element of explosive ammunition according to the invention consists of a metal casing 1 comprising a cylindrical part of steel with a thickness of 12.5 mm and an internal diameter of 90 mm, and a rear bottom 5 also in 12.5mm thick steel.
  • This envelope 1 contains a load 2 of composite explosive E1 having a detonation suitability index of 25 cards according to the Card Gap Test codified in diameter 40mm and 40mm of polymethyl methacrylate according to the Card Gap Test coded in diameter 75mm.
  • This E explos composite explosive consists of 16% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), 12% by weight of octogen and 72% by weight of ONTA. Its critical diameter ⁇ cr, without confinement, is between 65 and 70mm and its detonation pressure is 22 GPa.
  • IPDI isophoronediisocyanate
  • This load 2 has a length of 400mm and a diameter of 90mm. It is in contact with the rear bottom 5 of the casing 1.
  • This plane wave generator 3 has an axial symmetry the axis of which coincides with that of the envelope 1 and of the load 2. It consists of a cap 7 and a reinforcer 9.
  • a wedging disc 4 of plastic material, 3mm thick, 90mm in diameter, provided with a concentric circular opening with a diameter of 20mm, makes it possible to maintain the centering of the plane wave generator 3 in the casing 1.
  • This disc wedging may also be metallic or any other rigid material.
  • the cap 7 is made of A explos composite explosive consisting of 14% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, and 86% by weight of octogen.
  • This A explos composite explosive has a detonation capacity index of 150 Card Gap Test cards in 40mm diameter.
  • the cap 7 is approximately cylindrical-frustoconical, the generatrix of the truncated cone making an angle of 57 ° with the axis.
  • the end having the smallest diameter is extended by a coaxial cylindrical part of the same diameter 20mm, of thickness 3mm, fitting into the circular opening of the wedging disc 4.
  • the end having the largest diameter is extended by a coaxial cylindrical crown of the same diameter 76mm, of height 5mm approximately.
  • the cavity 8 of this cap 7 is filled with a composite explosive B1 consisting of 11.5% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, with 17% by weight of pentrite and 71.5% by weight of minimum.
  • This B1 composite explosive has a detonation capacity index of 190 Card Gap Test cards in 40mm diameter.
  • This intensifier 9 is a C explos composite explosive consisting of 14% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, and 86% by weight of octogen.
  • This C1 composite explosive has a detonation index of 150 Card Gap Test cards with a diameter of 40mm and a detonation pressure of 30 GPa.
  • the plane wave generator 3, of mass 390 g was produced according to conventional technology and well known to those skilled in the art in the field of molding multicomponent composite explosives.
  • the free space delimited by the surface 10 of the load 2, the generator of plane waves 3, the wedging disc 4 and the cylindrical part of the envelope 1 is occupied by an inert material, preferably damping, allowing, in association with the disc 4, the setting of the plane wave generator 3. It can also be occupied by an insensitive composite explosive, preferably that constituting the charge 2, which increases the density of the explosive munition element and makes it possible to remove the timing disc 4.
  • the loading 2 was carried out using a DAVEY BICKFORD SA4000 detonator and a small 4g ground relay placed in contact with the plane wave generator 3 at the level of the cylindrical part which fits into the circular opening of the setting disc 4.
  • This small relay is a composite explosive consisting of 16% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, 44% by weight of pentrite and 40% by weight of octogenous.
  • a nominal detonation speed of 7440 m / s was obtained with a low transient speed, less than 90 mm.
  • This stack consists of 3 superimposed rows of 3 elements, each element being separated from neighboring elements by a space of 25mm.
  • One of the 2 peripheral elements of the lower row was then primed, as according to the previous test.
  • the nominal detonation of this element did not cause the detonation of the other elements.
  • This non detonation by influence shows the low vulnerability of the explosive ordnance elements according to the invention, despite the presence, in these ammunition elements, of relatively sensitive composite explosives A1, B1 and C1 (detonation ability indices of 150 and 190 cards).
  • the explosive munition element is distinguished from that mentioned above according to the invention only by the fact that the composite explosive constituting the booster 9 of the plane wave generator 3 has a detonation pressure of 20 GPa, lower than that of the composite explosive E1 (22 GPa) constituting the load 2.
  • This comparative test 2 clearly shows the unexpected nature of the non detonation by influence of the explosive ordnance elements according to the invention, since they nevertheless contain the same composite explosive C1 as well as the composite explosives A1 and B1 with a sensitivity equal to or greater than that of C1, in significant quantity (390g in total).

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is an element which is invulnerable to explosive ammunition. It consists of an envelope 1, preferably metallic, containing a charge 2 of a non-sensitive composite explosive E and, as an ignition relay, a plane-wave generator 3. This generator consists of, on the one hand, a cylindrical-conical cap 7 made of a composite explosive A, the large base area having a diameter d greater than the critical diameter of the explosive E and the hollow 8 of this cap 7 being filled with a composite explosive B and, on the other hand, of a booster made of a composite explosive C with a thickness e greater than 0.1d, the detonation pressure of the explosive C being higher than that of the explosive E. The detonation sensitivity index according to the sensitivity test with detonation behind a barrier lies between 90 and 200 cards for the explosives A, B and C and below 90 cards for the explosive E. The invention also relates to the process for the ignition of the charge 2 by the generator 3. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se situe dans le domaine des munitions à risques atténués. Elle est relative à un élément peu vulnérable de munition explosive constitué d'une enveloppe en général métallique contenant un chargement en explosif composite peu sensible et un relais d'amorçage de ce chargement. Elle est également relative à un procédé de mise en détonation d'un chargement en explosif composite peu sensible.The present invention is in the field of ammunition with reduced risks. It relates to an element that is not very vulnerable to explosive ammunition consisting of a generally metallic envelope containing a load of insensitive composite explosive and a relay for initiating this load. It also relates to a process for detonating a load of insensitive composite explosive.

On entend, de façon classique, par explosif composite, une composition explosive à liant plastique mise en oeuvre par coulée puis polymérisation et constituée d'un liant plastique chargé contenant au moins une charge explosive nitrée organique, par exemple de l'hexogène, de l'octogène ou du 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole (ONTA).The term “composite explosive” is conventionally understood to mean an explosive composition with a plastic binder used by casting and then polymerization and consisting of a charged plastic binder containing at least one organic nitro explosive charge, for example hexogen, l octogen or 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole (ONTA).

Les explosifs composites et la façon de les obtenir sont par exemple décrits par J. QUINCHON, les poudres, propergols et explosifs, tome 1 : les explosifs, Technique et Documentation, 1982, pages 190-192, ainsi que dans FR 2. 584 066.Composite explosives and how to obtain them are for example described by J. QUINCHON, powders, propellants and explosives, volume 1: explosives, Technique et Documentation, 1982, pages 190-192, as well as in FR 2,584,066 .

Les explosifs composites, d'une manière générale et comparativement aux explosifs-cires, aux mélanges à base de tolite tels que les hexolites, les pentolites et les octolites, ainsi qu'aux explosifs à liant plastique mis en oeuvre par compression, permettent de diminuer la vulnérabilité des munitions vis-à-vis des agressions extérieures telles que l'incendie, l'impact et la pénétration de fragments ou balles, la détonation proche de munitions voisines.Composite explosives, in general and compared to wax explosives, tolite-based mixtures such as hexolites, pentolites and octolites, as well as plastic binder explosives used by compression, make it possible to reduce the vulnerability of ammunition to external aggressions such as fire, impact and penetration of fragments or bullets, detonation close to neighboring munitions.

Si les problèmes liés à l'incendie et aux fragments peuvent être résolus pratiquement à l'aide des explosifs composites classiques, le problème de la détonation par influence n'a pu être que partiellement résolu par l'utilisation d'explosifs composites particulièrement peu sensibles tels que ceux chargés par exemple en ONTA, triaminotrinitrobenzène (TATB) ou nitroguanidine.If the problems linked to the fire and the fragments can be solved practically with the help of conventional composite explosives, the problem of detonation by influence could only be partially solved by the use of particularly insensitive composite explosives. such as those loaded for example with ONTA, triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) or nitroguanidine.

On entend, dans la présente invention, par explosif composite "peu sensible" un explosif composite qualifié couramment d'"insensible" par l'homme du métier, ayant un niveau d'insensibilité correspondant à un indice d'aptitude à la détonation (IAD) selon le test d'aptitude à la détonation derrière barrière (Card Gap Test) inférieur à 90 cartes d'après le test codifié en diamètre 40mm ou inférieur à 70mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle (PMMA) d'après le test codifié en diamètre 75mm. Ces 2 tests codifiés du Card Gap Test sont bien connus de l'homme du métier. Ils sont notamment décrits dans la publication "Recommandations pour le transport des matières dangereuses. 2ème édition. ST/SG/AC 10/11 Rev. 1. Publications de l'ONU. New York, 1990". Par ailleurs J. QUINCHON, dans son ouvrage précité, décrit pages 227 à 229 le test en diamètre 40mm.In the present invention, the term "insensitive" composite explosive is understood to mean a composite explosive commonly qualified as "insensitive" by a person skilled in the art, having a level of insensitivity corresponding to a detonation capacity index (IAD). ) according to the detonation suitability behind barrier (Card Gap Test) less than 90 cards according to the test coded in diameter 40mm or less than 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) according to the codified test in diameter 75mm . These 2 coded tests of the Card Gap Test are well known to those skilled in the art. They are described in particular in the publication "Recommendations for the transport of dangerous goods. 2nd edition. ST / SG / AC 10/11 Rev. 1. United Nations publications. New York, 1990". Besides, J. QUINCHON, in his aforementioned work, describes pages 227 to 229 the 40mm diameter test.

Le problème de la détonation par influence n'a pu être que partiellement résolu dans la mesure où la vulnérabilité de l'élément de munition explosive est alors dépendante de celle du relais d'amorçage. En effet, les explosifs composites peu sensibles ont en général un diamètre critique élevé pouvant dépasser 10cm et présentent un régime transitoire de détonation assez long lorsqu'ils sont initiés par les moyens classiques d'amorçage. De tels régimes transitoires sont inacceptables, notamment dans le domaine militaire, par exemple pour les charges creuses. On ne peut remédier à ce problème de régime transitoire en utilisant un relais classique d'amorçage de grande taille car l'élément de munition serait alors trop vulnérable à cause de la taille et de la sensibilité du relais. A ce sujet, il faut par ailleurs rappeler, pour mieux comprendre le problème qui se pose et que résoud l'invention, qu'un système d'amorçage est en général constitué d'un détonateur et de un ou plusieurs relais d'amorçage, et que s'il est possible de facilement déconnecter, lors du stockage ou du transport d'une munition explosive, le détonateur et un relais de petite taille pour diminuer la vulnérabilité de cette munition, cela devient une contrainte importante lorsque le relais est de grande taille.The problem of detonation by influence could only be partially solved insofar as the vulnerability of the explosive ordnance element is then dependent on that of the ignition relay. In fact, insensitive composite explosives generally have a high critical diameter which can exceed 10 cm and exhibit a fairly long transient detonation regime when they are initiated by conventional means of initiation. Such transitional regimes are unacceptable, particularly in the military field, for example for shaped charges. This transient problem cannot be remedied by using a conventional large starting relay since the ammunition element would then be too vulnerable because of the size and sensitivity of the relay. In this regard, it is also necessary to recall, in order to better understand the problem which arises and which the invention solves, that a priming system generally consists of a detonator and one or more priming relays, and that if it is possible to easily disconnect, during the storage or transport of an explosive ammunition, the detonator and a small relay to reduce the vulnerability of this ammunition, this becomes an important constraint when the relay is large.

Pour illustrer l'état de la technique précité, le brevet français FR 2 575 461 décrit des compositions explosives peu sensibles aux influences extérieures, initiées par des relais classiques de grande taille sensibles et vulnérables à l'onde de choc, par exemple en pentolite.
Par ailleurs, SOULETIS et GROUX, International Symposium on Pyrotechnics and Explosives, Beijing, China, 1987, ont décrit l'utilisation d'un générateur d'ondes planes en matière explosive pour initier des explosifs composites à liant polyuréthanne chargé en pentrite ou octogène, sensibles et vulnérables à l'onde de choc.To illustrate the aforementioned state of the art, French patent FR 2 575 461 describes explosive compositions little sensitive to external influences, initiated by large conventional relays sensitive and vulnerable to the shock wave, for example pentolite.
In addition, SOULETIS and GROUX, International Symposium on Pyrotechnics and Explosives, Beijing, China, 1987, described the use of a plane wave generator in explosive material to initiate composite explosives with polyurethane binder charged with pentrite or octogen, sensitive and vulnerable to the shock wave.

La Demanderesse a découvert que, de façon inattendue, on pouvait initier un explosif composite "insensible", selon la définition précitée, par un relais d'amorçage constitué d'un générateur d'ondes planes de géométrie, constitution et caractéristiques détoniques bien définies, l'ensemble chargement explosif et relais se révélant peu vulnérable vis à vis d'une agression extérieure par onde de choc dans les conditions de stockage alors que les constituants du relais, pris isolément, sont relativement sensibles à cette agression (indices d'aptitude à la détonation compris entre 90 et 200 cartes au Card Gap Test).The Applicant has discovered that, unexpectedly, a "insensitive" composite explosive, as defined above, could be initiated by a priming relay consisting of a generator of plane waves of well defined geometry, constitution and detonic characteristics, the explosive charge and relay assembly proving to be not very vulnerable to an external attack by shock wave under storage conditions while the components of the relay, taken in isolation, are relatively sensitive to this attack (suitability indices detonation of between 90 and 200 cards on the Card Gap Test).

La présente invention a pour objet un nouvel élément de munition explosive. Cet élément est constitué d'une enveloppe de préférence métallique contenant d'une part un chargement en explosif composite E "insensible" ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation, selon le Card Gap Test, inférieur à 90 cartes ou inférieur à 70mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle et d'autre part un relais d'amorçage de ce chargement situé en contact avec celui-ci. Ce contact peut être plus ou moins important selon la position relative relais-chargement. Le relais peut être situé à l'extérieur du chargement ou être totalement ou partiellement noyé dans le chargement.
L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le relais d'amorçage est un générateur d'ondes planes constitué d'une part d'une calotte cylindro-cônique en explosif composite A, la grande surface de base ayant un diamètre d, la cavité de cette calotte étant remplie d'un explosif composite B, et d'autre part d'un renforcateur en explosif composite C, de préférence cylindrique et de même diamètre d que celui de la grande surface de base de la calotte cylindro-cônique, d'épaisseur e, prolongeant coaxialement la calotte du coté de sa grande surface de base jusqu'au chargement, les explosifs composites A, B et C ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le Card Gap Test compris entre 90 et 200 cartes, ou compris entre 70mm et 110mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, d étant supérieur au diamètre critique ⌀cr de l'explosif composite E constituant le chargement explosif, l'épaisseur e du renforçateur du générateur d'ondes planes étant supérieure à 0,1d, de préférence comprise entre 0,1d et d, et la pression Pc de détonation de l'explosif composite C étant supérieure à la pression PE de détonation de l'explosif composite E, de préférence comprise entre 1,2 PE et 2 PE.The present invention relates to a new element of explosive ordnance. This element consists of a preferably metallic envelope containing on the one hand a load of explosive composite "insensitive" E having an index of capacity for detonation, according to the Card Gap Test, less than 90 cards or less than 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate and on the other hand a starting relay for this load located in contact with it. This contact can be more or less important depending on the relative position relay-load. The relay can be located outside the load or be totally or partially embedded in the load.
The invention is characterized in that the ignition relay is a plane wave generator consisting on the one hand of a cylindrical-conical cap made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity of this cap being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other part of a composite explosive enhancer C, preferably cylindrical and of the same diameter d as that of the large base surface of the cylindrical-conical cap, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap on the side of its large base surface up to loading, composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the Card Gap Test between 90 and 200 cards, or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than the diameter critical ⌀cr of the composite explosive E constituting the explosive charge, the thickness e of the intensifier of the plane wave generator being greater than 0.1d, preferably between 0.1d and d, and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of the composite explosive E, preferably between 1.2 P E and 2 P E.

Selon l'invention, le terme "cylindro-cônique" désigne toute forme approximativement cônique ou troncônique, ayant deux surfaces de base de diamètre différent, se prolongeant éventuellement par une partie cylindrique coaxiale.According to the invention, the term "cylindro-conical" designates any approximately conical or frusto-conical shape, having two base surfaces of different diameter, possibly extending by a coaxial cylindrical part.

Le diamètre critique ⌀cr de l'explosif composite E est celui mesuré sans confinement, par exemple selon la méthode consistant à évaluer le plus grand diamètre d'un cylindre d'explosif au dessous duquel une détonation permanente ne peut plus se propager. Pour cela, un échantillon d'explosif, constitué d'une suite de cylindres coaxiaux de diamètres décroissants, est initié en détonation à sa plus grande extrémité. La position de l'arrêt de détonation est relevée sur une plaque de plomb témoin de détonation, ou à l'aide d'une sonde. La longueur de chaque cylindre est égale à 4 fois celle du diamètre.The critical diameter ⌀cr of the composite explosive E is that measured without confinement, for example according to the method consisting in evaluating the largest diameter of an explosive cylinder below which a permanent detonation can no longer propagate. For this, a sample of explosive, consisting of a series of coaxial cylinders of decreasing diameters, is initiated in detonation at its largest end. The position of the detonation stop is recorded on a lead detonation lead plate, or using a probe. The length of each cylinder is 4 times that of the diameter.

On entend classiquement par pression de détonation la pression apparaissant sur le front de l'onde de choc. Cette pression est une constante pour un explosif donné. Elle est proportionnelle à sa masse volumique (P) et au carré de sa vitesse de détonation (V). Elle est approximativement égale à 0,25 P V². On peut également la déterminer de façon expérimentale selon des méthodes bien connues de l'homme du métier.
De façon préférée, l'explosif composite E est un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé contenant au moins une charge explosive choisie dans le groupe constitué par le 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, le triaminotrinitrobenzène, la nitroguanidine et leurs mélanges, de préférence le 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole. Il peut également contenir d'autres charges explosives, par exemple de l'hexogène et/ou de l'octogène, ainsi que des charges métalliques en poudre, par exemple de l'aluminium, et/ou des charges oxydantes, par exemple le perchlorate d'ammonium.The detonation pressure is conventionally understood to mean the pressure appearing on the front of the shock wave. This pressure is a constant for a given explosive. It is proportional to its density ( P ) and to the square of its detonation speed (V). It is approximately equal to 0.25 P V². It can also be determined experimentally using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
Preferably, the composite explosive E is a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine and their mixtures , preferably 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole. It can also contain other explosive charges, for example hexogen and / or octogen, as well as powdered metal charges, for example aluminum, and / or oxidizing charges, for example perchlorate ammonium.

Selon une variante, le liant polyuréthanne est plastifié par un plastifiant énergétique porteur d'au moins un groupement nitro ou ester nitrique, par exemple la nitroglycérine.According to a variant, the polyurethane binder is plasticized with an energy plasticizer carrying at least one nitro or nitric ester group, for example nitroglycerin.

Selon une autre variante de l'invention l'un au moins des explosifs composites A, B et C, de préférence tous les trois, est constitué d'un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé contenant au moins une charge explosive choisie dans le groupe constitué par l'octogène, l'hexogène, la pentrite et leurs mélanges. Selon cette variante, de façon préférée, les explosifs composites A et C, identiques ou différents, sont constitués d'un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé en octogène et l'explosif composite B est constitué d'un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé en pentrite et en minium. Le liant plastique polyuréthanne des explosifs composites A,B et C est identique ou différent, de préférence identique, de préférence obtenu par réaction d'un polyéther à terminaisons hydroxyles avec un polyisocyanate.According to another variant of the invention at least one of the composite explosives A, B and C, preferably all three, consists of a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of l octogen, hexogen, pentrite and their mixtures. According to this variant, preferably, the composite explosives A and C, identical or different, consist of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with octogen and the composite explosive B consists of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with pentrite and minium . The polyurethane plastic binder of the composite explosives A, B and C is identical or different, preferably identical, preferably obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de mise en détonation d'un chargement en explosif composite E ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le Card Gap Test inférieur à 90 cartes ou à 70mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, par l'intermédiaire d'un relais d'amorçage situé en contact avec le chargement. Le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le relais d'amorçage est un générateur d'ondes planes constitué d'une part d'une calotte cylindro-cônique en explosif composite A, la grande surface de base ayant un diamètre d, la cavité de cette calotte étant remplie d'un explosif composite B, et d'autre part d'un renforçateur en explosif composite C, de préférence cylindrique et de diamètre d, d'épaisseur e, prolongeant coaxialement la calotte du côté de sa grande surface de base jusqu'au chargement, les explosifs composites A, B et C ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le Card Gap Test compris entre 90 et 200 cartes ou entre 70mm et 110mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, d étant supérieur au diamètre critique ⌀cr de l'explosif composite E, l'épaisseur e du renforçateur du générateur d'ondes planes étant supérieure à 0, 1d et la pression Pc de détonation de l'explosif composite C étant supérieure à la pression PE de détonation de l'explosif composite E.The present invention also relates to a method of implementing detonation of a charge in composite explosive E having a detonation capacity index according to the Card Gap Test less than 90 cards or 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate, via a priming relay located in contact with the loading. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the ignition relay is a generator of plane waves consisting on the one hand of a cylindro-conical cap made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity of this cap being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other hand with a composite explosive enhancer C, preferably cylindrical and of diameter d, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap on the side of its large base surface until loading, composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the Card Gap Test of between 90 and 200 cards or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than critical diameter ⌀cr of the composite explosive E, the thickness e of the enhancer of the plane wave generator being greater than 0.1 d and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of composite explosive E.

La figure 1 jointe représente une coupe schématique d'un élément peu vulnérable de munition explosive selon l'invention, ayant une symétrie axiale.Figure 1 attached shows a schematic section of a slightly vulnerable element of explosive ordnance according to the invention, having an axial symmetry.

Dans la réalisation schématisée selon la figure 1, l'élément de munition explosive selon l'invention est constitué d'une enveloppe métallique 1 comportant une partie cylindrique en acier d'épaisseur 12,5mm et de diamètre intérieur 90mm, et un fond arrière 5 également en acier d'épaisseur 12,5mm. Cette enveloppe 1 renferme un chargement 2 en explosif composite E₁ ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation de 25 cartes selon le Card Gap Test codifié en diamètre 40mm et de 40mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle selon le Card Gap Test codifié en diamètre 75mm. Cet explosif composite E₁ est constitué de 16% en poids d'un liant polyuréthanne obtenu par réaction d'un polybutadiène à terminaisons hydroxyles avec l'isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), de 12% en poids d'octogène et de 72% en poids d'ONTA. Son diamètre critique ⌀cr, sans confinement, est compris entre 65 et 70mm et sa pression de détonation est de 22 GPa.In the embodiment shown diagrammatically according to FIG. 1, the element of explosive ammunition according to the invention consists of a metal casing 1 comprising a cylindrical part of steel with a thickness of 12.5 mm and an internal diameter of 90 mm, and a rear bottom 5 also in 12.5mm thick steel. This envelope 1 contains a load 2 of composite explosive E₁ having a detonation suitability index of 25 cards according to the Card Gap Test codified in diameter 40mm and 40mm of polymethyl methacrylate according to the Card Gap Test coded in diameter 75mm. This E explos composite explosive consists of 16% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), 12% by weight of octogen and 72% by weight of ONTA. Its critical diameter ⌀cr, without confinement, is between 65 and 70mm and its detonation pressure is 22 GPa.

Ce chargement 2 a une longueur de 400mm et un diamètre de 90mm. Il est en contact avec le fond arrière 5 de l'enveloppe 1.This load 2 has a length of 400mm and a diameter of 90mm. It is in contact with the rear bottom 5 of the casing 1.

A la surface 10 du chargement 2 ne se trouvant pas en contact avec l'enveloppe 1, se trouve, en contact avec la surface 10, un générateur d'ondes planes 3 jouant le rôle de relais d'amorçage du chargement 2.
Ce générateur d'ondes planes 3 possède une symétrie axiale dont l'axe coïncide avec celui de l'enveloppe 1 et du chargement 2. Il est constitué d'une calotte 7 et d'un renforçateur 9.At the surface 10 of the load 2 not being in contact with the casing 1, there is, in contact with the surface 10, a generator of plane waves 3 playing the role of starting relay for the load 2.
This plane wave generator 3 has an axial symmetry the axis of which coincides with that of the envelope 1 and of the load 2. It consists of a cap 7 and a reinforcer 9.

Un disque de calage 4, en matière plastique, d'épaisseur 3mm, de diamètre 90mm, muni d'une ouverture circulaire concentrique de diamètre 20mm, permet de maintenir le centrage du générateur d'ondes planes 3 dans l'enveloppe 1. Ce disque de calage peut aussi être métallique ou en toute autre matière rigide.A wedging disc 4, of plastic material, 3mm thick, 90mm in diameter, provided with a concentric circular opening with a diameter of 20mm, makes it possible to maintain the centering of the plane wave generator 3 in the casing 1. This disc wedging may also be metallic or any other rigid material.

La calotte 7 est en explosif composite A₁ constitué de 14% en poids d'un liant polyuréthanne obtenu par réaction d'un polyéther à terminaisons hydroxyles avec l'isophoronediisocyanate, et de 86% en poids d'octogène. Cet explosif composite A₁ a un indice d'aptitude à la détonation de 150 cartes au Card Gap Test en diamètre 40mm. La calotte 7 est approximativement cylindro-troncônique, la génératrice du tronc de cône faisant un angle de 57° avec l'axe. Le diamètre de la grande surface de base est d=76mm et celui de la petite surface de base 20mm. Son épaisseur est de 7mm environ. L'extrémité ayant le plus petit diamètre se prolonge par une partie cylindrique coaxiale de même diamètre 20mm, d'épaisseur 3mm, s'emboitant dans l'ouverture circulaire du disque de calage 4. l'extrémité ayant le plus grand diamètre se prolonge par une couronne cylindrique coaxiale de même diamètre 76mm, de hauteur 5mm environ.The cap 7 is made of A explos composite explosive consisting of 14% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, and 86% by weight of octogen. This A explos composite explosive has a detonation capacity index of 150 Card Gap Test cards in 40mm diameter. The cap 7 is approximately cylindrical-frustoconical, the generatrix of the truncated cone making an angle of 57 ° with the axis. The diameter of the large base surface is d = 76mm and that of the small base surface 20mm. Its thickness is approximately 7mm. The end having the smallest diameter is extended by a coaxial cylindrical part of the same diameter 20mm, of thickness 3mm, fitting into the circular opening of the wedging disc 4. the end having the largest diameter is extended by a coaxial cylindrical crown of the same diameter 76mm, of height 5mm approximately.

La cavité 8 de cette calotte 7 est remplie d'un explosif composite B₁ constitué de 11,5% en poids d'un liant polyuréthanne obtenu par réaction d'un polyéther à terminaisons hydroxyles avec l'isophoronediisocyanate, de 17% en poids de pentrite et de 71,5% en poids de minium. Cet explosif composite B₁ a un indice d'aptitude à la détonation de 190 cartes au Card Gap Test en diamètre 40mm.The cavity 8 of this cap 7 is filled with a composite explosive B₁ consisting of 11.5% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, with 17% by weight of pentrite and 71.5% by weight of minimum. This B₁ composite explosive has a detonation capacity index of 190 Card Gap Test cards in 40mm diameter.

Le renforçateur 9 est un cylindre de diamètre d=76mm prolongeant coaxialement la calotte 7 du côté de sa grande surface de base jusqu'à la surface 10 du chargement 2. Son épaisseur e est de 30mm. Ce renforçateur 9 est un explosif composite C₁ constitué de 14% en poids d'un liant polyuréthanne obtenu par réaction d'un polyéther à terminaisons hydroxyles avec l'isophoronediisocyanate, et de 86% en poids d'octogène. Cet explosif composite C₁ a un indice d'aptitude à la détonation de 150 cartes au Card Gap Test en diamètre 40mm et une pression de détonation de 30 GPa.The reinforcer 9 is a cylinder with a diameter d = 76mm coaxially extending the cap 7 from the side of its large base surface to the surface 10 of the load 2. Its thickness e is 30mm. This intensifier 9 is a C explos composite explosive consisting of 14% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, and 86% by weight of octogen. This C₁ composite explosive has a detonation index of 150 Card Gap Test cards with a diameter of 40mm and a detonation pressure of 30 GPa.

Le générateur d'ondes planes 3, de masse 390g, a été réalisé selon la technologie classique et bien connue de l'homme du métier dans le domaine du moulage des explosifs composites multicompositions.The plane wave generator 3, of mass 390 g, was produced according to conventional technology and well known to those skilled in the art in the field of molding multicomponent composite explosives.

L'espace libre délimité par la surface 10 du chargement 2, le générateur d'ondes planes 3, le disque de calage 4 et la partie cylindrique de l'enveloppe 1 est occupé par un matériau inerte, de préférence amortissant, permettant, en association avec le disque 4, le calage du générateur d'ondes planes 3. Il peut également être occupé par un explosif composite insensible, de préférence celui constituant le chargement 2, ce qui augmente la puissance volumique de l'élément de munition explosive et permet de supprimer le disque de calage 4.The free space delimited by the surface 10 of the load 2, the generator of plane waves 3, the wedging disc 4 and the cylindrical part of the envelope 1 is occupied by an inert material, preferably damping, allowing, in association with the disc 4, the setting of the plane wave generator 3. It can also be occupied by an insensitive composite explosive, preferably that constituting the charge 2, which increases the density of the explosive munition element and makes it possible to remove the timing disc 4.

On a réalisé l'amorçage du chargement 2 à l'aide d'un détonateur DAVEY BICKFORD SA4000 et d'un petit relais de masse 4g placé en contact avec le générateur d'ondes planes 3 au niveau de la partie cylindrlque s'emboitant dans l'ouverture circulaire du disque de calage 4. Ce petit relais est un explosif composite constitué de 16% en poids d'un liant polyuréthanne obtenu par réaction d'un polyéther à terminaisons hydroxyles avec l'isophoronediisocyanate, de 44% en poids de pentrite et de 40% en poids d'octogène. On pourrait également utiliser un petit relais de 4g en hexocire.The loading 2 was carried out using a DAVEY BICKFORD SA4000 detonator and a small 4g ground relay placed in contact with the plane wave generator 3 at the level of the cylindrical part which fits into the circular opening of the setting disc 4. This small relay is a composite explosive consisting of 16% by weight of a polyurethane binder obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with isophoronediisocyanate, 44% by weight of pentrite and 40% by weight of octogenous. We could also use a small 4g relay in hexocire.

On a obtenu un régime de détonation nominale de célérité 7440 m/s avec un régime transitoire faible, inférieur à 90mm.A nominal detonation speed of 7440 m / s was obtained with a low transient speed, less than 90 mm.

On a également réalisé un empilement de 9 éléments de munition explosive, identiques à celui précité. Cet empilement est constitué de 3 rangées superposées de 3 éléments, chaque élément étant séparé des éléments voisins par un espace de 25mm. On a ensuite amorcé un des 2 éléments périphériques de la rangée inférieure, comme selon l'essai précédent. La détonation nominale de cet élément n'a pas entrainé la détonation des autres éléments. Cette non détonation par influence montre la faible vulnérabilité des éléments de munition explosive selon l'invention, malgré la présence, dans ces éléments de munition, d'explosifs composites A₁, B₁ et C₁ relativement sensibles (indices d'aptitude à la détonation de 150 et 190 cartes).A stack of 9 elements of explosive ammunition, identical to that mentioned above, was also produced. This stack consists of 3 superimposed rows of 3 elements, each element being separated from neighboring elements by a space of 25mm. One of the 2 peripheral elements of the lower row was then primed, as according to the previous test. The nominal detonation of this element did not cause the detonation of the other elements. This non detonation by influence shows the low vulnerability of the explosive ordnance elements according to the invention, despite the presence, in these ammunition elements, of relatively sensitive composite explosives A₁, B₁ and C₁ (detonation ability indices of 150 and 190 cards).

Afin de mieux mettre en évidence l'intérêt et les avantages des éléments de munition selon l'invention, on a réalisé les 2 essais comparatifs suivants qui n'entrent pas dans le cadre de la présente invention.In order to better highlight the interest and the advantages of the munitions elements according to the invention, the following 2 comparative tests were carried out which are not within the scope of the present invention.

Selon l'essai comparatif 1, l'élément de munition explosive ne se distingue de celui précité selon l'invention que par le fait que l'explosif composite constituant le renforçateur 9 du générateur d'ondes planes 3 a une pression de détonation de 20 GPa, inférieure à celle de l'explosif composite E₁ (22 GPa) constituant le chargement 2.According to comparative test 1, the explosive munition element is distinguished from that mentioned above according to the invention only by the fact that the composite explosive constituting the booster 9 of the plane wave generator 3 has a detonation pressure of 20 GPa, lower than that of the composite explosive E₁ (22 GPa) constituting the load 2.

Dans ces conditions on n'a pas obtenu l'amorçage nominal désiré du chargement 2 (7440 m/s), mais une vitesse moyenne de détonation de 5000m/s correspondant à un régime transitoire sur toute la longueur du chargement.Under these conditions, the desired nominal ignition of loading 2 (7440 m / s) was not obtained, but an average detonation speed of 5000m / s corresponding to a transient regime over the entire length of the load.

Selon l'essai comparatif 2, on a réalisé 9 éléments de munition explosive ne se différenciant des éléments précités selon l'invention que par le fait que l'explosif composite constituant le chargement est l'explosif composite C₁ constituant le renforçateur 9 du générateur d'ondes planes 3, puis le même essai de tir en pile que celui précédement décrit. On observe dans ce cas une détonation par influence de la pile complète.According to comparative test 2, 9 elements of explosive ammunition were produced, differing from the aforementioned elements according to the invention only in that the composite explosive constituting the charge is the composite explosive C₁ constituting the booster 9 of the generator d 'plane waves 3, then the same battery firing test as that previously described. In this case, detonation by influence of the complete cell is observed.

Cet essai comparatif 2 montre bien le caractère inattendu de la non détonation par influence des éléments de munition explosive selon l'invention, puisque ceux-ci contiennent pourtant le même explosif composite C₁ ainsi que les explosifs composites A₁ et B₁ de sensibilité égale ou supérieure à celle de C₁, en quantité importante (390g au total).This comparative test 2 clearly shows the unexpected nature of the non detonation by influence of the explosive ordnance elements according to the invention, since they nevertheless contain the same composite explosive C₁ as well as the composite explosives A₁ and B₁ with a sensitivity equal to or greater than that of C₁, in significant quantity (390g in total).

Claims (8)

Elément de munition explosive constitué d'une enveloppe de préférence métallique (1) contenant un chargement (2) en explosif composite E ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le test d'aptitude à la détonation derrière barrière (Card Gap Test) inférieur à 90 cartes ou à 70mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle et un relais d'amorçage de ce chargement (2), caractérisé en ce que le relais d'amorçage est un générateur d'ondes planes (3) constitué d'une part d'une calotte (7) cylindro-cônique en explosif composite A, la grande surface de base ayant un diamètre d, la cavité (8) de cette calotte (7) étant remplie d'un explosif composite B, et d'autre part d'un renforçateur (9) en explosif composite C, d'épaisseur e, prolongeant coaxialement la calotte (7) du côté de sa grande surface de base jusqu'au chargement (2), les explosifs A, B et C ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le test d'aptitude à la détonation derrière barrière compris entre 90 et 200 cartes ou entre 70mm et 110mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, d étant supérieur au diamètre critique de l'explosif composite E, l'épaisseur e du renforçateur (9) du générateur d'ondes planes (3) étant supérieure à 0,1d et la pression Pc de détonation de l'explosif composite C étant supérieure à la pression PE de détonation de l'explosif composite E.Explosive ordnance element consisting of a preferably metallic envelope (1) containing a load (2) of composite explosive E having a detonation capacity index according to the detonation capacity test behind the barrier (Card Gap Test) less than 90 cards or 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate and a priming relay for this load (2), characterized in that the priming relay is a generator of plane waves (3) consisting on the one hand of a cylindrical-conical cap (7) made of composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity (8) of this cap (7) being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other hand of a reinforcer (9) in composite explosive C, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap (7) on the side of its large base surface until loading (2), the explosives A, B and C having an index of detonation ability according to the detonation ability test behind barrier included e between 90 and 200 cards or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than the critical diameter of the composite explosive E, the thickness e of the intensifier (9) of the plane wave generator (3) being greater than 0 , 1d and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the detonation pressure P E of the composite explosive E. Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'explosif composite E est un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé contenant au moins une charge explosive choisie dans le groupe constitué par le 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, le triaminotrinitrobenzène, la nitroguanidine et leurs mélanges, de préférence le 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole.Explosive ordnance element according to claim 1 characterized in that the composite explosive E is a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one explosive charge chosen from the group consisting of 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole, triaminotrinitrobenzene, nitroguanidine and their mixtures, preferably 5-oxo 3-nitro 1,2,4-triazole. Elément de munition explosive selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur e du renforçateur (9) est comprise entre 0,1d et d.Explosive ordnance element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness e of the intensifier (9) is between 0.1d and d. Elément de munition explosive selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la pression Pc est comprise entre 1,2 PE et 2 PE.Explosive ordnance element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure Pc is between 1.2 P E and 2 P E. Elément de munition explosive selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'un au moins des explosifs composites A, B et C, de préférence tous les trois, est constitué d'un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé contenant au moins une charge explosive choisie dans le groupe constitué par l'octogène, l'hexogène, la pentrite et leurs mélanges.Explosive ordnance element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the composite explosives A, B and C, preferably all three, consists of a charged polyurethane plastic binder containing at least one charge explosive chosen from the group consisting of octogen, hexogen, pentrite and their mixtures. Elément de munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les explosifs composites A et C, identiques ou différents, sont constitués d'un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé en octogène et en ce que l'explosif composite B est constitué d'un liant plastique polyuréthanne chargé en pentrite et en minium.Ammunition element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the identical or different composite explosives A and C consist of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with octogen and in that the composite explosive B consists of a polyurethane plastic binder loaded with pentrite and minium. Elément de munition selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que le liant plastique polyuréthanne des explosifs composites A, B et C est identique et est de préférence obtenu par réaction d'un polyéther à terminaisons hydroxyles avec un polyisocyanate.Ammunition element according to claim 6 characterized in that the polyurethane plastic binder of the composite explosives A, B and C is identical and is preferably obtained by reaction of a polyether with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate. Procédé de mise en détonation d'un chargement (2) en explosif composite E ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le test d'aptitude à la détonation derrière barrière inférieur à 90 cartes ou à 70mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle par l'intermédiaire d'un relais d'amorçage situé en contact avec le chargement (2) caractérisé en ce que le relais d'amorçage est un générateur d'ondes planes (3) constitué d'une part d'une calotte (7) cylindro-cônique en explosif composite A, la grande surface de base ayant un diamètre d, la cavité (8) de cette calotte (7) étant remplie d'un explosif composite B, et d'autre part d'un renforçateur (9) en explosif composite C, d'épaisseur e, prolongeant coaxialement la calotte (7) du côté de sa grande surface de base jusqu'au chargement (2), les explosifs composites A, B et C ayant un indice d'aptitude à la détonation selon le test d'aptitude à la détonation derrière barrière compris entre 90 et 200 cartes ou entre 70mm et 110mm de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, d étant supérieur au diamètre critique de l'explosif composite E, l'épaisseur e du renforçateur (9) du générateur d'ondes planes (3) étant supérieure à 0,1d et la pression Pc de détonation de l'explosif composite C étant supérieure à la pression PE de détonation de l'explosif composite E.Method for detonating a load (2) of composite explosive E having a detonation suitability index according to the detonation suitability behind barrier test of less than 90 cards or 70mm of polymethyl methacrylate by the intermediate of a priming relay located in contact with the load (2) characterized in that the priming relay is a generator of plane waves (3) consisting on the one hand of a cylindrical cap (7) conical in composite explosive A, the large base surface having a diameter d, the cavity (8) of this cap (7) being filled with a composite explosive B, and on the other hand with a booster (9) in explosive composite C, of thickness e, coaxially extending the cap (7) on the side of its large base surface until loading (2), composite explosives A, B and C having a detonation suitability index according to the detonation suitability test behind barrier between 90 and 200 cards or between 70mm and 110mm of polymethyl methacrylate, d being greater than the critical diameter of the composite explosive E, the thickness e of the booster (9) of the plane wave generator (3) being greater than 0.1d and the detonation pressure Pc of the composite explosive C being greater than the pressure P E detonation of the composite explosive E.
EP91402474A 1990-09-20 1991-09-18 Ignition system for non-sensitive explosives Expired - Lifetime EP0477090B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9011596A FR2667142B1 (en) 1990-09-20 1990-09-20 LITTLE VULNERABLE ELEMENT WITH EXPLOSIVE AMMUNITION AND METHOD OF PRIMING A LOW SENSITIVE COMPOSITE EXPLOSIVE LOAD.
FR9011596 1990-09-20

Publications (2)

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EP0477090A1 true EP0477090A1 (en) 1992-03-25
EP0477090B1 EP0477090B1 (en) 1995-01-25

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EP91402474A Expired - Lifetime EP0477090B1 (en) 1990-09-20 1991-09-18 Ignition system for non-sensitive explosives

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EP (1) EP0477090B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04227499A (en)
DE (1) DE69106994T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2069243T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2667142B1 (en)
NO (1) NO301793B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113154960A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-23 西安近代化学研究所 Constant-speed charging shell achieving constant pressure difference through vertical displacement caused by gravity change

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9205117D0 (en) * 1991-04-15 2009-12-23 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Explosive ammunition element of low vulnerability comprising a biexplosive wave generator and process for the detonation of a comosite explosive of low sensit
RU2721926C1 (en) * 2019-07-24 2020-05-25 Войсковая Часть 41598 Universal housing for prototyping warhead of fuel-air explosive ammunition
CN114576042B (en) * 2022-03-11 2023-06-20 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 Remote ignition device and ignition method suitable for solid rocket engine

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US2604042A (en) * 1947-10-06 1952-07-22 Ici Ltd Detonating explosive charge and method of impressing surfaces employing same
DE1190855B (en) * 1963-06-20 1965-04-08 Dynamit Nobel Ag Explosives arrangement for generating a linear detonation front
FR2280053A1 (en) * 1973-10-30 1976-02-20 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Igniting charge for explosive shell - using two concentric ignition portions having different rates of ignition
FR2561376A1 (en) * 1982-05-05 1985-09-20 Saint Louis Inst Explosive device with fragmentation
FR2575461A1 (en) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-04 Aerojet General Co MOULDABLE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION LITTLE SENSITIVE TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
FR2584066A1 (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-02 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale USE OF 5-OXO 3-NITRO, 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AS AN EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE AND PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING 5-OXO 3-NITRO 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604042A (en) * 1947-10-06 1952-07-22 Ici Ltd Detonating explosive charge and method of impressing surfaces employing same
DE1190855B (en) * 1963-06-20 1965-04-08 Dynamit Nobel Ag Explosives arrangement for generating a linear detonation front
FR2280053A1 (en) * 1973-10-30 1976-02-20 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Igniting charge for explosive shell - using two concentric ignition portions having different rates of ignition
FR2561376A1 (en) * 1982-05-05 1985-09-20 Saint Louis Inst Explosive device with fragmentation
FR2575461A1 (en) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-04 Aerojet General Co MOULDABLE EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION LITTLE SENSITIVE TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
FR2584066A1 (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-01-02 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale USE OF 5-OXO 3-NITRO, 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AS AN EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE AND PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING 5-OXO 3-NITRO 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113154960A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-07-23 西安近代化学研究所 Constant-speed charging shell achieving constant pressure difference through vertical displacement caused by gravity change
CN113154960B (en) * 2021-04-12 2022-08-19 西安近代化学研究所 Constant-speed charging shell achieving constant pressure difference through vertical displacement caused by gravity change

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0477090B1 (en) 1995-01-25
JPH04227499A (en) 1992-08-17
DE69106994D1 (en) 1995-03-09
NO913667D0 (en) 1991-09-18
FR2667142A1 (en) 1992-03-27
NO301793B1 (en) 1997-12-08
NO913667L (en) 1992-03-23
FR2667142B1 (en) 1994-08-26
ES2069243T3 (en) 1995-05-01
DE69106994T2 (en) 1995-08-24

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